部別成本 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [bùbiéchéngběn]
部別成本
英文
departmental cost-
As an advanced materials preparation technology, spray - deposition has shown remarkable superiority in producing large - sized alloys and metal matrix composites. however, the spray deposeted preforms usually contain a certain quantity of porosity. besides, the oxide films on the surface of the particles lead to week metallurgic conjunction between the particles. in order to obtain an ideal structure and performance, the porous preforms need further densifying and plastical forming. in this paper, a new technology named wedge pressing was used to densify spray - deposeted 5a06 aluminium alloy, in which the large deformation can be obtained through the sum - up of local deformation and multi - step small deformation. this method can also solved the problems in traditional processing and greatly decreased the producing cost. what ’ s more, the reserch on the wedge pressing desification rules about the large - sized spray deposeted preforms was significant it was vital not only to the further densification of the prefoums but also to the further research on plastical deforming the research was also benefit to the industrialization an the application of the spray deposeted porous materials
坩堝移動式噴射沉積技術作為一種先進的材料制備新技術，在制備大尺寸合金及金屬基復合材料方面具有顯著的優越性。然而噴射沉積坯件特別是大型坯件通常存在一定量的孔隙，顆粒表面存在一定量的氧化膜，顆粒之間未能完全達到良好的冶金結合狀態，因此需要進行后續緻密化和塑性變形才能獲得理想的組織和性能。本文採用一種新型的楔形壓制工藝，即通過局部變形、多道次小變形累積實現大變形的緻密化加工方法，對噴射沉積多孔坯料進行后續緻密化和塑性變形，很好地解決了傳統加工工藝的難題，大大降低了生產成本。1, cut over a head : bring up to combine the applied technique most and early for the toshiba, and is also current usage to is the most extensive. he adopts a laser head, and prepare the different slice of 2 focal distances the sony for cut over, passing the conversion differently focusing the coming respectively reading dvd with cd, its shape looking with double head to resemble respectively, because can see two sets focuse the, laser head to interiorly can t see. he reads the signal quantity is higher, but because of want the conversioning to focuse the, therefore the cost belong to the inside and so forth of level, and recognize the dish speed slow, same the implicit mechanical trouble rate is high
1切換雙鏡頭：為toshiba最早提出並應用的技術，也是目前使用最廣泛的。他採用一個激光頭，分別準備2個焦距不同的鏡片切換，通過轉換不同的聚焦鏡來分別讀取dvd和cd ，它的外形看起來與雙頭的sony相似，因為只能看到二組聚焦鏡，激光頭在內部看不見。他讀取信號質量較高，但由於要轉換聚焦鏡，所以成本屬于中等水平，認盤速度較慢，同樣隱含的機械故障率比較高。In 1958, two economist modigliani and miller proposed famous mm theory. they argued that capital structure has no effect on enterprise value in the completely competitive capital market later on, many papers about enterprise finance have analyzed capital structure in terms of tax capital cost agency cost and incomplete contract because completely competitive market does not exist in reality, capital structure has particular function on interior message stimulation mechanism and control righto this article just discusses these aspects, that is, studies governance structure reform in terms of capital theory
1958年，兩位經濟學家modigliani和miller提出了著名的mm理論，其大意是，在完全競爭的資本市場上，企業的資本結構不影響企業的價值。此後，許多有關企業金融的文獻分別從稅收、資金成本、代理成本、不完全契約等方面對企業資本結構的設計和功能進行了分析。由於完全競爭的資本市場在現實中並不存在，資本結構在向外部的投資者顯示企業內部的信息、決定控制權的安排及提供激勵等方面，都有其特殊的功能，從而影響乃至決定企業的價值。The simple story is in the world of the animation is an absolute main factor, a complicated story details turns and twists confusing link for see an animation of the audience is a tremendous burden, the market need that is in present the top interest has already replaced a traditional story to spread chen, at this interest in command age how expressed a plot to become the most important topic with the simple story, very clearly, advertise from the film of the way can feel what kind of the topic just is the need of the consumer, passed by high cost to create greatly of the advertisement mode has already not been reseen this several years, take but the generation is a film to have many interests much play, this be the typical simple story description complicated plot, give examples to say : the movie “ shrike ” is a very typical example, pure of save a princess of plot, continuously of pound at audience by the plot of " be contrary with traditional thinking " of thinking mode, i still remember at that time see that slice through behind appear details of hear the public discussion interest continuously, but hear half personal say this drama of story have much good, in fact such manuscript was the best animation manuscript, letting the audience acquire they want of plot but don ' t be pack with complicated story, this just is the animation dramatize of the tallest state, because of would like to spend money to enter into theater or spend money to purchase dvd consumer, all is want to open happy heart ' s appreciating film bear, have no burden, also be spend money to buy happy, want to remind specially of " the writing animation manuscript not is write to personal satisfy own creations desire but is face all appreciate of crowd "
在動畫的世界里簡單的故事是絕對的要素，一個復雜的故事情節曲折迷離的環節對于看動畫的觀眾是一項極大的負擔，在現今的市場需求上趣味已經取代了傳統的故事鋪陳，在這個趣味掛帥的年代怎麼樣用簡單的故事來表現劇情變成了最重要的課題，很明確地，從影片廣告的方式可以感受到什麼樣的主題才是消費者的需求，過去高成本大製作的廣告模式這幾年已不復見，取而代之的是影片有多趣味多好玩，這就是典型的簡單故事描述復雜的劇情，舉例來說：電影史瑞克就是一個很典型的例子，單純的救公主的劇情，不斷的以「與傳統思維相反」的劇情沖擊著觀眾的思考模式，我還記得當時看完該片后出場不斷的聽到眾人討論趣味的情節，但是卻沒有聽到半個人說這部戲的故事有多棒，其實這樣的劇本就是最好的動畫劇本，讓觀眾獲得他們想要的劇情卻不以復雜的故事包裝，這才是動畫編劇的最高境界，因為願意花錢進到戲院或是花錢購買dvd的消費者，都是想開開心心的觀賞影片沒有負擔、沒有包袱，也就是花錢買開心，特別要提醒的「寫作動畫劇本並不是寫給個人滿足自己的創作慾望而是面對所有欣賞的人群」 。Next, evaluation of cooperative and related theories has been made in social and historical origin, effect and the influence and development, and pointed out : cooperative is resulted from the combination between fair need and marketing system ; cooperative can not achieve the society objectives that the utopian socialism person sought ; nowadays economy productivity makes the cooperative one kind of available form of organization for the weak power colony for seeking the economic interest possesses extensively
從成本最小化與交易費用的角度出發，人們選擇合作經濟組織形式的實質是合作社所做的作業比合作成員個別完成更能節省生產成本和交易成本，並從中分享規模經濟和范圍經濟的利益。 3合作經濟的所有制形式以合作經濟理論述評和合作經濟質的分析為基礎，本章探討合作經濟的所有制性質與形式。第一，生產資料全部屬勞動者個人所有的形式。4, single focuse the single head : is single for single laser head that panasonic lead off to adopt to focuse the double the laser beam for focusing ordering the project, he adopting the special whole synthesizing lens, passing lens in the center part ofly the focusing of formation cd the point, and pass the anastigmatic laser beam of part edge the formation the focusing of dvd the point, this kind of construction because of have no the machining to spread to move, and also can t produce the mechanical trouble, therefore increased to recognize the dish the speed, and however and also lowered the cost. but adoption this project of generation is with part of the next generation dvd nonsupports cdr
4單聚焦單鏡頭：為panasonic率先採用的單激光頭單聚焦鏡雙聚焦點方案，他採用特別的全息綜合透鏡，通過透鏡中間部分的激光束形成cd的聚焦點，通過透鏡邊緣部分的激光束形成dvd的聚焦點，這種結構由於沒有機械傳動，也不會產生機械故障，所以提高了認盤速度，不過同時也降低了成本。但採用此方案的第一代和部分第二代dvd不支持cdr 。We tend to specialize in various accounting functions including commercial accounting, cost accounting, taxation accounting, departmental accounting, group accounting and special industry accounting. while performing the accounting and bookkeeping, our accountants often discover defects or problems in the client s accounting system
特別向不同顧客制定獨有之會計機制，其中包括商業會計生產成本會計稅務結算會計獨立部門會計集團會計及特別行業會計。（ 2 ） construct the system framework of the agent - based qis ， design the five agents that separately accomplish five function ， including quality plan setting ， quality measuring, quality evaluating & control, quality cost manage and quality integration information manage ， buildup the running mechanism and the information exchanging policy for agent - based qis in cims. （ 3 ） present a novel method of agent - based online quality control ( aoqc ) in assembling production line ( apl ), establish a intelligent structure of computer aided quality control system ( caqcs ) based on multi - agent, impliment all kinds of agent in this system ， and lay out all their function
（ 2 ）建立了基於智能代理的質量信息系統的體系結構，對分別完成其質量計劃制定、質量檢測與管理、質量評價與控制、質量成本管理及質量綜合信息管理五大功能的五個agent的內部結構進行了設計，闡述了它們的運行機制和優越性，說明了系統與cims其它功能子系統的信息集成。To the first question, after the logical analysis of society public goods demand and supply, state function and the publicly consigned responsibility of the government, the agent - principal relationships in government structure and the target of agency, the function of government economics in the developing process of market economics is clarified ; further analyzing in the endogenetic inevitability of supervision in government economics is made on common economic agency in corporate, the agency character of public economics, public agency in government economics and the " dual - agency " in state - owned property rights ; in the aspect of property rights, the point of interiorization of external supervision of soes is made ; in the aspect of economics, the " public benefits " and output - and - input of government supervision are analyzed
對前一問題，分別從社會公共需要與公共品供給、國家職能與政府的公共受託責任、政府組織中的委託代理關系及其代理問題的邏輯分析中，闡明了政府經濟在市場經濟發展過程的作用；從一般意義的企業經濟代理、公有經濟的代理特徵、政府經濟的行政代理、以及國有產權的「雙重代理」問題等不同側面分析了實施政府經濟監督的內生必然性；並從產權角度提出了國企外部監督的內部化機制，從經濟學角度分析了政府監督的「公共利益」以及監督的成本與收益等問題。Second, it turns to analyze the outside environment of chongqing pepsi - tianfu in details by using many theories in turn such as pest, five competition power, production life cycles and value chain, and its target is not only to find opportunities in politics, economic, technology, and social culture and also to feel threaten which results from substitute, supplier, new comer, customer and competitor of our company. then, it begins to seek the strength and weakness of this company by analyzing resource of itself in order to seek main problem s during present business operating, specially focusing on marketing promotion, cost controlling, human resource management and enterprise culture. at the same time, it concludes that the main present questions are caused by some history factors, faulty present management rules, incomplete human resource system, different leader types and weak base of enterprise culture
然後，就運用pest法、行業競爭五種力量及價值鏈的戰略管理理論對公司的外部競爭環境進行詳細的分析，發現公司可能在政治、經濟、技術、社會文化上面臨的機會以及行業中替代品、供應商、新進入者、顧客、競爭對手正帶來的威脅；接著，運用資源分析法找出公司內部的優勢和劣勢，特別是目前存在的主要問題及其產生的各種主要原因，其中問題集中表現在市場營銷、成本控制、人力資源管理、企業文化四大方面，而產生原因則是公司的歷史、管理制度不夠完善、人才機制不健全、領導風格不相同、企業文化較薄弱等因素；接著，就是將內、外環境的分析結果通過swot方法進行戰略匹配和選擇，得出三個戰略方案，即：穩定發展戰略、密集型發展戰略和多元化發展戰略。From above analysis, the author holds the role of replacement of logistics requirement taken by information flow is relatively clear. the government should understand this point as soon as possible : accelerating the pace of information construction especially in west and middle region to integrate it into the whole country environment and fasten the decrease in logistics cost ; on the other hand, as a member of supply chain, the enterprise should make use of it to seek the approach of sharing information in order to reduce logistics cost through use of effective information flow and implement the development object of enterprise in supply chain
通過以上分析，作者認為信息流對物流的替代作用比較明顯，作為政府，應該及早認識到這一點，加快信息化的步伐，特別是中西部地區，使中西部地區能融入到全國環境中，從而促進全國物流成本降低；而作為供應鏈成員企業，則應利用這一點，積極尋求信息共享的途徑，以高效的信息流降低物流成本，從而實現供應鏈企業發展目標。From the second to the fifth chapter such problems concerning state - owned property right are illustrated respectively as its definition, valuation and price fixing and capital sources of undertaking party and the disposal and use of transfer income. problems are raised with regard to the process of current property right system diversity in state - owned enterprises, such as the disagreement to the definition of state - owned property right, no standard of evaluation, imperfection of price fixing system and relative confusion of transfer income disposal and use. what ' s more, new solutions are offered : the probe into state - owned property right definition " changsha model " is confirmed positively ; two specific ways of quantification - - " the method of average growth rate of state - owned property right " and " the method of average cost of labor in market " ; the concept " present value of earnings " is applied to the property evaluation of receivable accounts, finished goods, invisible assets and so on ; the unjust in price fixing of state - owned property right can be avoided by improving property valuation methods, perfecting capital market especially property right trading market and bettering information publishing system ; as to the guarantee problem of human resources financial contribution, an original key is offered
第一章運用產權理論對國企產權多元化改革進行經濟學分析；第二章至第五章主要圍繞國有產權的界定問題、評估問題、定價問題、承接方的資金來源問題、轉讓收入的處置運用問題分別進行闡述，指出了當前國企產權多元化過程中存在著國有產權界定不統一、評估不規范、定價機制不完善、處置運用相對混亂等諸多問題，並提出新的解決思路：肯定國有產權界定「長沙模式」的積極探索意義，提出量化職工創造剩餘價值的「國有資產平均增長率法」和「平均市場勞動成本法」 ；將「收益現值」概念運用到對應收賬款、產成品、無形資產等資產評估之中；應從完善資產評估方法、完善資本市場特別是產權交易市場和健全信息公開機制三個方面來解決國有產權定價不公問題；就人力資本出資的擔保問題提出實際債務承擔額（比例）應小於名義出資額（比例）的新思路，並認為人力資本市場上的交易價格應包括絕對出資額和相對出資額兩部分。The thesis divides into five parts. from several groups of basic conceptions, we use the method of cost - income and structure - institution to deduct the logical ideas from one layer to another. the progress of the forming and evolving an inter - firm network is abstracted to the problem of the adaptability and the stability of an organization system respectively
全文共分五個部分，以成本-收益以及結構-制度的剖析範式，從幾組基本概念入手，邏輯推演層層展開，將企業網路的形成和演變過程分別抽象為組織系統的適應性和穩定性問題，構建了一個比較全面的分析框架。The production management section expounds some methods of the production classified management and the dynamic management, on the base of the analysis of reservoir value, it gives a control model. the cost control section uses the headstream control idea, introduces the classified cost management and the dynamic supervision model. the benefits evaluation section introduces the principle and the index system of the economic benefits evaluation, then it describes some evaluate methods of wells, cut stages and crews separately
生產管理模式中分別講述了生產分類、分級管理和動態管理等方法，在油藏價值分析的基礎上建立產量控制模型；成本控制管理部分運用了源頭控制的思想，介紹了成本分類、分級控制和成本動態監控模型；在效益評價部分，介紹了經濟效益評價的原則、指標體系，分別闡述了單井、區塊和採油隊的經濟效益評價方法。The first step is to build up the mind to satisfy the customers, nail down the direction of development and the mission of the enterprise, formulate the object which is composed of market, innovation, profit and society, and determine the direction of development. the following step is to analyze comprehensively the opportunities and threats from the external environment, and also the advantages and disadvantages in the internal environment, as to construct and foster the core competence of the flour manufacturers. the third step is to exert comprehensively the strategy of cost - leading strategy, difference strategy integrate strategy target - focus strategy and diversification strategy to foster and maintain the core competence
麵粉製造企業的核心競爭力管理的過程包括： （ 1 ）樹立顧客滿意的戰略思想，明確企業的發展方向和企業使命，並制定由市場目標、創新目標、盈利目標和社會目標組成的戰略目標，決定麵粉製造企業核心競爭力的發展方向； （ 2 ）對麵粉製造企業外部環境的機會和威脅、內部環境的優勢和劣勢進行綜合的戰略分析，構建和培育麵粉製造企業核心競爭力； （ 3 ）綜合運用成本領先戰略、差別化戰略、集中目標戰略、一體化戰略和多樣化戰略來培育和維護麵粉製造企業核心競爭力； （ 4 ）制定職能戰略、進行以企業核心競爭力為載體和顧客滿意為最終奮斗目標的組織結構變革，提高企業領導人的核心競爭力意識，維廣東工業大學管理學碩士學位論文護和發展麵粉製造企業核心競爭力: （ 5 ）發展和再造麵粉製造企業核心競爭力等五個步驟。Dased upon the introduction of correlative theories, articles and viewpoints, this paper construes status in quo of current professional manager market of china and hebei province, and finds out the key problems ; this paper refers to the background and main issues of professional managers " selection, and the structure of managerial talents ; according to the presentation of dynamic standpoints in identifying the abilities of professional managers and the concept of degree of informational asymmetry, we obtain the conclusion that to some extent the talents of professional managers are identified ; then, we give models of factor analysis of anticipant costs and incomes in the process that study on the selection of manager ; based upon the character of informational incompleteness about managerial capability, this paper discusses predominance and inferior position about choosing in and out of the corporation and the problems of arrangement in pairs or groups for two modes ; finally, we put forward the measures and suggestions to settle the problems
本文在介紹相關理論和與論題相關的文章及觀點的基礎上，分析了中國及河北省當前職業經理人市場現狀，找出問題的關鍵；分析了職業經理人選聘的背景、存在的主要問題，以及職業經理人才能的結構；通過對職業經理人才能識別的動態性觀點和信息不對稱程度的引進，說明了在一定程度上職業經理人才能是可識別的；在此基礎上，論文引入了期望成本收益分析模型，對職業經理人的選擇進行較為系統的研究；基於職業經理人能力的不完全信息性質，指出企業內部選擇方式和外部選擇方式的優劣勢，討論了兩種方式的搭配問題；最後提出了解決措施和建議。本文的創新之處在於提出了期望成本收益分析模型，從企業和個人兩方面分析了職業經理人選聘過程。Accordingly, to soften the impact on users, we may phase in full or partial cost recovery of an individual service over a period of time, rather than seek to achieve full or partial cost recovery in one go
因此，為減輕對用者一次過大幅度增加收費所帶來的沖擊，我們會就個別服務分階段收回全部或部分成本。It commended cuhk on its efforts to ensure the effective implementation of plans, and the success of the internal reviews of major administrative units conducted by its task force on management efficiency
小組特別贊許由校內管理效率專責小組對主要行政部門進行內部管理效率檢討的成績。各部門透過重整工作流程及重組架構，達致低成本高效益的目標。The first part deals with the change of study view, analytical means and study framework in the course of study of particular region. in the author ' s opinion, the study on causes of rural industry agglomeration and interior working mechanism beneficially improves and develops the theory of new industry district, more important, the study of interactive relation between geographical agglomeration and technology innovation can make for the lack of economists in accounting for the geographical factors of technology innovation. this part is the basis of this paper in selecting topic
全文共有五個部分組成：第一部分闡述了目前經濟地理學家對特定區域研究在研究視角、分析工具和研究框架三個層面上的變化。作者認為對農村工業集聚區形成原因和內部運行機制的研究，有利於完善和發展新產業區理論，特別是對地理集聚與技術創新互動關系的研究，能彌補經濟學家在解釋引起企業技術進步的地理因素分析上的不足。這一部分成為本文選題的依據。Japanese oil companies that have a particularly big downstream presence, such as nippon oil, do not necessarily gain from a rise in crude oil prices since it is difficult to pass the full cost onto consumers
對佔有特別重要的下游市場的日本石油公司，例如日本石油而言，因為很難把全部的成本都轉移到消費者身上，所以它們將不一定會受益於原油價格的上漲。分享友人