進出口比價 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jìnchūkǒubǐjià]
進出口比價 英文
terms of trade
  • 進 : 進構詞成分。
  • 口 : Ⅰ名詞1 （人或動物進飲食的器官; 嘴） mouth 2 （容器通外面的地方） mouth; rim 3 （出入通過的地方） ...
  • 比 : Ⅰ動詞1 （比較; 較量高下、 長短、距離、好壞等） compare; compete; contrast; match; emulate 2 （比...
  • 價 : 名詞1. （價格） price 2. （價值） value 3. [化學] （化合價） valence
  • 進出口 : 1 （商品進出口） imports and exports2 （出入門口） exits and entrances; exit進出口 （交換） 比價 ...
  • 進出 : 1. （進來和出去） pass in and out; get in and out 2. （收入和支出） receipts and payments; turnover
  • 比價 : price parity; comparative prices or bids; price ratio; price relations; rate of exchange
  1. Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

    基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。
  2. In this article, firstly the background of the textile trade conflicts within sino - us or sino - euro are introduced, thus learn that how to discern and dodge the foreign trade risks, how to choose the appropriate investment projects have already become one of the most important questions for exporting companies on foreign trade affairs well - known as high investment and high risk. so the main text makes a risk analysis qualitatively and quantitatively on a textile - exporting trading company from three angles of statistic 、 game theory and portfolio theory, which is the main content that we studied. firstly, the statistic article adopts data of the transaction closing price of the textile clothing index in shenzhen stock exchange at the end of each quarter as well as several other kinds of data reflecting the macro - economic changes, performs an empirical analysis of these data according to the theory of co - integration test 、 granger cause test and impulse response function of time series in economitric, and learn that the impact to ti is more obvious by the economic index reflecting local commodity price level and economic prosperity degree home and abroad, as well as the impact degree and the time lag degree, and knows the macro - economic risks faced by textile business enterprises ; after that by the game theory angle we analyze exactly the managing risks faced by one textile export corporation named beauty. from the game expansion chart the system arrangement between censor ways by exportation goal countries and exporting strategies by the exporting enterprises has been analyzed. involving the benefit assignment between them both the limited rounds and infinite rounds negotiations of cooperation games have been studied, and then country responsibility and the enterprise managing risks on foreign trade affairs and so on have been analyzed exactly ; in order to realize the investment multiplication in the certain degree to disperse the risk, the

    本文首先介紹了中美、中歐紡織品貿易爭端的來龍去脈，由此可知在涉外貿易這種以高投入、高風險著稱的行業里，如何甄別和規避外貿風險、如何選擇合適的投資項目已經成為外貿企業的首要問題。因此，正文分別從統計學、博弈論和投資組合三種角度對涉外紡織品貿易公司風險進行了定性和定量的分析，這也是本文的主要研究內容。首先，統計學篇選取了深圳證券交易所行業分類指數?紡織服裝指數（ ti ）每一季度末的交易收盤價和若干種反映宏觀經濟變化的指標，利用計量經濟學中時間序列的協整檢驗、 granger因果檢驗和脈沖反應函數等理論做實證分析，從而得知反映國內物價水平和國內外經濟景氣程度的經濟指標對紡織板塊上市值的沖擊比較明顯，且可知沖擊程度和時滯度，進而分析出涉外紡織企業所面臨的宏觀經濟風險;接著，從博弈論的角度具體分析一家紡織品出口公司（ beauty ）的外貿活動所面臨的各種經營風險，該篇從博弈擴展圖入手，分析了出口目的國審查方式與本企業出口策略之間的制度安排;並圍繞雙方的利益分配，研究了有限回合和無限回合合作談判博弈，然後具體論述了國家責任和企業涉外經營風險等問題;在一定程度上為了實現投資多元化來分散風險的目的，投資組合篇從經典的markowitz模型著手，在一些特定條件的限制下，給出了一個相應的投資組合模型。
  3. First of all, i summarize the forecast model category and estimate each model in detail, then, i adopt different model to forecast demand, supply, bdi of bulk shipping market. as to demand forecast, i mainly focus on the imitating precision of primitive data, adopt grey forecast model, self - suited filter model separately, and then compose these models as a better one. as to supply forecast, i use econometrics model to describe the complicated relationship of demand, supply, bdi, gnp etc. as to bdi, i try to draw into market integrated factor, describe the relationship of bdi, supply, capacity, speed, rate of oil, navigating capital etc. then finally, i make afterwards evaluation of these models and then analyze future bulk shipping market in detail

    對于需求預測，著重考慮對原始數據的擬合精度，經過模型比較優選論證，分別採用了灰色一階模型，改進的灰色二階、自適應過濾預測的加權組合模型，得到了相當高的擬合精度；對于供給預測，運用計量經濟模型對供給、需求、運價、 gnp 、進出口貿易額等多變量之間復雜的相互關系進行動態模擬，定量的反映出各變量之間的因果關系；對于運價預測，嘗試引入市場綜合因數概念，化繁為簡，通過描述運價與運力供給、載重噸、油耗、航速、燃油價格、航行成本等等諸多因素的關系來進行預測。
  4. With the trend of openness and integration of globlal economy, exchange rate is playing more and more important role in influencing the allocation of global resources. the sensitivity of the price of tradale goods to exchange rate fluctuation becomes the focus of international economics because it is a critical vector and transmitter when an economy is confronted of exogenous impact. traditional international economics theory assume that nominal exchange rate fluctuation has complete pass - through effect, namely it ’ s change will introduce proportional change of tradable goods, then it will influence such macroeconomic vector as term of trade, import and export, inflation, employment, productivity, income allocation, and so on. from a microeconomic angle, including pricing to market, innovative behavior, menu cost and sunk cost, the paper probe into the pricing model of international enterprices under floating exchange rate and testify the incomplete pass - through of exchange rate and it ’ s detailed reason, then discuss the inspiration it has on china. it ’ s believable this kind of research will play a big part in china ’ s exchange rate scheme and some macroeconomic problems such as exchange rate tranmitting channel and effects, exchange rate fluctuating behavior

    傳統的國際經濟學理論認為，名義匯率的波動具有完全的傳遞性（ completepass - through ） ，即它的變化會引起同比例的進出口貿易品相對價格以及貿易品和非貿易品相對價格的變化，然後通過需求變動的支出轉移效應（ expenditureswitching ）來影響國內經濟的諸多宏觀變量，如貿易條件、進出口貿易額、通脹水平、就業量、勞動生產率以及收入分配等，本文從依市定價（ pricingtomarket ） 、創新行為、菜單成本以及沉澱成本等四個不同的微觀角度，通過對浮動匯率下國際壟斷競爭性生產廠商的定價模型具體而透徹的探討，論證了匯率的不完全傳遞性並深入分析了決定匯率傳遞彈性的重要影響因素，闡述了該理論對人民幣匯率的啟示，這樣的研究會對我國今後的匯率政策以及匯率的傳導機制、傳導效應、波動行為等宏觀經濟問題起到重要的作用。
  5. A fair and reasonable comparison shall be made between the export price and the normal value of an imported product, with due allowance for factors which affect price comparability

    對進口產品的出口價格和正常價值，應當考慮影響價格的各種可比性因素，按照公平、合理的方式進行比較。
  6. The margin of dumping shall be established on the basis of a comparison of a weighted average normal value with a weighted average of prices of all comparable export transactions or by a comparison of normal value and export price on a transaction - to - transaction basis

    傾銷幅度的確定，應當將加權平均正常價值與全部可比出口交易的加權平均價格進行比較，或者將正常價值與出口價格在逐筆交易的基礎上進行比較。
  7. The state - owned enterprise exists not only in socialist states, but also in capitalist states. this chapter also compares and analyses the state - owned enterprise ' s model and construction of the most countries in the world, which puts forward some valuable - expei ience

    本章還對當代世界分國家的口有企業的基本型態、結構作用進行了比較分析，得出了一些有價值的經驗教訓，並對部分發達國家企業集團的一些問題與情況進行了比較分析。
  8. This paper analyzes on the phenomenon of the low price competition of some chinese export products at present, and advances that the enterprise based on the comparative cost should adopt the strategy of combining product difference strategy and the low price strategy, and should change the competitive concept to deal actively with the market competitors

    對中國目前某些出口產品的低價競爭現象進行了分析，指出以比較成本為基礎的企業應該採用產品差異化戰略和低成本戰略相結合的策略，轉變競爭觀念，積極應對市場競爭。
  9. Meanwhile, there are too many iron ore importing companies in china with separate purchase and different companies did things in their own way in the international market, therefore even according to the open price in the asia - pacific region, the price of china ' s iron ore import is us $ 3. 5 - 4 per ton higher than that of japan

    同時，由於經營鐵礦石進口企業過多，采購分散，各企業在國際市場各自為戰，所以即便以亞太區公開價為準，中國的進口鐵礦每噸價格仍比日本高出3 . 5美元到4美元。
  10. An approach for quality assessment of the filtered images was proposed. after qualitative and quantitative assessment, some conclusions have been drawn : ( 1 ) spatial filters are affected greatly by filtering window size, the size of 5 5 presents best result ; ( 2 ) enhanced frost filter, enhanced lee filter and gamma - map filter smooth the speckle noise well with a small sacrifice of losing texture details and narrow edges, which are better than other popular spatial filters ; ( 3 ) the results show that the proposed filter retains texture and edges well, so more researches are expected

    通過對jers - 1sar圖像的各種濾波圖像進行了目視評價和指標比較，得出如下結論: （ 1 ）各種空間濾波器受濾波窗口的影響很大， 5 5大小的濾波窗口濾波效果較好； （ 2 ）對比各種常用的空間濾波器，增強的frost濾波器、增強的lee濾波器和gamma - map濾波器在去噪和紋理、結構特徵保持方面效果最好； （ 3 ）小波濾波方法在保持sar圖像紋理細節方面表現出了很好的優勢，還有待進一步研究。
  11. After being squeezed between rising input costs and falling factory - gate prices, china ' s manufacturers are starting to raise prices to rebuild margins ? and getting away with it because both domestic demand and exports are still far stronger than they were two years ago

    在進口商品成本上升和產品出廠價下降的同時擠壓下，中國的製造商們將會通過提高價格來保持利潤這能夠僥幸成功是由於內需和出口都要比兩年前強勁的多。
  12. Grand glory law office has already provided legal services to sumec group of jiangsu, jiangsu overseas corp., china national metals and minerals import and export corporation, china jinangsu international economic and technical cooperation corp., panda electronics co., ltd., bayer group agfa hongkong ltd., jiangsu jiangshan pharmaceutical co., ltd. and many other famous domestic and foreign companies, banks and important governmental institutions early or late and received high comments from the clients and the authoritative departments of the trade

    振澤律師事務所已先後為江蘇蘇美達集團、江蘇省海外企業集團公司、中國五礦進出口總公司、中國江蘇國際經濟技術合作公司、熊貓電子股份有限公司、比利時拜爾集團愛克發公司、江蘇江山制藥公司等多家境內外知名公司、銀行和重要政府機構提供過法律服務，受到當事人和行業主管部門的高度評價。
  13. This provides the research with theory basis. secondly, this thesis establishes target system to evaluate international competitive power in service trade and apply this system to adjust the service trade competitive power of our country ; then analyzes the influence on service trade competitive power according to michael porter ’ s theory on national competition superiority and carries on the relevance analysis on various factors. at last, according to the analysis results, make out the strategy to improve international competitive power in service trade such as : cultivate high and specialized elements and promote the accumulation of personnel capital ; take domestic service demand seriously and impel urbanization construction ; enhance the utilization efficiency of foreign capital, and optimize the quality of resource endowment ; strengthen the supports from related industries ; encourage service enterprise to innovate and improve their competition ability ; reinforce the government ' s hatching function and so on

    本文首先闡述了服務貿易競爭力的相關理論，並說明了競爭力理論在服務貿易中的應用，這為本文的研究提供了理論依據;其次建立了測評我國服務貿易國際競爭力的指標體系，並運用該指標體系對我國服務貿易競爭力進行了評價及國際比較;然後根據邁克爾?波特的國家競爭優勢理論分析了影響服務貿易競爭力的各因素，對各因素與服務貿易出口進行了相關性分析;最後根據回歸分析的結論提出提升我國服務貿易國際競爭力策略:大力培育高等、專業要素，促進人力資本積累;重視國內的服務需求，推進城市化建設;提高外資的利用效率，優化資源稟賦質量;加強服務貿易相關產業的協調與支持;鼓勵服務企業創新，提高競爭能力;強化政府的孵化和輔助作用等。
  14. They are agricultural productive materials price growth rate, sown area of grain crops growth rate, grain yield per area growth rate -, natural disaster covered grain areas growth rate, net grain import change rate, grain reserve change rate, population growth rate, per income growth rate, city and town population growth rate, food industry production value growth rate, year - end pig number growth rate, medical & pharmaceutical and textile industry production value growth rate, grain marketization degree, inflation rate using the previous year as base year ( preceding year = 100 ), public grain purchases price growth rate, investment in agricultural science and technology growth rate, investment in agricultural infrastructure growth rate, growth rate of graduates number from agriculture, forestry, science & technology universities and colleges and specialized secondary schools, government expenditure for agriculture and agricultural credit growth rate, international grain price growth rate, rmb exchange rate growth rate, last grain price growth rate, economic crop price growth rate, meanwhile, a new method is attempted to be used in this paper and the grain price early - warning problem is transformed into machine learning problem by introducing statistic learning theory and svm method which are gaining popularity in machine learning field at present in the world

    在此基礎上，篩選出23個警兆指標：農用生產資料價格增長率、糧食播種面積增長率、糧食單產增長率、糧食受災面積增長率、糧食凈進口量變化率、糧食儲備變動率、人口增長率、人均收入增長率、城鎮人口增長率、食品工業產值增長率、豬年末頭數增長率、醫藥紡織工業產值增長率、糧食市場化程度、以上年為基年的通貨膨脹率、國家糧食定購價格增長率、農業科技投入增長率、農業基礎設施投入增長率、農、林、科技高校大、中專畢業生人數增長率、財政支農資金比重及農業信貸增長率、國際糧食市場價格增長率、人民幣匯率增長率、上期糧食價格增長率、經濟作物價格增長率。同時論文在預警方法上作了新的嘗試，把糧食價格預警問題轉換成一個機器學習問題，引進當前國際上機器學習領域中比較熱門的統計學習理論和支持向量機方法，用順序回歸演算法對歷史數據進行學習建立了糧食價格預警模型。
  15. The following results are achieved : ( 1 ) in accordance with the empirical electron theory of solids and molecules, considering the number of covalent bond pairs on the strongest bond in a segregation structure na, the elements for matrix - strengthening can be chosen. ( 2 ) on the basis of the available phase - equilibrium thermodynamics calculation of alloy system and phase diagrams, which have been worked out, the contents of alloy elements can be identified with reference to the types, quantity and phase - transformation of carbides. ( 3 ) both the values relating to toughness ( including bending strength, yield strength, impact value of unnotched samples ) and hardness of new dm9 die steel are higher than those of crl2mov die steel

    結果得出： （ 1 ）根據固體與分子經驗電子理論，利用偏聚結構單元的最強共價鍵上的共用電子對數n _ a ，可以選擇工模具鋼基體相的強化元素； （ 2 ）根據合金系相平衡熱力學計算及已有的相圖，可以碳化物類型、數量及其相變確定合金元素含量； （ 3 ）新型dm9鋼在強韌性（抗彎強度、屈服強度、無缺口沖擊值）和硬度方面均高於cr12mov鋼； （ 4 ）以dm9鋼與6crw2si 、 7cr2wmovsi （ dm7 ） 、 h13和cr12mov四種模具鋼的實驗比較，進一步驗證了上述冷作模具鋼合金設計方案是合適的。
  16. Evaluating beforehand which has something to do with the factors of influencing the price competence is carried through in view of price competence, non - price competence and two countries " agricultural conditions. evaluating afterwards is compared and analyzed by revealing comparative advantage index, market share, farm produce trade structure for each other and produce import and export variety

    事前評價與影響價格競爭力的因素有關，具體從價格競爭力、非價格競爭力、中韓兩國農業條件等三個方面進行；事後評價是通過對顯示比較優勢指數（ revealedcomparativeadvantageindex ， rca ） 、市場佔有率（ marketshare ， ms ） 、雙方的農產品貿易結構及具體的農產品進出口品種進行比較分析。
  17. When there are no or insufficient sales of the like product in the ordinary course of trade, or where because of the particular market situation such sales do not permit a proper comparison, the normal value of the like product shall be calculated on the basis of the cost of production in the country of origin plus a reasonable amounts for selling, general and administrative costs and for profits, or on the basis of export prices, in the ordinary course of trade, to an appropriate third country, provided that those prices are representative

    當在正常貿易中類似產品的交易額為零或不足，或者在某種特定的市場條件下此種交易並無適合的可比物時，類似產品的通常價值應該按這樣的基礎來進行計算：原產國生產成本加合理的銷售費用，加一般成本和行政管理成本以及利潤；或者也可以使用在正常貿易過程中，出口到第三國的出口價格，如果這些價格具有代表性。
  18. With the input of a great number of data and survey information, the mcgdm system adjusted the criteria, comparative importance and weight while taking into consideration of various qualities and quantities such as shipping cost, investment scale, construction condition and development potentials, etc. the comments and recommendations on the options were resulted and a quantitative comparison became possible. it not only analyzed the cost of each option but also optimized the local container transportation network by comparing the shipping cost of each option, with the help of transportation network optimizing model and other techniques

    本文還運用了多準則群決策分析方法，以大量數據信息採集和多個專家意問卷調查為基礎，對各個基本準則和評價指標相對重要程度、權值進行了綜合處理，同時有機的融合了包括運輸費用、投資規規模、建港條件、發展前景等各種定量和定性分析的指標，提出了布局方案選擇的推薦意見，為規劃方案比較提供了量化比選依據，為大型集裝箱港口規劃探索了一種更有效的方法和更科學的規劃工作模式。
  19. This thesis totally is divided into five chapter. as for chapter 1, oral communication teaching has been combed from the lengthways angle, which makes us know that our country ' s oral communication teaching has ever walked through the road of a difficult turns and the knowledge of oral communication teaching has been changed from ignorance to stress, from superficiality to deepness ; the chapter 2 from the horizontal angle the courses criteria of li in abord for oral communication teaching are talked of ( e. g the united states, germany, the united kongdom ), in comparison with syllabus of chinese ; the third, four chapter are the key to thesises. the chapter 3 puts forward and analyzes the present questions of current oral communication teaching ( e. g oral communication teaching ' s value orientation, oral communication teaching ' s materials, oral communication teaching ' s method, oral communication teaching ' s evaluation ) ; the chapter 4 brings up some related counter measures by aiming at this present conditions

    本論文共分五章。第一章從縱向的角度對我國的口語交際教學進行了歷時的梳理，從中可看出我國的口語交際教學走過一條艱難曲折之路，對口語交際的認識也由漠視逐步到重視，對其概念的內涵的認識也逐步由膚淺到深刻；第二章從橫向的角度對國外（以美德英國為例）的口語交際教學（僅從母語課程標準）上來觀照，並將其與中國現階段的課程標準進行比較分析；第三、四章為本論文的關鍵部分，第三章對我國當前口語交際教學的現狀迷失（口語交際教學的價值取向、口語交際教材、口語交際教學方法、口語交際教學評價等四個維度）進行了較深層次的剖析與「診斷」 ；第四章針對這些迷失的現狀本文提出了一些相關的對策研究。
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