進化分支圖 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jìnhuàfēnzhītú]
進化分支圖 英文
cladogram
  • 進 : 進構詞成分。
  • 分 : 分Ⅰ名詞1. （成分） component 2. （職責和權利的限度） what is within one's duty or rights Ⅱ同 「份」Ⅲ動詞[書面語] （料想） judge
  • 支 : Ⅰ名詞1 （分支; 支派） branch; offshoot 2 （地支） the twelve earthly branches3 （姓氏） a surname...
  • 圖 : Ⅰ名詞1 （繪畫表現出的形象; 圖畫） picture; chart; drawing; map 2 （計劃） plan; scheme; attempt 3...
  • 進化 : evolution
  1. Besides preface and epilogue, the text is divided into four parts discussing maximum mortgage issues : in part, starting from growing and developing of it, the author expounds the value and features of maximum mortgage, analyzes the function and character of maximum mortgage, and indicates maximum mortgage can realize efficiency value of economy and law. it can bring on circulate function of commodity and bear abating appurtenant and specific nature. specific nature is an important character of maximum mortgage system clearly

    本文試圖通過比較借鑒和功能分析的方法，結合司法實踐中遇到的實際問題，對最高額抵押權進行完整的剖析，從最高額抵押權的價值、特徵、效力、適用范圍、轉讓等諸多方面進行深入探討，以期為建立我國最高額抵押權的制度體系提供更多的理論支持，推動我國的法制化進程。
  2. In the process of arithmetic design, newton " method is used to compute power flow of network. graph theory knowledge is used to determine all paths from generator to load. to improve efficiency, thesis use branch expunction method to optimize the node order

    在演算法設計過程中，採用牛頓拉夫遜法進行潮流計算得到系統潮流分佈，利用圖論原理中的路徑搜索演算法確定了發電機對負荷的供電路徑，此外為了提高潮流跟蹤的計算效率，利用了支路消去法進行節點順序的優化。
  3. Firstly the patterns of the multifingered hands are detailed, eight patterns are defined. the classical bayes method is used in the classification of pre - grasp of multiple fingers based on three patterns which are grasping, holding and pinching. based on the eight pre - grasp patterns, bp neural network is applied in the classification of the pre - grasp of multifingered hands and gets a good effect. the method solves the shortcoming input sample relying on the propobility density and simplified the un - insititution characters extraction. in this paper, support vector machine ( svm ) and binary - tree with clustering is applied in the classification. this method can solve the slow speed and effect with fewness sample in the classification, achieving a good effect. in this papper, we extract the characters of the regulation object with geometry characters and extact the unregulation object with the image analysis

    此法解決了輸入樣本依賴物體的概率密度的特點，簡化了分類特徵提取的不直觀性。本文還採用了支持向量機（ svm ）和聚類二叉樹相結合的方法對機器人手預抓取八類模式進行分類，解決了預抓取模式分類訓練速度過慢以及在分類中樣本數量偏少而影響分類效果的問題，得到了較高的正確率。本文對預抓取幾何形狀規則的物體採用直接提取其幾何特徵，對于預抓取幾何形狀不規則的物體採用圖像分析的方法進行特徵提取。
  4. Part iiilegal issues upon the reform of toll and tax in countryside this part is concentrated to show six problems that the reform of toll and tax in countryside is to be up against and is to be peremptorily settled as following : the first one, in the confirming of agricultural tax, it is very difficult to protect the farmer ' s rights fairly because of unscientific of the evidence at assessment, highly of tax rate, and the absence of law and statute correlatively ; the second one, on the tax levying, there lack of legal systems that is to supervise and run, especially lack of law and statute which lead to collect agricultural special tax canonically ; the third one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside extrudes unbalance burden among farmers and countries, and lead to unevenly between subject of tax payment, which breaches the legal rule of balanceable tax ; the fourth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside faces the danger that farmers " burden tends to rebound because of weakly carry through legal rule on tax statutory and absent of law and statute correlatively ; the fifth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside affects the finance and revenue - expenditure auditing of the grass roots and father affects the grass roots to raise fee upon public construction and education, as a result, there ' s more charge that is out of law, the monocracy of grass roots " finance ought to be carry out ; the sixth one, legal measures connect with the reform of toll and tax in countryside in dire need of to be built, which mainly conclude legal system that adjust country social security, country compulsory education and country debt

    第三部分? ?農村稅費改革的法律課題集中展示了農村稅費改革所面臨且亟待解決的六大法律問題。即：其一，在確定農業稅上，計稅依據不科學、稅率偏高、相關法律規范缺失，無法平等保護農民的合法權益；其二，在農村稅收的徵收上，缺乏行之有效的法律監督和運行機制，尤其是農業特產稅的徵收缺乏保障據實徵收的法律規范;其三，稅費改革凸顯農民之間、農村之間的負擔不均，使納稅主體的權利義務失衡，有悖稅負均衡的法律原則;其四，由於稅收法定主義沒有得到有效貫徹，規制農民負擔反彈方面的法律法規缺位，致使農村稅費改革潛伏著農民負擔反彈的風險;其五，稅費改革影響基層組織的財政收支，進而影響鄉村公益事業建設及教育經費的籌措，引發稅外亂收費沉渣泛起，基層財政體製法治化勢在必行;其六，與稅費改革相關的配套法律措施巫待構建，主要是農村社會保障法律體系、鄉村義務教育和鄉村債務疏導的法律支撐魚待構建與完善。第四部分一一農村稅費改革與相關法律制度的構建基於上一部分提出的法律問題，力圖構築農村稅費改革的法律框架並提出相應對策。
  5. In this paper, the centenary changes of the area in the four - lake area were studied by interpreting on the water resources map, relief map and images of remote sensing supported by gis

    在野外調查和歷史文獻分析的基礎上，利用不同時期的水利圖、地形圖、遙感影像圖作為基本信息源，在gis技術支持下，提取湖泊面積信息，對四湖地區近百年湖泊水域變化進行了研究。
  6. Abstract : the restoration of the riparian vegetation disturbed by human activities is one of the hotspots of watershed ecology. through interpreting the images of remote sensing in 1985 and 1999, the basic information of forest resources of lushuihe forest bureau, which is a typical forest area of changbai mountain, was obtained with support of gis. by dividing land covers of lushuihe area into 10 types ( water body, residential land, stump land, farming land, wetland, mature conifer forest, midlife conifer forest, mature broadleaf forest, midlife broadleaf forest, and man - made young forest ) and dividing the riparian zone into four buffers ( in turn, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 m away from the river ), the changes of riparian forest resources during 1985 - 1999 were analyzed. the results showed that the deforestation intension has obviously decreased and the whole environment has been evidently improved, but the riparian ecosystem was still flimsy. in buffer 1, 2, 3, the area of midlife conifer forest increased largely, but the areas of other types of land covers all decreased. midlife conifer forest had a comparatively good status in the three buffers. in buffer 4, midlife conifer forest, mature conifer forest, and mature broadleaf forest formed a forest - age rank that is helpful to stabilize the forest ecosystem and exert its functions. area percentage of wetland decreased in buffer 1, buffer 2, and buffer 3, even in buffer 4 in which forest ecosystem rehabilitated comparatively well, so protecting and rehabilitating wetland is a very difficult task

    文摘:本文對兩期遙感圖像進行解譯，並在gis支持下提取露水河林業局主要河流兩岸各緩沖區森林資源信息，經分析得到各類地物在1985年及1999年的變化趨勢.結果表明:在河流沿岸對森林的採伐強度1999年較1985年明顯減小，整體生態環境較1985年有所改善.在緩沖區1 ， 2 ， 3除中齡針葉林大幅度增加外，其它地物類型面積均減少，由此可以看出，在這三個緩沖區內針葉林得到了較好的恢復.在緩沖區4內，中齡針葉林、成熟針葉林、成熟闊葉林形成一個林齡梯隊，有利於森林生態系統的穩定與功能的發揮，十五年間緩沖區4受到的干擾相對較小.濕地數量在四個緩沖區內均有所減少，雖然在緩沖區4內森林生態系統恢復的較好，但濕地面積仍有所減少，說明保護及恢復濕地資源是一件非常艱巨的任務，必須引起高度重視.圖5表2參12
  7. The restoration of the riparian vegetation disturbed by human activities is one of the hotspots of watershed ecology. through interpreting the images of remote sensing in 1985 and 1999, the basic information of forest resources of lushuihe forest bureau, which is a typical forest area of changbai mountain, was obtained with support of gis. by dividing land covers of lushuihe area into 10 types ( water body, residential land, stump land, farming land, wetland, mature conifer forest, midlife conifer forest, mature broadleaf forest, midlife broadleaf forest, and man - made young forest ) and dividing the riparian zone into four buffers ( in turn, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 m away from the river ), the changes of riparian forest resources during 1985 - 1999 were analyzed. the results showed that the deforestation intension has obviously decreased and the whole environment has been evidently improved, but the riparian ecosystem was still flimsy. in buffer 1, 2, 3, the area of midlife conifer forest increased largely, but the areas of other types of land covers all decreased. midlife conifer forest had a comparatively good status in the three buffers. in buffer 4, midlife conifer forest, mature conifer forest, and mature broadleaf forest formed a forest - age rank that is helpful to stabilize the forest ecosystem and exert its functions. area percentage of wetland decreased in buffer 1, buffer 2, and buffer 3, even in buffer 4 in which forest ecosystem rehabilitated comparatively well, so protecting and rehabilitating wetland is a very difficult task

    本文對兩期遙感圖像進行解譯，並在gis支持下提取露水河林業局主要河流兩岸各緩沖區森林資源信息，經分析得到各類地物在1985年及1999年的變化趨勢.結果表明:在河流沿岸對森林的採伐強度1999年較1985年明顯減小，整體生態環境較1985年有所改善.在緩沖區1 ， 2 ， 3除中齡針葉林大幅度增加外，其它地物類型面積均減少，由此可以看出，在這三個緩沖區內針葉林得到了較好的恢復.在緩沖區4內，中齡針葉林、成熟針葉林、成熟闊葉林形成一個林齡梯隊，有利於森林生態系統的穩定與功能的發揮，十五年間緩沖區4受到的干擾相對較小.濕地數量在四個緩沖區內均有所減少，雖然在緩沖區4內森林生態系統恢復的較好，但濕地面積仍有所減少，說明保護及恢復濕地資源是一件非常艱巨的任務，必須引起高度重視.圖5表2參12
  8. The support vector machine composed by least sequence and directed acyclic graph algorithm has been used in paper currency identification, shows the advantages of capability in dealing with scared samples, nonlinear and high dimensions

    將次序最小優化改進演算法和有向無環圖演算法構建的支持向量機用於貨幣識別，充分發抨了支持向量機解決小樣本、非線性和高維模式識別問題的優點。
  9. Finally, these models were tested in the prime farmland protection planning of a village of wanbailin district, taiyuan city, shanxi province. the results showed that the models meet the demands of orientation and quantity - fixing of polygon partition during prime farmland protection planning mapping automatically. the research can provide technical supports for mapping automatically during prime farmland protection planning and the optimal allocation of territorial land use

    最後結合山西省太原市萬柏林區圪鐐溝村的基本農田劃定工作，進行了耕地圖斑定積分割決策模型的實證研究，結果表明，本文建立的模型能有效地達到基本農田保護區劃定自動化成圖中圖斑分割定位、定量的要求，從而為實現基本農田保護區劃定成圖自動化提供技術支持，也為區域土地利用優化奠定技術基礎。
  10. Some factors that exited in contemporary huizhou block some young people in huizhou from continuing their study after finishing nine - year compulsory education, these factors involved lack of educational funds, the values that men are superior to women and the influence of parents who think " it is no use studying " on their children. through comparison between the traditional and contemporary education, we find some new problems that existed in the present education of huizhou, and this article tries to pose some suggestions to solve these problems. first, strengthen the function of fundamental organizations of rural community, that is, with the aid of non - profit organizations, the community can develop kinds of rural education, and local political and economic organizations should provide support and encouragement in spiritual and material for the development of local education

    本文通過傳統與當代徽州教育及教育價值觀念的比較，從經濟、政治方面對其變遷進行社會學的思考，並試圖提出發展當代徽州農村社區教育的對策與建議： 1 、強化農村社區基層組織的功能：藉助社區事業組織開展多種樣式的鄉村教育，同時，社區政治組織、經濟組織應為當代徽州農村社區的教育發展提供物質上和精神上的支持和鼓勵； 2 、通過對崇文重教行為的宣傳，發揮大眾傳播媒介對人們正確價值觀的樹立及活動的導向和暗示作用，以促進當代徽州農村社區教育文化的建構； 3 、發展農村社區職業教育，興辦一些鄉村手工業技術培訓班，為山區的副業就地開辟一條新路，並充分發揮社會教育的作用，使徽州農村教育社會化與農村社會教育化統一併融合起來，實現徽州農村社區教育與社會的良性互動。
  11. Finally, this paper set up the substitute model between the new technology and the old one and studied characteristic of the diffusion system applied system dynamic method such as the stable points and phase portrait and hopf bifurcation and limit cycle of it. then studied the probability distribution function of them, and the probabilistic equation of this system

    最後建立了四川大學碩士畢業論文創新技術和舊技術的技術更替模型，並運用系統動力學的方法分析了擴散系統在其不動點附近的變化特徵和相圖以及改進系統的hopf分支、極限環等性質，討論了新舊技術的概率分佈，並且將動力學方程轉化為概率方程進行分析。
  12. This dissertation is intended to research the various development paths of the institution of trusts in anglo - saxon legal system and civil law system, to examine and evaluate the historic merits of the law of trusts that is developing and changing profoundly during the present time. this dissertation examines how the trust is expanding and adopted in these civil law countries, whereas, traditionally, the common - law trust has been an unknown concept in civil law system

    本論文試圖運用比較和經濟學分析的方法研究信託制度在普通法系和民法法系中不同的發展路徑和結構變遷，對正在劇烈發展和變化中的信託法進行一個歷史性的考察和評價，並為中國《信託法》的實施和信託制度的正確發展提供一個理論和實踐上的支持。
  13. Energy conservation and and reformation of power plants " heat installation affect a lot on the efficient performance of opertion of power plant. pump and fan take a large proportion in power plant and resume much electric energy. so there is much energy conservation pationlity in them. and we should have strong tools and theories " support to reform them. we can combine the theory modeling and engineering design manufacture by the bussiness software such as fluent. in order to take full advantage of the powerful function of fluent and increase absolutely its conveniece and interaction, we should develop fluent secondly. this paper puts the idea firstly demostricly to substitute the performance test of pump and fan to get the integrative system of the optimization and computer aid design, and so we can increase greatly of the efficiecy and quality of the facility reformation. the main idea about the secondary development of fluent in this paper is based on the secondary development of gambit, the modeling and meshing s oftware of fluent, and simplify the modeling and meshing of gambit. meanwile, the data management base on web browser kind is adopted for the convenience of optimization and parameterization, and the journal files createdly recently can get new medeling and meshing files that can be used by fluent. so the designer can focus on the computer scheme and the result analysis without care the fussy designing and optimiziation. so we can increase greatly the optimization efficiency

    泵與風機在電廠中占較大數量比例，且消耗大量電能，節能潛力巨大，對其改造需要強有力的工具和理論支持，用商用cfd軟體如fluent可實現泵與風機改造中的理論模擬與工程設計製造間的結合。為了充分發揮fluent的強大功能，又能最大程度地提高其方便性與交戶性，應對其進行二次開發。本課題在國內首先提出對fluent進行二次開發，替代泵與風機性能試驗，形成一體化的優化、輔助製造系統，可大大提高設備改造的效率與質量，其主要思想是基於fluent的cad構體軟體gambit進行二次開發，簡化了泵的構體過程，同時，為了優化及參數化方便，採用基於webbrowser的數據管理方式，生成新的記錄文件同時產生新的fluent計算能識別的圖形網格文件，這樣就將設計優化者從繁瑣的圖形設計及優化中解脫出來，專注于對計算方案的確定及計算結果的分析，極大地提高了設計優化的效率。
  14. Under the background of the research work - " expert system of hydraulic brake system design for saloon car, small and medium passenger car " for nanjing yuejin automobile group, in this paper, a set of special cad software for vihicle brake was developed in which the researchful object was brake, . the cad supporting software was pro / engineer and the developing language was vb. the project of discreted brake was raised and 3d graphic parametric library of typical parts and assemblies was established. 3d solid modeling and parameter - driven between dimensions and relations were accomplished using pro / engineer

    本文以南京躍進汽車集團的橫向課題「轎車、中小型客車液壓制動系設計專家系統」為背景，以制動器為研究對象，以pro engineer為cad支撐軟體，採用vb語言，開發了一套汽車制動器專用cad系統；提出了制動器離散化方案，構建了參數化的制動器典型零部件三維圖形庫，使用pro engineer實現三維實體造型以及尺寸與關系的參數化驅動；圖形庫系統採用參數化圖庫引用、管理機制並擁有一個開放的擴充介面；研究了pro engineer二次開發模塊pro toolkit ，解決了同步模式下定製程序界面的問題，並實現與pro engineer的通信；建立了制動過程數學模型，推導了制動方程式並給出相關解法，編制了制動器數值模擬分析程序；構建了制動器設計資料庫。
  15. With the help of gis technology, arable land features that are obtained from the results of computer auto - classification, are used to spatial overlay analysis. the change law and tendency of arable land during 11 years in

    專題研究是在gis的支持下，從兩期的計算機自動分類結果中提取出耕地圖層進行空間疊加分析，分別從耕地的數量、空間變化、質量三個方面全面分析龍海市1989 2000年間耕地變化規律和空間變化趨勢。
  16. In paper, reaching the aim, firstly, we have researched thorough about symbol recognition and theory understanding relative theory and technology, and basing on those theory and technology, we adopt the based global characteristic symbol recognition and engineering drawing understanding algorithm which can automatic convert the vectorgraph which doesn ’ t include the relative physical information into the vectorgraph which includes the relative physical information. secondly, researching about the 2d computer animation technology and combine the cbt system, we have presented the new path animation model which include the union path description, animation pattern and time - velocity and time ? distance parts

    為達到上述目標，本文首先對目前圖形符號識別技術進行系統的、較深入的分析，結合民航飛機原理圖特點採用基於全局特徵的符號識別演算法對原理圖進行符號處理，並以此為基礎改進了基於圖的方法和全局知識的語義分析方法相結合的原理圖理解演算法，可將無序的矢量圖轉化成高層的知識表示，為動畫製作提供素材，為后續的電路完整性檢測及動畫自動播放提供相應的知識支持。
  17. This paper formalizes analysis patterns with raise. after analyzing static structure diagram, present a definite specification by raise language and analysis patterns " formal specifications. the formalizing is a foundation of reusing analysis patterns efficiency and automated tools

    在對分析模式的靜態結構圖進行分析后，給出使用raise規約語言的描述定義，並對具體的分析模式進行形式化描述，為有效復用分析模式提供有力的保障基礎，為分析模式的自動工具支持提供基礎。
  18. The whole dissertation can be divided into 9 chapters, which are mainly engaged on the comparative theories of the common balance and the partial balance, and the methodology of the demonstration and criterion economics to do the analysis and res earch on the purpose of making relatively thorough and deep assessment on the policy - making and related improvement suggestions on such areas as the implement performance of the agriculture policies, the requirement structure of agriculture, the structure of employment, the basic elements and arrangement of agriculture production, the sustainable development of agriculture and the agriculture internationalization etc. the basic innovative points of the dissertation are as follows : ( 1 ) to establish a systematic framework for the research on the policies of agriculture industry and the structure of agriculture industry ; the framework for grand agriculture industry structure ; the framework of subject relationship in the agriculture socialized service system ; the circulation framework of sustainable development for agriculture ; the model framework for corporation development for agriculture institution ; ( 2 ) to expand the external scope of the concept of agriculture ; ( 3 ) to put forward the ideas of the corporation orientation by restructuring and innovating the present agriculture operational institution ; ( 4 ) to raise the viewpoints to set up the quality standard system for agriculture produce and to initiate the same system of the internal and external trade ; ( 5 ) to offer the suggestions on guiding the development of the township and private enterprises through the industry policies ; ( 6 ) to raise the innovative viewpoint by way of the systematic analysis on agriculture and the employment structure of the countryside, the district arrangement, technological innovation and the marketing system of agriculture produce ; ( 7 ) to put forward the comprehensive thinking way to broaden the logistics services for agriculture produce ; ( 8 ) to raise the new idea of the agriculture supporting system and the policy suggestions on expanding the areas for the government to support agriculture industry, reorganization of agriculture insurance system and aid to the weak masses of the countryside

    本課題是在國家農業產業政策不斷完善和產業經濟學科科學發展的背景下，從農業產業政策的實踐出發，從大農業產業結構、組織、技術、資金、勞動力、土地等資源配置以及區域布局、國內外關聯等角度，以農業產業政策與農業發展的互動關系為切入點，提出了農業產業政策調整取向，初步形成和發展了政策理論。全文共分9章，主要運用一般均衡和局部均衡比較等理論，實證、規范經濟學研究等方法進行探討，對農業產業政策實施績效、農村需求結構、就業結構、農業生產要素和布局、農業可持續發展、農業國際化等命題以及對策建議作了比較全面深入的評析。本課題研究主要有以下創新觀點：初步搭建了農業產業政策和結構理論框架，設計了政策和結構體系圖；延伸了「農業」概念外延，提出了「大農業」的構想；提出了農業產業經營組織再造和創新的公司化發展方向，設置了農業產業化、公司化發展模式圖和產業化公司模型圖；設計了農業可持續發展良性循環圖和農業資金投入效益模型圖；提出了建立農產品質量標準體系、推行內外貿一體制的觀點；建立了農業保障體系參照圖，建議通過產業政策引導鄉鎮、私營企業和「三資」企業發展；剖析農村勞動力就業結構、區域布局、科技創新、農產品市場體系；提出了加大農產品物流配送的整體思路；提出了農業支撐體系新觀念及擴大政府支農范圍、重構農業保險體系、扶持弱勢群體的政策建議。
  19. Picture that put forward in the article graph and data structure reciprocal mapping support not merely to map graph from data structure efficiently, besides, regard graphics element as a unit, analyze and discern to user ' s modified graph, produce the corresponding data structure automatically, maintain consistency of graph and data structure efficiently on the foundation of expanding case graphic tools effectively, we direct against the intrinsic characteristic of traditional waterfall model, proposesmall loop model to software analysis based on graph and data structure reciprocal mapping solve problems of slow information feedbackand high track back cost efficiently

    文中提出的圖數互逆映射的思想，不僅對數據結構到圖形映射進行高效率地支持，同時，以圖形元素為單位，對用戶修改後的圖形進行分析和識別，自動生成相應的數據結構，有效地維護了圖數一致性。在對case圖形化工具進行有效擴展的基礎上，我們針對傳統瀑布開發模型的固有特點，提出了基於圖數互逆映射的軟體分析小循環模型，有效解決了傳統軟體分析設計階段信息反饋慢、回溯代價高等問題。
  20. This paper carried through the detailed description and the discussion first to the new generation of operation strut system ngoss theory and its the system organization which proposed by telecommunication management forum tmf. and it unified the existing oss of chongqing tietong to carry on analysis, contrast and reorganization, then fully used the service process flows, public bus structure, public service data and the technical thought of ngoss module and so on. according the frame construction instruction of etom, carried on the analysis, the conformity and develop the useful and discard the useless on the foundation of the system in existence, constituted the new generation of operation support program tbss holistic frame and the system skeleton of tietong characteristic, conforming to the chongqing tietong actual situation, to guarantee the realization of enterprise strategic target according to tbss concentrated deployment and manages the key application system and the data gradually, insure realizing the complete sharing of information in the entire enterprise and the end - to - end process automation, broke thoroughly the information isolated island of the chimney

    本論文首先對新一代運營支撐系統（ ngoss ）的理論及其體系機構進行了詳細的探討，並且結合重慶鐵通現有運營支撐系統進行分析、對比、整理，接著充分利用ngoss體系架構和理論中的業務過程流、公共總線結構、公共業務數據以及ngoss組件等技術思想，根據增強型電信運營圖etom的框架結構，在對已有系統的進行分析、整合和揚棄的基礎上，制定了具有鐵通特色、符合重慶鐵通實際情況的新一代運營支持系統tbss的整體框架和體系構架，以確保逐步根據該體系架構集中部署和管理關鍵應用系統和數據，實現全企業信息的完全共享和端到端的過程自動化，徹底打破煙囪式垂直應用體系而造成的信息孤島，保證企業戰略目標的實現。
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