運量觀測數據 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yùnliángguāncèshǔjù]
運量觀測數據 英文
traffic figures
  • 運 : Ⅰ動詞1 （物體位置不斷變化） move; revolve 2 （搬運; 運輸） carry; transport 3 （運用） use; wield...
  • 量 : 量動1. （度量） measure 2. （估量） estimate; size up
  • 觀 : 觀名詞1. （道教的廟宇） taoist temple2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 測 : 動詞1. （測量） survey; fathom; measure 2. （測度; 推測） conjecture; infer
  • 數 : 數副詞（屢次） frequently; repeatedly
  • 據 : 據Ⅰ動詞1 （占據） occupy; seize 2 （憑借; 依靠） rely on; depend on Ⅱ介詞（按照; 依據） according...
  • 運量 : traffic volume
  • 觀測 : observe; observation; viewing
  • 數據 : data; record; information
  1. And the deficiencies are pointed out in present researches, such as highway capacity, level - of - service, influence factor of road alignments, etc. from these, it has confirmed that the thesis should be studied from rational analysis, quantitative analysis of level - of - service, impact on capacity of road alignments, setting - up simulation model, etc. the high - accuracy gps dynamic data acquisition appearance is proposed to be used for the first time to carry on the experiment of overtaking on two - lane highways, and experiment scheme is designed according to the driver ' s perceive to judge each overtaking course. based on the experiment data, it can get two important parameters of acceptant gap ? the critical gap of overtakable time headway and returnable time headway through data processing, which can offer the strong support to the research of two - lane highway capacity with qualitative and quantitative analysis. besides, the experiment methods is provided to observe overtaking ratio and to measure the

    研究中首次提出了運用高精度gps動態數據採集儀對雙車道公路上的超車行為進行觀測，設計了根據駕駛員感受度來衡量超車過程的實驗方案，並通過後期數據處理得到了超車過程中兩個重要的可接受間隙參數-可超車車頭時距和可回車車頭時距的臨界間隙值，為定性和定量分析雙車道公路通行能力提供有力的數據支持;同時，還提出了觀測超車率的實驗方法以及測量加速度干擾的實驗方案，統一了計算加速度干擾的時間統計間隔，為雙車道公路的服務水平量化研究奠定基礎;最後還簡單介紹了駕駛員問卷調查法和模擬程序中模型參數標定和驗證的數據採集方法。
  2. Thirdly, an ideal satellite orbit is simulated, and on this foundation, we establish some typical simulation and testing circumstances. lastly, after simulation in the simulation and testing circumstances, we compare the performance of ukf and ekf. and then, based on the outdoor experiment of the vehicle, an analysis and contrast between our simulation results and commercial data process software is carried out, and the conclusion is obtained

    首先在第三章提出的目標運動模型的基礎上建立了系統狀態方程;其次簡要分析了衛星導航系統中的各類誤差，建立了基於偽距觀測量的系統觀測模型;第四節利用yuma格式歷書數據模擬了未受攝動影響的衛星軌道，並在此基礎上建立了幾種典型的動態模擬測試環境;第五節為模擬分析和比較，先對ukf演算法和ekf演算法在動態模擬測試環境中進行了模擬比較，然後針對外場試驗，對非線性濾波獲得的定位結果與商業軟體進行了分析比較，並得出結論。
  3. Through the approach of investigative questionnaire and ability examination, considering both teachers " teaching practice in senior high school and students " need in analyzing and resolving problem, taking the method of fixing the quality and quantity, we make a demonstration research. at last, we draw a conclusion that the 19 manifestations of chemistry ability can be reduced to three levels : the basal level, called repeating thinking, includes distinguishing and judging the chemical fact and relations of quantity in chemical reaction, comparing and summarizing the chemistry fundamental knowledge ; innovative thinking level includes illogical thinking and logical thinking. illogical thinking mainly contains intuition, association and space imagination of micro - particle

    通過調查問卷、能力測試等途徑，結合教師在中學化學的教學實踐和學生在分析、解決問題的實際需要，採用定性與定量結合的方法，進行實證研究，得出結論：化學學科能力的19種表現形式歸納為3個層次：最基礎的再造性思維能力層次包括對化學事實和化學反應中量的關系的識別和判斷、對化學基礎知識的比較概括；以培養創新能力為核心的創造性思維層次包括化學直覺思維、聯想、對微觀粒子的空間想象為主的非邏輯思維和靈活運用已學的化學知識通過分析、綜合地解決問題為主的邏輯思維；化學實驗能力層次是化學學科能力的最高層次，它以思維能力為基礎，集中體現了化學教學的基本特徵，實驗能力層次包括：選用實驗方法和設計實驗方案，對實驗的評價，研究和處理實驗事實、資料、數據，發現規律，表達實驗及其結果，最終解決問題的能力和發散思維。
  4. With the development of the network and the multi - processor system, the research, simulation and the impemeni of the system - level fault diagnosis which is the very important means to increase the reliability of the system, are becoming more and more important. on the system - leve1 fault diagnosis, based on the group theory of system - level fault diagnosis that has been put forward by pro f zhang, the paper constructs newly the theory bases, improves on the matrix method, reinforces and consummates group arithmetic of all kinds of test mode, for the first time, analyses and discusses the equation solution of all kinds of models, so al1 the consistent fault patterns ( cfp ) could be found, straightly and high efficiently, even if the sufficient and necessary condition of t - diagnosable is dissatisfied and the complexity of system - level fault diagnosis is greatly decreased, especialy in strong t - diagnosabl6 system. last the simulation system ' s function has been extended and the application hotspot and the development trend have been disscussed

    本人在張大方教授等人提出的基於集團的系統級故障診斷的理論基礎上，重新構建了系統級故障診斷的理論基礎，定義了系統級故障診斷測試模型的三值表示；改進了系統級故障診斷的矩陣方法，重新定義了測試矩陣、鄰接矩陣、結點對、結點對的相連運算、極大準集團和斜加矩陣，由此能直觀、簡便地生成集團和極大獨立點集；補充和完善了各類測試模型的系統級故障診斷的集團演算法，通過定義集團測試邊和絕對故障集，簡化了集團診斷圖，由此能較易地找到所有的相容故障模式，即使不滿足t -可診斷性，大大減少了系統級故障診斷的復雜度，尤其是對強t -可診斷系統；首次分析探討了各類測試模型的方程解決，由此從另一角度能系統地、高效率地求出所有的相容故障模式（ cfp ） ：擴充了系統級故障診斷模擬系統的功能，快速、直觀和隨機地模擬實驗運行環境，進行清晰和正確的診斷，同時提供大量的實驗數據用於理論研究，優化演算法和設計。
  5. Through summarization for complicated geohydrology and engineering geology condition of research area, the non - stability 3 - dimension flow model of ground water and land subsidence model were established in this thesis. the coupled models of ground water and land subsidence were combined with a large series of water level observation and land subsidence information to debug the parameters and ascertain the models

    兩者通過含水層的水位內在聯系耦合在一起，並根據研究區水文地質條件及抽水試驗資料，結合大量的水位觀測序列資料及地面沉降觀測資料對模型進行調參，標定地下熱水運移的三維有限元數值模型，所建模型可以對地下水水位及地面沉降同時進行模擬預測。
  6. According to the guidline, two nd : yag lasers have been designed and set up, one is end - pumped by lower output power ld using a selfoc micro lens, and the other is end - pumped by high output power ld using a pair of lenses are designed, and the characteristics such as output power and power stabilization of both solid - state lasers are investigated. thirdly, when an empty liquid crystal cell is inserted in the cavity of the nd : yag laser pumped by high power ld, the laser can operates in single axial mode. finally, according to the relationship between the laser output power and the longnitudinal a ld - end - pumped nd : yag laser sensor for displacement measurement has been investigated theoretically and demonstrated experimently, the results indicate that when the mean radius of pumping inside the laser cavity is far less than that of the oscilating laser mode, the exponential of the output power is a gauss function of the longitudinal positon of focused spot of ld pumping beam, both the measurement range and the sensitivity are dependent on the incident pumping power, as the incident pumping power is increased, the measurement range is enlarged and the sensitivity is improve d

    本文首先介紹了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的發展狀況、主要特性及其應用，從四能級速率方程出發，推導了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的閾值、輸出功率和斜效率的表達式，並簡述了激光器的工作原理、結構型式和倍頻方法；其次，以空間相關的速率方程為基礎，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光器的設計方法，給出了一定泵浦耦合方式下，振蕩光模尺寸、最佳輸出耦合率、泵浦光模尺寸、泵浦光焦斑位置等參數的選取依據，以此為依據，設計了自聚焦透鏡耦合小功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器和透鏡組耦合高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器，對激光器的輸出功率和功率穩定性等特性進行了實驗研究；再次，在帶尾纖輸出的高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光腔內插入一隻空液晶盒，觀察到了激光器以單縱模運轉；最後，根據泵浦光焦斑端面位置對激光輸出功率的影響規律，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光位移傳感新方法，並進行了理論和實驗研究，研究結果表明：當激光晶體內泵浦光平均光斑半徑遠小於振西安理工大學碩士學位論文蕩光束腰半徑時，激光輸出功率的自然指數與泵浦光焦斑的縱向位置成高斯變化規律，測量范圍和靈敏度依賴于泵浦功率，隨著泵浦功率的增加，測量范圍擴大，靈敏度提高，當端面泵浦功率為7 . 24w （最大輸出功率為1 . 926w ）時，激光位移傳感器的測量范圍和靈敏度分別是13 . 045mm和0 . 148mw / pm 。
  7. _ _ _ _ uncertain factors of macroscale inversion analysis of displacements are summed up. associated inversion model containing non - deterministic factors is proposed, i. e. " deterministic inversion of differential equation + systematic optimization technique = non - deterministic inversion ". the systematic optimization technique includes direct operator optimization, direct numerical analysis optimization, measurement design optimization, measured data processing, in - ersion algorithm optimization, and inverse operator regularization, etc. when this associated inversion technique is used in displacements back analysis, uncertain factors can be processed quantitatively

    歸納了宏觀尺度位移反演分析的不確定性因素，提出了容納不確定性因素的位移反演分析的聯合反演模式，即「微分方程確定性反演+系統性優化技術=非確定性反演」的模式，並具體論述了聯合反演模式的系統性優化技術，包括正演運算元的優化、正演數值分析的優化、測量設計優化、觀測數據處理、反演演算法優化、反演運算元處理等六個優化方法。
  8. The principle of the neural network models is different from that of the real - time running models. the latter is designed on the engine running, so the effect of the control strategy on engine performance can be observed clearly. while the former works out the solution directly from the testing data, avoiding the complex calculation procedure

    神經網路模型與實時運轉模型的構成原理不同，實時模型以發動機運轉機理為設計依據，使于充分觀測控制策略對發動機各種性能指標的影響；而神經網路模型是根據己有的試驗數據進行直接推理，可避免大量的簡化、推導、求解過程，對于諸多機理繁復的發動機變量而言是一極佳的求解方案，因此就更全面的進行電控系統的調試評估考慮，兩種模型有著良好的互補性。
  9. According to the geological data which was gained by exploration investigation, establishing a geological model which can reflect rock mass characteristics ; with analyzing the internal and exterior factors synthetically, the deformation and possible failure mechanism and mode of the cut slopes was confirmed which combines with stereoic projection and other techniques ; the stabilities of the 14 high slopes are estimated synthetically by applicable design codes and guidelines. with the estimate result and some other analysis methods, the rock mass mechanical parameters of slope are identified ; as a results, 14 high slopes fall into 4 categories based on rockmass characteristics and discontinuities. the stability and deformation of some typical slopes was analyzed with distinct element method by udec ; the safety factor of some dangerous slopes are calculated by rigid limiting equilibrium method for comparison

    首先著重研究影響邊坡穩定性的內在因素，主要是通過地質勘探、測量、現場觀測等手段取得研究區地質體的基礎地質資料，建立起能夠反映地質體結構特徵的地質模型;隨后綜合分析潛在的內外部影響因素，並結合赤平投影對邊坡可能的失穩模式或破壞機製作出判斷;運用已有巖體質量分類方法對沿線14個高陡邊坡穩定性進行初步的評價，並結合試驗研究、經驗判斷、工程類比等手段確定了坡體的巖體力學參數;根據穩定性初步評價結果將研究區14個高陡邊坡按開挖方式分為4大類，並利用離散元程序udec對各類典型高陡邊坡進行了穩定性計算分析;對潛在危險邊坡利用剛體極限平衡法求出了不同工況下的安全系數。
  10. Observations obtained from overseas sources as well as from local networks are decoded and quality - checked for doubtful or erroneous data. short - range forecast fields i. e. 3 - hour forecast from 20 - km inner model and 6 - hour forecast from 60 - km outer model from the previous model run are used as first - guess or background in assimilating the latest observational data. objective analyses are then carried out and currently a three - dimensional optimal interpolation method is used to prepare the initial fields for the model forecast

    天文臺從海外及本地網路取得觀測資料，經過譯碼后，便會進行質量控制檢查，把可疑和錯誤的數據剔除，然後利用上一次模式運行所得出的短期預報場，即20公里內模式的3小時預報及60公裡外模式的6小時預報，作為初估背景場，再注入最新觀測數據，進行客觀分析，以得出模式預報的初始場。
  11. With the use of new mcu p87c591, as the techiniques of serial communication and negative display of lcd, the dashboard has a very beautiful apearence and the system is simplified. not only the analogy signal and the pulse signal can be sampled into the instrument, but also the datum on the can - bus should be transferred into the system whit the connection to the in - vechile network. under the guindance of the idea of " informatic design ", the digital lcd dashboard system is developed, and the professional manufacturer of lcd display device is directed to develop and to design the special lcd module, by which the new lcd production is greatly optimized. all these intentions bing about a very well goal

    在研製數字液晶儀表過程中，應用了新型單片機p87c591 、串口驅動技術和負顯技術，使該數字液晶組合儀表結構簡單，視覺美觀，既可以通過模擬通道、數字通道測量車輛傳感器的信號，又具備接入車輛總線、從can總線上獲得相關數據的能力。在項目開發過程中，運用「信息化設計」的觀點開展液晶顯示模塊的開發和設計工作；並根據軟體工程的原則，優化了液晶模塊的電路設計，使該項產品的開發取得了好的效果。
  12. The research of system makes the observational information of tongbo dam realize standardization manage, tidy up and analyze the information quickly and exact, give the environmental physics number and diagnostic numer of displacement, stress and seepage, build the mathematical model of each observational information, evaluate the working modality of the dam, thereby ensure safe working of the dam

    系統的研製使桐柏抽水蓄能電站的觀測資料實現規范化管理，快速、準確地整理、分析觀測數據，給出環境物理量及位移、應力和滲流等觀測效應量的特徵值，建立各觀測效應量的數學模型，分析評估大壩的工作形態，從而保證大壩的安全運行。
  13. This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

    本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。
  14. Carrying through the simulation experiment on system model by the technology of data collecting and statistics analysing, imitating the running process of the system, observing the system state variableness dynamic regulation with the time change, estimating the reality parameter of the system and measuring the system performance, which will provide evidence for assistant decision

    利用數據採集處理和統計分析技術，對該模型進行模擬實驗，以模仿系統的運行過程，觀察系統狀態變量隨時間變化的動態規律性，並據此推斷和估計系統的真實參數和性能測度，為輔助決策提供依據。
  15. An on - line minimum - variance estimator was developed for thrust acceleration applied to orbit transfer using discrete - time radar measurements. the mass - flow - rate of propellant was selected as a state variant, which was estimated by employing an integral state model and ekf filter. the variation equations for measurement vector to mass - flow - rate have been established to linearize the discrete - time measurement equations. the algorithm has applied successfully to maneuver process in commanding satellite into geo - stationary orbit. the results show that the algorithm developed here can monitor and determine whether engine works well or failure precisely and quickly during orbit transfer process

    飛行器軌道機動過程中，為跟蹤、定位機動目標和干預機動控制過程，需要統計處理離散的雷達觀測量實時估計推進發動機的推力，進而確定飛行器的瞬時軌道參數.本文所述演算法是該工程問題的探討和解決方案.文章建立了軌道機動過程中連續變質量運動模型和離散雷達量測模型，推進發動機的質量秒耗量作為表徵推力加速度的一個近似常量，應用擴展卡爾曼濾波對離散的雷達測量數據進行順序統計處理給出秒耗量的最小方差估計;文章詳細地推導了線性化量測模型的變分方程和觀測矩陣;模擬結果表明該演算法能快速、準確地估計推進發動機的質量秒耗量和向機動目標施加的實際推力
  16. The paper has made detailed observation by the existing apparatus and the field observation stations. based on the image and the vector database of the yutian oasis, the study has obtained the precise coordinates of investigation points by gps technique, and overlapped them with the images. after classifying the images with the maximum likelihood supervised classification method, we import the result into cis software, and analyze the yutian oasis changes about land cover " s quantity, quality and spatial position from 1976 to 2001

    本文利用現有儀器設備和野外觀測網站進行詳細觀測，在建立於田綠洲圖像庫和矢量數據庫的基礎上，運用gps技術取得野外考察樣點的精確坐標並與研究區各時期影像疊加，對影像進行了最大似然法監督分類，並將分類結果轉入gis軟體處理，全面分析了1976年至2001年該綠洲的土地覆蓋類型數量、質量與空間上的變化。
  17. Refined grids were utilized in a large - eddy simulation model for obtaining high - resolution planetary boundary data and analyzing surface layer turbulence. simulation results showed that refined meshes reduced turbulent contributions of subgrid scales, sensitivity of simulation results to sgs parameters decreased, and features of the whole boundary layer were explicitly resolved better. results also revealed flux - profile relationship correctly in surface layer and a good agreement of turbulent velocity characters with observation. therefore, it concluded that the les method was able for simulation of surface layer flow and turbulence, and might be used for further applications

    採用加密網格的大渦模式獲取邊界層風溫場的高解析度模擬結果，並據以分析近地面層大氣的湍流特性。結果表明，較小的網格尺度使次網格湍流貢獻率大為降低，模式計算結果對次網格參數的依賴性減小，邊界層整體特徵得到更好的反映。同時，模擬出的近地面層通量廓線關系及湍流速度特徵與實際觀測結果吻合甚好，表明模式具有反映近地面層平均運動和湍流特性的能力。
  18. The sprt was used to test error residual matrix between estimated matrix and measured matrix. based on the test result, it need to validate single parameter if necessary. finally, the on - line run status of the system and its parameters that whether natural or not are judged through these processes

    通過鍋爐專家制定的試驗設計方案得到了有效的實驗數據，利用最值模型以及向量排序模型篩選出記憶矩陣，然後通過記憶矩陣對觀測矩陣進行實時訓練得到預測矩陣，再利用sprt方法對預測矩陣與觀測矩陣的殘差矩陣進行檢驗，對檢驗結果判斷，如有必要需對單參數進行驗證，最終通過這個過程判斷出系統及各個參數在線運行的穩定性。
  19. Use the magnetic vector for the observation information, the paper estimate the location and rate of the satellite, analysis of simulation results and the sources of error. to further enhance navigation accuracy, the paper study the unscented kalman filter, compare with the extend kalman filter. in the same initial conditions of the extend kalman filter, we do the simulation

    其次，基於磁環境模擬系統的測量數據，本文研究了擴展卡爾曼濾波演算法，建立了衛星的運動學和動力學方程，以地磁場矢量為觀測信息，對衛星位置速度進行了估計，並分析了模擬結果及誤差來源，為了進一步提高導航精度，本文又研究了unscented卡爾曼濾波演算法，給出了原理及步驟，並與擴展卡爾曼濾波進行了比較分析。
  20. In this paper, we study a new method of automatic detection of target course - altering maneuvers based on a linear measurable function of bearings varying with time when the target travels on a straight line at a constant speed

    摘要根據觀測器目標保持勻速直線運動時目標方位隨時間線性變化的一種可量測函數，研究了一種檢測目標轉向機動的新方法。
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