過時特別費 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [guòshítèbiébì]
過時特別費 英文
late fee
  • 過 : 過Ⅰ動詞[口語] （超越） go beyond the limit; undue; excessiveⅡ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 時 : shí］Ⅰ名1 （比較長的一段時間）time; times; days:當時at that time; in those days; 古時 ancient tim...
  • 特 : Ⅰ形容詞（特殊; 超出一般） particular; special; exceptional; unusual Ⅱ副詞1 （特別） especially; v...
  • 別 : 別動詞[方言] （改變） change （sb. 's opinion）
  • 費 : Ⅰ名詞1 （費用） fee; expense; expenditure; dues; charge 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（花費; 耗費） ...
  • 過時 : 1 （陳舊不合時宜） out of date; outmoded; obsolete; antiquated; out of fashion 2 （錯過規定的時間...
  • 特別費 : specific cost
  • 特別 : 1 （與眾不同） special; unusual; particular; out of the ordinary 2 （格外） especially; particula...
  1. But this additional food is only obtained by a great additional amount of labour ; so that not only an agricultural has much less leisure than a pastoral population, but, with the imperfect tools and unskillful processes which are for a long time employed ( and which over the greater part of the earth have not even yet been abandoned ), agriculturists do not, unless in unusually advantageous circumstances of climate and soil, produce so great a surplus of food, beyond their necessary consumption, as to support any large class of labourers engaged in other departments of industry

    但是只有靠大量增加勞動，才能生產出更多的糧食，因此不僅農業人口比起遊牧人口來說空閑時間要少得多，而且由於長期使用不完善的工具和不熟練的技藝（在世界上很大一部分地區直到現在仍是這樣） ，除了在氣候和土壤特別有利的情況下，農民們生產不出超過自身消費量很多的余糧，因而供養不了大群從事其他產業的勞動者。
  2. The simple story is in the world of the animation is an absolute main factor, a complicated story details turns and twists confusing link for see an animation of the audience is a tremendous burden, the market need that is in present the top interest has already replaced a traditional story to spread chen, at this interest in command age how expressed a plot to become the most important topic with the simple story, very clearly, advertise from the film of the way can feel what kind of the topic just is the need of the consumer, passed by high cost to create greatly of the advertisement mode has already not been reseen this several years, take but the generation is a film to have many interests much play, this be the typical simple story description complicated plot, give examples to say : the movie “ shrike ” is a very typical example, pure of save a princess of plot, continuously of pound at audience by the plot of " be contrary with traditional thinking " of thinking mode, i still remember at that time see that slice through behind appear details of hear the public discussion interest continuously, but hear half personal say this drama of story have much good, in fact such manuscript was the best animation manuscript, letting the audience acquire they want of plot but don ' t be pack with complicated story, this just is the animation dramatize of the tallest state, because of would like to spend money to enter into theater or spend money to purchase dvd consumer, all is want to open happy heart ' s appreciating film bear, have no burden, also be spend money to buy happy, want to remind specially of " the writing animation manuscript not is write to personal satisfy own creations desire but is face all appreciate of crowd "

    在動畫的世界里簡單的故事是絕對的要素，一個復雜的故事情節曲折迷離的環節對于看動畫的觀眾是一項極大的負擔，在現今的市場需求上趣味已經取代了傳統的故事鋪陳，在這個趣味掛帥的年代怎麼樣用簡單的故事來表現劇情變成了最重要的課題，很明確地，從影片廣告的方式可以感受到什麼樣的主題才是消費者的需求，過去高成本大製作的廣告模式這幾年已不復見，取而代之的是影片有多趣味多好玩，這就是典型的簡單故事描述復雜的劇情，舉例來說：電影史瑞克就是一個很典型的例子，單純的救公主的劇情，不斷的以「與傳統思維相反」的劇情沖擊著觀眾的思考模式，我還記得當時看完該片后出場不斷的聽到眾人討論趣味的情節，但是卻沒有聽到半個人說這部戲的故事有多棒，其實這樣的劇本就是最好的動畫劇本，讓觀眾獲得他們想要的劇情卻不以復雜的故事包裝，這才是動畫編劇的最高境界，因為願意花錢進到戲院或是花錢購買dvd的消費者，都是想開開心心的觀賞影片沒有負擔、沒有包袱，也就是花錢買開心，特別要提醒的「寫作動畫劇本並不是寫給個人滿足自己的創作慾望而是面對所有欣賞的人群」 。
  3. The content of each part follow as : in the first chapter, as start point and base of the paper, this part focuses on the basic study of definition characteristic of no, and the existing base of no - e - commerce environment ; in the second one, this part studies the theory base of no comprehensively applying the theories of core competence competent strategy and transaction cost ; chapter three studies the no from the coordination of no, and gives the structure clarification and characteristic of no firstly, at the same time, put forward the concept of virtual enterprise cluster ; based on such conclusion, studies the model of no from life cyc organization level process and value chain, and operational mode ; in chapter four, a theoretical explanation was addressed on the above structure by modeling no with game theory and graphic theory ; in the fifth chapter, on the bases of analysis of no operational risks, coordination mechanism of no was studied by individually modeling the no without core and no with core, and then put forward the solution for coordination mechanism of no ; as an important component of coordination mechanism of no, chapter six explored some basic concept of trust and importantly put forward the way of how to build trust in no, especially investigated the supporting function of valid reputation mechanism of no for the trust building, importantly an operational method on building reputation mechanism and evaluation method in no were given ; the last chapter applied the conclusion of the paper to investigate the famous trade web - sunbu. com analyzed its shortcoming and gave the advices of developing

    全文共分為七章，主要內容如下：第一章作為全文的理論出發點和基礎，圍繞網路組織的定義、特徵以及網路組織生存基礎- -電子商務環境等方面對網路組織的基本概念進行了闡述；第二章綜合運用核心能力、競爭戰略和交易費用理論對網路組織產生的理論基礎進行闡述；第三章首先從組織協調的角度對網路組織進行了研究，給出了網路組織的結構，分類和特徵，同時並給出了虛擬企業群簇；然後在此基礎上分別研究了網路組織的生命周期模型、層次模型、過程模型、價值鏈模型，以及運行模式；第四章綜合運用博弈論、圖論的相關知識，通過構建網路組織的模型，對上一章所研究的網路組織結構的形成機理給出了一種理論解釋；第五章在分析網路組織運行風險的基礎上，分別建立無盟主網路組織的博弈論模型和有盟主網路組織的博弈論模型，詳細研究了網路組織的協調機制，然後給出了網路組織協調機制的解決方案；第六章作為網路組織協調機制的重要組成部分，本章在討論了網路組織中建立信任機制的必要性的基礎上，研究了網路組織信任關系的類型，提出了在網路組織中如何建立信任機制。
  4. Powerformer is a new high voltage generator ， which use xlpe cable as stator winding instead of rectangular conductor bars ， thereby it overcome the shortcomings which the shape of these conductors results in an uneven electric field distribution with high electric field strenghs at the corners especially and prevents the output voltage of the conventional generator from exceeding about 36kv powerformer offers a direct connection to the network without the need for a step - up transformer as a consequence, there are some merits in the total plant equipped with powerformer, such as high effiency, high availability, low maintaining cost and giving less environmental impact

    Powerformer是一種新型的高壓發電機，它採用電纜代替矩形導體作為定子繞組，從而克服了矩形導體電場分佈不均勻，特別是在矩形導體在導體拐角處電場過于集中而使常規發電機的輸出電壓等級不能高於36kv的缺點，使其能夠直接和輸配電網相聯，這樣就不需要升壓變壓器，同時也使裝配powerformer的電廠具有如下優點高效率、可利用率提高、維修費用降低和降低了對環境的負面影響。
  5. If capp and cam system want to use of these information about a part in cad, they have to transfer these information to proper style, and then they can recognize and use them. these years, there are many researches about how to make full use of the information in cad system and how to describe a part in other systems. during these researches, many methods about part information description have been developed, such as gt code method, language description method, knowledge description method, feature description method, and so on

    多年來，為了使capp 、 cam等后續系統能夠有效地利用cad系統中相關的零件信息，亦即對零件信息進行合理的描述，人們進行了大量的研究，提出了分類編碼法、語言描述法、知識表示描述法、基於形狀特徵或表面元素的描述法等各種方法對零件信息進行描述，但是，這些方法都需要人來對零件圖紙進行識別和分析，即需要人工來對已設計好的零件圖進行二次輸入，由於輸入過程繁瑣、費時、易出錯，因此這些信息描述方法無法滿足信息集成的要求，也不能適應集成環境下capp系統的需要。
  6. We produce a steady flow of labor - saving devices ; we communicate rapidity through telexes, phone calls or memos rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longer especially given our traffic - filled streets

    我們大批地生產節省勞力的產品；我們通過電傳、電話或備忘錄進行快速交流，而不是通過當面接觸，盡管這樣會令人愉快，但卻非常浪費時間，特別是考慮到我們車輛擁擠的街道。
  7. A reactive measure taken by companies e. in hard times, in order to save money by eliminating waste or u ece ary ending

    公司採取的應付措施，特別是在困難時期，通過減少浪費和不必要的開支來節省資金。
  8. A reactive measure taken by companies esp. in hard times, in order to save money by eliminating waste or unnecessary spending

    公司採取的應付措施，特別是在困難時期，通過減少浪費和不必要的開支來節省資金。
  9. This paper applies the theory of stochastic optimal control to deal with the optimal investment strategy problem for defined - contribution occupational pension scheme, sets up the optimal investment models under the minimum payment loss of the occupational pension funds in the deterministic and stochastic contribution cases respectively, solves the hjb equations to obtain the explicit form solutions of the optimal investment decision and payment polices, and then uses monte carlo simulation for the optimal strategy in the deterministic contribution case

    摘要利用隨機控制理論研究繳費確定型企業年金的最優投資策略，分別在固定繳費和隨機繳費情形下，建立基於給付損失最小化的企業年金最優投資模型，通過求解hjb方程得到最優投資策略和給付水平的顯式解，並對固定繳費時的最優策略進行蒙特卡洛模擬模擬。
  10. The engendering source of traffic volumes and their general influential factors have been presented, and the situation of nowadays highway transportation has been discussed. according to the introduction of traffic distribution theory and classical assignment method, analysis of traffic flow path selection among cities and that of special influential factors for traffic flow on toll highways, initial analysis to the forming mechanism of traffic volume on road sections has been made, and a probability model for path selection has been set up with the maximum - utility theory and disaggregating model. detailed analysis to impedances on road sections and their functions ( especially to three main composing factors of the impedances as cost of time, transport and toll and to the functional relations with traffic loads ) was made, at the same time, the relative cost calculating model was set up on the basis of the state - of - art achievements in both international and national researches

    主要研究內容包括：交通量的產生根源及一般影響因素分析和當前公路運輸地位討論；從交通分配理論及經典配流方法著手，通過分析城市間交通流路徑選擇行為和收費公路路段交通量特殊影響因素，初步提出路段交通量的形成機理，並採用效用極大原理和非集結模型理論（ disaggregationmodel ） ，建立用戶出行路徑選擇概率模型；對路段阻抗及路阻函數（尤其對行程時間費用、車輛營運費用和道路收費這三個構成路段阻抗的主要因素及其與交通負荷間的函數關系）進行較為詳盡的分析，並以現階段國內外較為先進的研究成果為依據建立相應的成本測算模型，其中，特別提出了兩種確定客貨車輛時間價值的分析方法；離散分析法和時間-費率轉換法，後者是在目前基礎調查、統計數據資料不夠齊全的現實下提出的一種確定道路系統內務車型時間價值的較為實用的新方法；對我國公路收費政策的背景和理論、實踐依據及費率的各種影響因素進行重點分析；從數學的角度證明合理費率的存在性，並以最優化理論為基礎，建立在普通收費公路和擁擠路段交通調控型收費公路兩種模式下合理費率的計算模型等。
  11. But in fact, difficulty in classification has been an obstacle in the utilization, conservation and application of the palm resources for the specialty of their geological distributions and morphological structures, and the lack of research on the physio - ecological principles in cultivation and appliance with the palm resources has not only coursed waste in plant introduction and acclimatization but also seve rely influenced the elaboration of the ecological efficiency of palms as an emblem of tropical plant landscape in the construction of urban green system

    然而，由於棕櫚科植物地理分佈和形態結構的特殊性，分類鑒別上的困難已經成為這類資源科學保護、合理開發利用上的嚴重障礙；同時也由於對棕櫚科植物栽培應用中的生理生態規律缺乏研究，在引種馴化和推廣應用的過程中造成了不必要的浪費，並嚴重影響了這種熱帶植物景觀象徵的園林植物資源的生態效益的有效發揮。
  12. How to maintain a good relation with professional channels ? the thesis discusses above issue from several aspects. firstly, the definition and character of mass - decentr alized communication and the reflection of composite channels " development by charts and figures ; secondly, the reasons why composite channels are still a main part of media market, outlining the causes from three hands : the character of chinese audience, the present situation of chinese channels, mainly in the ability of producing programs and the models of some foreign channels excelling in producing marketing and so on ; thirdly, the strategy of composite channels " development, including the choice of programs, the arrangement of channel structure and the marketing strategy of famous - brand in the composite channels

    全文主要從三個角度對綜合頻道的發展進行闡述：第一部分，概括了分眾化傳播時代的特點和實質以及用圖表、相關數據結合理論分析近年來1 ，國頻道發展過程中出現的一系列的問題:即電視劇仍是各頻道播出節目的主體、一}了日1司質化傾向嚴重、頻道資源的優化組合問題啞待解決以及頻道劃分不夠科學和合理，頻道定位不明確;第二部分，從中國電視受眾的實際情況（包括受眾的年齡、性別、教育程度、家庭收入、觀眾的收視行為、文化產品的消費習慣、思維習慣和收視心理） 、中國的媒介大環境（主要是節目製作能力） 、國外的傳媒環境（側重於abc7頻道和法國電視二臺的經驗分析）三個方一面闡釋綜合頻道仍能繼續發展、大有作為的原因;第三部分，也是全文最重要的部分?中國綜合頻道的發展，錢略。
  13. These means have following defects : i. parameter controls is too simple that will fit the curve too roughly and can ’ t give the configuration and characteristic of surge curve very good ; ii. the performance curve will change a lot when working condition changes, especially when woring temperature changes ; iii. choking area will bring huge waste and is an area that the system oughts to avoid, but we haven ’ t corresponding methods to watch and control it in the domestic till now

    這些措施具有以下缺點: 1 、控制參數過于簡單，對曲線的擬合過于粗糙，不能很好的反映喘振曲線的形態和特點; 2 、當工作條件變化時，特別是工作溫度有所變化時，性能曲線會發生很大變化; 3 、阻塞區會造成巨大的浪費，也是系統該避免的區域，可是目前國內還沒有相應措施來監控它。
  14. This ensures that the students can finish the task in a short time. of course, it does n ' t mean that the teacher has done all for students, for the students still need to read, select, dispose and process the resource provided by teacher. the teaching under network environment is to emphasize on the development of the students " ability not just the knowledge they gained

    Webquest很好的解決了這個問題，既能比較充分的利用網路資源，又不至於使學生在網上耗費太多的時間，原因是每一個webquest都是經過教師精心設計的，包括webquest的主題、任務、過程、評估等，特別是在資源的使用上，教師在設計webquest的時候已經對網上的資源進行了精心的挑選，保證所選的網頁對學生的學習是有價值的和足夠的，這樣做保證了學生在較短的時間內完成學習任務。
  15. As the international communication becomes more and more frequent in the daily life, learning and mastering english is the requirement for the talents in the various walks of life. the aim of teaching english in middle schools is not only to cultivate the students " four skills of it - listening, speaking, reading and writing. but also to help the students gain the base for the further english study in the future. the model opposing to of senior english teaching analizes the present foreign laguage teaching siuation in middle schools in china, especially in the towns and the reasons of that. it also analizes the advantage and disadvantage of the new textbooks and the use of it. and then, after studying the syllabus, the teaching reference books, the researcher puts forward a model of senior english teaching in form of her own foreign language teaching opinions, teaching principles. teaching techniques and teaching effects which are based on the advanced teaching methods, the models of english teaching abroad and at home and her ten - year expeience of teaching english in senior school. through the experiment in education, the model is proved effective. the success in the experiment shows that the model is scientific and practical. thus it provides an effective model of teaching english which will improve the situation of foreign language teaching in china

    高中英語逆向教學模式分析了我國基礎外語教學特別是農村中學及城鎮中學的外語教學現狀及其產生的原因和新教材的特點及使用情況，在仔細研讀教學大綱及教師參考書的基礎上，總結高中十年的英語教學實踐經驗並學習借鑒國內外先進的教學思想、教學方法、教學模式等，從教學理論、教學原則、操作策略及教學效果等方面來構建一個適合我國基礎外語大班教學實際情況的教學模式，並通過教學實驗加以驗證。實驗的成功表明了該模式的科學性和可行性。因此，該課題既具有理論意義，又能用來指導實踐，為我國的外語教學提供了一條科學、有效的高中英語教學模式，從而改善我國「費時多、收效低」的外語教學現狀。
  16. And that system has a great help especially for the safeguard and solving cases. aimed at advancing the speed of extracting the key characters, improving the veracity, cutting down the cost of time and space, this task put forward a new template thinning algorithms after analyzing the principle, disadvantages and advantages of many thinning methods including condition thinning, template thinning and thinning in morphology maths. this algorithm with good collection has less thin - hair, and avoid excessive erosion

    為了使計算機識別時能很快的提取關鍵特徵，提高準確度，減少時空耗費，本課題在分析了多種傳統的條件細化、模板細化、形態數學上的細化等多種細化方法的原理和優缺點后，提出了一種新的模板細化演算法，該演算法毛刺較少，避免了過度的腐蝕，同時具有良好的連通性。
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