鄉村財政 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xiāngcūncáizhèng]
鄉村財政 英文
rural finance
  • 鄉 : 名詞1 （鄉村） country; countryside; village; rural area 2 （家鄉） native place; home village; h...
  • 村 : Ⅰ名詞（村莊） village; hamlet Ⅱ形容詞（粗俗） rustic; boorish
  • 財 : 名詞（金錢和物資的總稱） wealth; property; valuables
  • 政 : 名詞1 （政治） politics; political affairs 2 （國家某一部門主管的業務） certain administrative as...
  • 鄉村 : village; countryside; rural area; country
  • 財政 : （國家對資財的收入與支出的管理活動） （public） finance; government finance; public economy
  1. For the especial political regime in our nation avianizes the rural fiscal system of inward function, which induce phenomena as follows, during producing or providing public products as the deputy of rural residents ( mostly, peasantry ), whose are the village and town governments and their superior governments ( from the clientage aspect ). not only the substitutive costs from the village and town governments represent their revenue and expenditure, and that from superior governments transfer to it by the stimulant mode of them and their superior governments, but also the governments show the substitutive costs from their superior governments transferring as the form of the rural expenditure, which will increase their revenue and expenditure. it is village and town indebtedness of inherent mechanism

    由於我國特殊的政治體制弱化了農村財政體制應有的功能，致使作為鄉鎮居民（主要為農民）代理人的鄉鎮政府及上級政府（從委託? ?代理關系的角度看）在生產或提供農村公共品時會產生以下現象：不僅鄉鎮政府產生的代理成本表現為鄉鎮支出，上級政府產生的代理成本會通過上級政府與鄉鎮政府激勵相容的方式而層層轉嫁給鄉鎮政府，而且鄉鎮政府有著將上級政府所轉嫁的代理成本進一步以鄉鎮支出的形式表現出來的激勵，從而加大了鄉鎮支出，這是鄉鎮負債產生的內在機理。
  2. Because it is the fundamental function for town government to provide pubilc services and pubic establishments, such as family planning, public security, rural road construction, maintaining the facility of broadcast and tv and so on. town government ought to be provided with condign power of administration and finance even though they are translated to be accessorial institutions of county government. therefore, how to supervise their power and their financal income and expenses is still a question to be settled

    計劃生育、社會治安、鄉村道路建設、廣播電視設施維護等基本公共設施和服務的提供，仍然是鄉鎮政府的職責。即使鄉鎮政府轉變為縣級政府的派出機構，也需要擁有一定程度的財政和行政權力，如何監督這些權力和規范其財政收支的問題依然存在。
  3. The main problems are : the party is not separated from the government and the power of the party committee is over - concentrated ; managing is over - staffed and the style of management is out - of - date ; the government organization is carved up and the functions of the government is dismembered ; the functions of the governmeng has not essentiallg transformed and their responsibilities are in confusion ; the financial system is imperfect, so the financial capacity of the township is muck limited ; the function of the people ' s congress is so weak that its initiative has n ' t been brought into full play ; the contra diations between the town ship government and the urllage lommittee are sharpening and the regular work is notin normal progress. the causes for these problems are complex. in my opinion, the causes are closely associated with the effect of traditional system of organization, the restricton of administrative surroumding and the unfithess of personnel qualith. and that ' s because the construction of the leqal system is backward and the administrative area is not rationally divided

    這些特點和我國實行市場經濟體制的新形勢，暴露了當前鄉鎮行政管理中存在的突出問題，主要表現在：黨政不分、黨委權利過分集中；人浮於事、管理方式陳舊；機構條塊分割，政府職能被肢解；政府職能尚未根本轉變，責任錯位；財政體制不完善、鄉鎮財政舉步維艱；人民代表大會功能柔弱，作用沒有充分發揮；政府與村委會矛盾加劇，工作難以正常開展等等。這些問題存在的原因比較復雜，主要是傳統體制、行政環境的影響和隊伍素質、法制建設的不適應。
  4. In chapter 3, i described the peasants " good mood because of the lighter burden after the reform of rural tax and fee and the township government ' s worry mood because of the lacked finance

    第三章主要調查闡述了劉鄉稅費改革后的農民真減負的良好心情。同時也反映了劉鄉鄉村財政減少的憂愁心理及鄉村治理帶來的較好變化。
  5. Put forward my proposal about the reformation of the taxation system, as well as the complementary measures, it is the surface that farmers " burden is caused by the primary government who charge farmers excessively, the deep reason is the unbalance developing strategy for national ecnomic and the difference between the city and the rural earea. link theory with the prctising program interal and external, i put forward my proposal to abolish agricultural tax, practice the same taxation, set up land rent system

    過分地掘取農業剩餘的同時，還實行重城輕鄉的公共產品分配政策，造成農村財政呈「缺血」狀態，不得已實行「三提五統」收費制來解決農村公共產品的提供問題，制定製度出發點的錯誤以及制度本身的不完善，造成「三亂」久治不愈；其次，由於行政管理體制改革滯后，機構臃腫，冗員過多；再加上農民反負成本高，反負意識差和農村制度供給的路徑依賴性，造成農民負擔越發沉重，並成為中國許多問題的根源。
  6. These changes caused the up and down of finance income

    農村工業的變化必然導致鄉鎮財政收入的變化。
  7. However, the rural fiscal system ensures to make arrangements for the specific systems by the village and town governments and their superior governments

    而農村財政體制是保障鄉鎮政府及上級政府生產或提供農村公共品的具體制度安排。
  8. 5 conclusions are made. first, the township and town " s finance has achieved remarkable success although there are some problems. secondly, the township and town " s finance has too little rights to bear its responsibility

    考察鄉鎮財政不能不涉及農村義務教育，因為義務教育是鄉鎮政府向農民提供的最大的公共物品，是鄉鎮財政支出的主要部分，也是造成鄉鎮財政拮據狀況的主要因素。
  9. Especially in rural area, there is no raise funds for rural education in he earlier 20 century, but raise funds became popular which made peasants feel it is a heavy ' tax, so central government want abolish raise funds for rural education, but reformation make local government lost more revenue since 2000, so local government try its best to make raise funds legal so it is a interesting game between central government and local government. chapter four and five indicated that town lost its ability of the distribution of revenue, and county controlled the revenue of town lowly but wholly. there is a example in the dissertation, taihe controlled the revenue of 31 towns firstly in 2000, then taihe allotted the salary for its towns

    第四章討論縣對鄉鎮財政分配關系的調控減輕農民負擔，是農村稅費改革的前提，但是，在減負之後，鄉鎮丁資發放困難、運轉困難，所以政策_ _仁提出確保減負、確保鄉鎮與村級組織運轉、確保義務教育經費投入的要求（第一節） ，安徽省太和縣通過鄉鎮預算內外收入全額上解到縣，對鄉鎮財政進行控制，從而達到保鄉鎮工資的目的（第二節） ，同時又逐步落實了中小學教師工資上劃到縣的規定j頃序和結構， （第三節） 。
  10. Before the reform of rural tax and fee, aiming at its financial demand, the governments of township enlarged the power of the tax and fee collection in all kinds of ways, because they faced enormous financial pressure and there was a large flexible space in collection of rural tax and fee. this brought many problems, such as enlarging the paradox between the cadre and peasants, weakening the legitimating of the governments of township and harming the development of the political relations in the countryside

    農村稅費改革前，由於鄉鎮財政面臨的巨大壓力和農村稅費收取存在較大彈性空間，很多鄉鎮為滿足其財政需求，不惜採取各種措施加大財政提以為力度，由此引發了諸多問題；尤其是加劇了干群矛盾，削弱了基層政權的合法性，損害了鄉村政治關系的健康發展，並最終損害了農村社會的穩定和發展。
  11. After the reform of rural tax and fee, the burden to peasants was lightened but the governments of township obviously faced financial pressure. the work of township governments could not carry out, and this also restricted the running of the township governments at some level

    農村稅費改革后，雖然它有利於減輕農民負擔，但鄉村財政壓力比較明顯，鄉村正常工作難以開展，在某種程度上同樣會影響基層政權的運行。
  12. Analyzing the sustainable operation of township finance after rural taxes and administrative charges

    農村稅費改革后鄉鎮財政的可持續運轉分析
  13. Most of rural debts, which originated from enterprises and individuals, was not only mainly used for expenditures of non - productive purchases but also invented all sorts of names in order to raise a loan

    從建立和逐步完善我國的公共財政體制、加快鄉村財政體制改革和財政政策的調整以及構建完整的農村經濟社會化服務體系等方面探討了現階段治理鄉村債務的可行措施。
  14. Discussion of the finance difficulty after agricultural taxation reform in villages

    農村稅費改革后鄉鎮財政困難問題探討
  15. Impact of rural taxes and tolls reform on finance of county and countryside

    農村稅費改革對鄉鎮財政的影響分析
  16. Research of countryside finance poverty lifting measure research

    免征農業稅后鄉村財政解困措施研究
  17. Since some important financial expenditure mainly depends on the taxes and fees, especially the village and the town deficits and the elementary education, the program of abolishing the agricultural taxes and fees must be able to solve the two problems

    由於鄉村財政以及農村的基礎教育依靠于農業稅費，取消農業稅的方案也應能解決這兩個問題。鄉村財政問題主要依靠增收節支，基礎教育問題要改變目前國家對于基礎教育的政策。
  18. But through the analysis of the theories and the cases, we can find that the reform did n ' t touch the core problem. second, a lot of farmers do not support the reform because their burden is still not lightened. third, the reform cannot resolve the problems of rural elementary education and villages and towns deficits

    它並未觸及到本質的問題；相當部分農民負擔並未真正減輕，並不支持費改稅；再次是稅費改革對農村的基礎教育、鄉村財政問題無法根本解決；最後是改革方案的不完善使執行難以掌握。
  19. As the important part supplied by village social life and public productions, village education reflects the present financial condition of a village to a great extent. at the same tune, its condition and development tendency plays such a role that should n ' t be neglected as regarding the state construction, the village public finance and the relationship between the state and the peasants

    鄉村教育作為鄉村社會生活和公共產品提供的重要部分，在很大程度上反映出當前鄉村財政的狀況，同時其自身的現狀和發展趨勢又對國家政權建設、鄉村公共財政以及國家與農民的關系產生著不可忽視的作用。
  20. Town finance is a important part of rural economics and rural regime, what ’ s more, it is the basis ofl china financial system

    鄉鎮財政是我國財政體系中最基礎的一級，是農村政權和農村經濟的重要組成部分。
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