過失的起源 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [guòshīdeqǐyuán]
過失的起源 英文
tzu
  • 過 : 過Ⅰ動詞[口語] （超越） go beyond the limit; undue; excessiveⅡ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 起 : 起Ⅰ動詞1 （站起; 坐起） rise; get up; stand up 2 （取出; 取走） draw out; remove; extract; pull 3...
  • 源 : 名詞1. （水流起頭的地方） source （of a river）; fountainhead 2. （來源） source; cause 3. （姓氏） a surname
  • 過失 : 1 （因疏忽而犯的錯誤） fault; slip; error; misconduct; culpa; mistake; blunder 2 [法律] unpremedi...
  • 起源 : 1 （根源） origin; beginning; derivation; rise in 2 （開始發生） originate from; originate in; st...
  1. This article consists of five parts as following : mortgage of uncompleted building was originated from the common law and the law of hong kong, so the paper probes into its meaning - the transformation of the specific property right ; when the debtor fails to perform his duty, the creditor can obtain the title determinately ; the debtor enjoys the right of redeeming the collateral security through fulfilling his debt, the creditor has the obligation of returning the property at the same time. secondly, the author summaries its essential feature on the practice of the real estate mortgage hi the mainland of china - the target of the mortgage is a kind of expective interest ; the mortgage is a kind of guarantee which is settled through making over the interests in expectancy ; the risk of the mortgaged uncompleted building should be borne by the realty company instead of the mortgagor ; the phase of the mortgage ; mortgage is realized in a particular way. thirdly, on the basis of analyzing the legal nexus that is involved, the paper points out that the legal ne xus of the mortgage is just between the mortgagor and the mortgagee

    樓花按揭作為一種擔保方式起源於英美法上的mortgage ，所以本文第一部分首先探討了mortgage在英美法上的含義：特定財產權利的轉移；在債務人不履行債務時，債權人可以確定地取得所有權；債務人享有通過履行債務而贖回擔保物的權利，同時債權人負有交還財產的義務。其次，就我國的樓花按揭實踐總結了其基本特徵：樓花按揭涉及兩個合同三方當事人；樓花按揭的標的是一種期待性利益；樓花按揭是通過轉讓物業權益而設定的一種擔保方式；預售樓花滅失的風險應有開發商承擔；樓花按揭的階段性；樓花按揭實現方式的特殊性。最後，分析了樓花按揭所牽涉的各個法律關系，認為真正的樓花按揭法律關系只是購房人與銀行之間的按揭貸款關系，按揭當事人只有購房人（按揭人）與銀行。
  2. The origins of this system of medicine are lost in the hoary past, and the body of knowledge that comes under the heading ayurveda constitutes ideas about diseases, diagnosis and cure, which have been accumulated over the ages past

    這種醫學體系的起源在久遠的過去已經丟失，歸入阿育吠陀的知識主體是由疾病、論斷和治療等思想組成，比過去的年代積聚的還要多。
  3. In the final part, from the company strategy viewpoint the further discussions have made to indicate the importance of better understanding and management of information from cash flow statement an alysis. in author ' s opinion, a good understanding and management of information from the cash flow statement analysis make it possible for a company to better use and manage the cash resource, improve the conventional accounting report analysis system and prevent the false accounting information in order to achieve an effective and successful management in the company ' s operating, accounting and long term strategy

    筆者認為，通過對現金流量表的深入透徹的理論分析和實證研究，能夠全面了解和掌握作為企業經營活動血液的現金的來源和運用狀況，把企業的經營狀況、財務狀況、戰略管理狀況同企業的現金流量緊密的聯系起來，同時對于完善傳統的財務報表分析體系，防止會計信息失真以及充分發揮現金流量管理在企業管理中的重要作用都有積極意義。
  4. In common law countries it has developed from nuisance, in civil law countries, environmental tort law has been established from immersion in germany

    英美法系國家的環境侵權法主要從妨害行為法發展形成的。日本的環境侵權法律制度則是起源於公害的無過失責任制度。
  5. In combination with the rapid development of highway construction and the present severe situation of tilled land and land resource, effects on economy, society and resource produced by highway construction are approached from three different angels : the improvement to the economy and society development, the peculiarities and the severity of occupation of land resource and the bad effects on land use caused by soil and water loss, thus arousing the people to pay high attention to the occupation of land resource in highway construction. a method of cost - benefit analysis is approached to evaluate the economic rationality of occupation of land in highway construction and the social benefits produced by highway construction are analyzed qualitatively ; at last, these methods are tested and verified through a concrete engineering in yangling agricultural hi - tech demonstrational zone and effective technological and systematic measures are put forward in order to settle the problem onto a compatibly developmental path

    本研究從公路建設迅速發展的實際和土地、耕地資源面臨的嚴峻形勢著手，在實地調研的基礎上，結合相關的文獻和資料，從公路建設對經濟、社會發展的促進作用，公路建設佔用土地資源的特點，公路建設造成的水土流失對土地資源利用的危害等三個方面系統地分析總結了公路建設活動對經濟、社會與資源的影響，以引起社會各界對公路建設與土地資源佔用問題的重視；用成本-效益分析法對公路建設佔用土地資源的經濟合理性進行評價，並對公路建設佔地的社會效益進行分析，通過楊凌農業高新技術產業示範區三路一橋工程驗證它們的實用性。
  6. The reasons of small town ’ s liability have three aspects. the first reason is that there are various reasons forming the debt ? ? slowly development of economy result in deficiency of capital, and the randomness and nonstandard expenditure cause serious waste. the second, the rigidity financial expenditure spends in wage, education, road, irrigation construct and rising in payment, and the asymmetric bread between financial power and working power in management system

    鄉鎮債務形成的原因多種多樣，客觀分析起來，鄉鎮債務形成的原因多種多樣，既有經濟發展緩慢導致鄉鎮財源不足，也有開支的隨意性和不規范導致浪費嚴重;既有工資、教育、道路、水利建設和加薪等剛性財政支出過大，也有財政管理體制方面財權和事權的不對稱留下的缺口;既有投資決策失誤背上包袱及其他歷史遺留問題，也有鄉鎮機構臃腫、冗員過多增加開支的因素。
  7. This is the other main reason for the overpressure in kuche depression to be preserved. we analyzed the effect of fracture in the gas deposit formation and hold that different kinds of fracture have different effect : hydrocarbon dissipation and relief effect of crossing salt bed faults that run through source rock, reservoir, and caprock ; filling effect of under salt bed faults that run through source rock and reservoir ; slippage faults that did not connect source rock have no effect to hydrocarbon accumulation and dissipation ; adjusting faults in reservoir have effect of adjusting formations for hydrocarbon distribution

    分析了斷裂在天然氣成藏中的作用，認為不同類型的斷裂在天然氣成藏過程中的作用是不同的：貫通生、儲、蓋層的穿鹽斷層對油氣散失和泄壓作用；貫通源巖和儲層的鹽下斷層對抽氣運聚的充注作用；不連接源巖的滑脫斷層對油氣聚散無作用；儲層內調整斷層對油氣分佈起調整層位作用。
  8. As mineral exploration and exploitation laying particular stress on coal resources, it made the structure of mineral exploration and exploitation out of balance and depressed the efficiency. lower production level mak ' ing mineral resources overexploited, precious reserve wasted and the fragile environment polluted

    由於太原市的礦產開發長期偏重於煤炭生產，且礦業是一種「粗放式」的經營模式，科技和管理水平落後，形成了礦產資源開發結構失衡、經濟效益低下的局面，造成資源過量開采、引起資源浪費、生態環境污染嚴重等問題。
  9. Over - irrigation not only wastes water but could result in leaching of fertilizer ( primarily n ) below the root zone

    過量灌溉不僅浪費水資源而且還可能引起肥料向根區以下的淋失（主要是氮素） 。
  10. After the study and research on the village housing conditions in jiangsu and western zhejiang province, this article analyses and discusses on what the villages has gained in this kind of change and what has been lost, and believes due to the influence of the negative metropolis elements, the village is sacrificing the nature, the ecology, the local construction, and the traditional folk culture, which are the main sources of sustainable development of the chinese villages

    認為鄉村受負都市元素的影響正在失去包括自然、生態、鄉土建築、傳統風俗文化在內的中國鄉村可持續發展的資源，論述了鄉村現代化過程中的避免都市化的重要性，緊迫性。透過鄉村居住狀態都市化傾向的表象，去挖掘其背後的深層原因，從社會、經濟、文化、建築等角度分析現代鄉村居住狀態都市化的起因和後果。
  11. In part in, the author studies the obligation - blinding mechanism to the trustees, which is the core of governance structure of fund, pointing out that one of the main reason for the serious abnormality of current funds is the lacking of duty performance of the trustees. though it is hand to set up an effective obligation - binding mechanism to the trustees under the chinese current legal system, we can learn from britain and the u ? s ? a. in part iv, the author studies the mechanism of balance inside the governance structure of funds, that is the supervision mechanism of trustors and the balance mechanism of fund - holders, then puts forward that strengthening the balance mechanism inside the funds is an important step to establish an effective governance structure of found ; further more, to deal with the problems in the two mechanisms the author makes some suggestion about perfecting the mechanism of balance inside the fund in china

    本文共分四個部分，第一部分通過對信託制基金本質和特點的分析，指出了架構信託制基金治理結構的必要性，並闡述了架構我國基金治理結構應遵循的基本原則；第二部分對架構信託制基金治理結構的基礎，也就是信託制基金的組織結構進行了研究，認為我國基金組織結構存在較大缺陷，但現存基金組織結構的立法模式也不適宜我國照搬照抄，而自益信託、共同信託才是我國信託制基金組織結構的應然選擇；第三部分對基金治理結構的核心問題，即基金管理人的義務約束機制進行了研究，指出：我國目前存在的基金行為異化現象嚴重的主要根源之一就是基金管理人義務的缺失；但在我國現行法律制度框架內無法架構起有效規制管理人的義務機制，而英美法對基金管理人的受信人義務的規定值得我們借鑒；第四部分對基金治理結構的內部監控機制，即基金託管人的監督機制和基金持有人的制衡機制進行了研究，指出：強化基金內部監控機制是架構有效的基金治理結構的重要一環；並針對我國這方面機制存在的問題提出了完善我國基金內部監控機制的建議。
  12. The current and rapid loss of tropical hardwoods in many regions due to high commercial demand, low rates of successful replacement, and the long periods of growth necessary to produce new, marketable resources has raised concern about over - exploitation of some species, such as rosewood, although none of the trees are known to have been driven to extinction

    盡管當前還沒有一種樹木已經滅絕，但是在許多地區熱帶闊葉林的快速消失是由於高經濟需求、低比例的有效補充和必需品的長期增長，要求產生新的市場化的資源所引起的對某些物種的過度開采，例如紅木。
  13. It was first posed by yelin, a famous german jurist in 1861 when he published an article, " fault in concluding a treaty : the compensatory responsibility of invalid contract and untenable contract " in the fourth issue of " annals of yelin ' s science of law, " whose chief editor was himself. in this article he systematically and deeply analyzed t he theory of responsibility for fault in concluding a treaty. he thought that under the condition that the contract is invalid or untenable, we should resolve issues according to contract law

    締約過失責任理論起源於羅馬法的誠信訴訟和誠信契約，最早由德國著名法學家耶林於1861年在其主編的《耶林法學年報》第4期上發表的《締約上過失：契約無效與不成立之賠償責任》一文中對締約過失責任作了系統而深入的分析，認為在契約無效或不成立情況下，應依合同法來解決，從而推翻了實證法學的無契約即無責任立論，被譽為「法學上的發現」 。
  14. Fried man p ， stevenson w g ， bittl j ， et al. left main coronaryartery occlusion during radiofrequency catheter ablation of idio2athic outflow treat ventrcular tachycardia j. p a ce ， 1997 ， 20 ： 1 184

    馬堅，王方正，余培禎，等.射頻消融治療起源於左室流出道的非持續性室性心動過速和頻發性室性早搏j .中華心律失常學雜志， 1999 ， 3 （ 2 ） 126 - 1296
  15. For the purpose of demonstrating the ups and downs of the assumption risk doctrine, this article explores the origin of the doctrine, illustrates its various types and analyzes the impact of comparative negligence on it

    以自願承受風險原則的發展歷程為線索，對自願承受風險的起源與發展、自願承受風險的各種形態以及比較過失制度對自願承受風險的影響進行介紹與評析，揭示了自願承受風險原則在美國侵權法中所經歷的沉浮與變遷。
  16. A new aerodynamic design system developed by authors for draft fan with enhanced efficiency, suppressed noise, enlarged flux and high load. the new design system features : a twist regulation for vortex control is employed in designing to lessen the secondary flow loss in the blade tip and hub ; the feasibility and high efficiency of this procedure has been verified by the tests of the prototype fan ; a new computer - aided 3d blading is used to optimize the blade ; numerical inverse checking is adopted to enhance accuracy in designing and cut down the period of the designing and production. this design system can make the optimized blade with " forward inclination ", " inclining sweep ", " bending sweep ", to minimize the various secondary flow losses, to expand the steady working range of the fan, and to suppress the aerodynamic noise source

    本文通過對一種新型高性能礦用局部通風機的設計、製造及試驗全過程的綜述，展現了新的先進設計體系在民用通風機上的成功運用，其研製特點是： （ 1 ）在葉片氣動設計中為了降低葉根及葉尖區二次流損失，採用可控渦扭向規律設計，樣機實測的高性能驗證了這種方法的可行性和高效性； （ 2 ）在設計方法中採用較精確的數值反驗算，獲取最優設計方案，大大提高設計的準確性和成功率，並縮短了設計試制周期； （ 3 ）在設計過程中發展了計算機輔助三維葉片造型新方法，可以根據設計需要簡便快捷地對葉片進行「前傾」 、 「傾掠」或「彎掠」造型，這些造型對減小各種二次流損失、擴大穩定工況范圍和控制葉輪機氣動噪聲源起到了非常好的作用。
  17. Abstract : a new aerodynamic design system developed by authors for draft fan with enhanced efficiency, suppressed noise, enlarged flux and high load. the new design system features : a twist regulation for vortex control is employed in designing to lessen the secondary flow loss in the blade tip and hub ; the feasibility and high efficiency of this procedure has been verified by the tests of the prototype fan ; a new computer - aided 3d blading is used to optimize the blade ; numerical inverse checking is adopted to enhance accuracy in designing and cut down the period of the designing and production. this design system can make the optimized blade with " forward inclination ", " inclining sweep ", " bending sweep ", to minimize the various secondary flow losses, to expand the steady working range of the fan, and to suppress the aerodynamic noise source

    文摘:本文通過對一種新型高性能礦用局部通風機的設計、製造及試驗全過程的綜述，展現了新的先進設計體系在民用通風機上的成功運用，其研製特點是： （ 1 ）在葉片氣動設計中為了降低葉根及葉尖區二次流損失，採用可控渦扭向規律設計，樣機實測的高性能驗證了這種方法的可行性和高效性； （ 2 ）在設計方法中採用較精確的數值反驗算，獲取最優設計方案，大大提高設計的準確性和成功率，並縮短了設計試制周期； （ 3 ）在設計過程中發展了計算機輔助三維葉片造型新方法，可以根據設計需要簡便快捷地對葉片進行「前傾」 、 「傾掠」或「彎掠」造型，這些造型對減小各種二次流損失、擴大穩定工況范圍和控制葉輪機氣動噪聲源起到了非常好的作用。
  18. First, it leads to unproductive collocation of resources, covering direct investments and the relevant opportunity cost ; second, the rent - seeking part can establish monopolistic status if the deal succeed, which will then causes damage to social benefits and brings x - inefficiency ; what ' s more, rent seeking of firms leads to consumers " rent avoiding, and consequently, the firms will set to seek rent in a second circle just in order to protect their monopolistic status already established, circle by circle, the multiplying - effect will surely cause serious waste of social resources

    首先，租金交易導致資源的非生產性配置，這不僅包括尋租過程中資源的直接耗費，而且包括這些資源的機會成本;其次，租金交易成功，尋租人得以建立壟斷地位，壟斷進而引起社會福利損失和x非效率;再次，企業尋租引發消費者的避租行為，然後，企業將為維護壟斷地位開始新一輪的尋租活動，如此循環往復，這種乘數效應必然導致社會資源的嚴重浪費
  19. In the country that gave the world the word " karoshi, " or death from overwork, drowsy employees turning up late, taking days off or struggling to stay awake on the job are causing economic losses of some 30 billion a year, according to a survey

    「過勞死」一詞來源於日本，即工作過度引起的死亡。據調查，昏昏欲睡的員工上班遲到請假或工作時強打精神，給日本造成的經濟損失達到一年約300億美元。
  20. Active devices control the failure characteristic of gaas mmic ， the passive devices are very significant in the sense that they are responsible for the early failure of the circuits, but it can be eliminate by improve the technology or by screening

    有源元件控制著gaasmmic的失效特徵，但在早期失效中，無源元件的失效起主要作用，可通過改進工藝和工藝篩選加以剔除。
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