重力擴張 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhònglìkuòzhāng]
重力擴張 英文
gravitational spreading
  • 重 : 重Ⅰ名詞（重量; 分量） weight Ⅱ動詞（重視） lay [place put] stress on; place value upon; attach im...
  • 力 : Ⅰ名1 （力量; 能力） power; strength; ability; capacity 2 [物理學] （改變物體運動狀態的作用） forc...
  • 擴 : 動詞（擴大） expand; enlarge; extend
  • 張 : Ⅰ動詞1 [書面語] （給弓或樂器上弦） fix （a bowstring）; string （a musical instrument） 2 （分開;...
  • 重力 : [力學] gravity; force of gravity; gravity force; power of gravity; pull of gravity; gravitational...
  1. In the developed countries, the structure of tax revenue is well organized, and nation states prefer to collect social security taxes to enhance the social security net and alleviate the pressure of global competition. in the developing countries, the taxes on international trade are the major sources of tax revenue. they tend to favor the big government and broaden the range of government expenditure to increase

    先進國家的稅基主要來自於社會個人財富，而以社會安全捐的型態展現其承擔社會風險的能力；至於發展中國家則是國際貿易稅收為其賦稅結構中之重要組成部分，同時它們也大多以擴張公共部門的方式來展現其保障社會安全的能力。
  2. This dissertation aims to probe into the institutional changes and institutional clashes between the enlarging european union and the central & eastern european countries ( ceecs ), as well as to construct a tentative theoretical innovation to account for institutional interactions between them. supported by political neo - institutionalism and borrowing institutional concepts from nobel prize - winner douglas north, the dissertation is set against a background of the dual process of institutional expansion by the eu and active institutional convergence on the ceecs " own accords. starting from the positive and negative impacts triggered by eu enlargement on both the eu ' s and the ceecs " political, governance and economic institutions, the dissertation carries out a systematic study of the partial adjustments and comprehensive reforms on the part of the eu, as well as of the europeanized transformation of the domestic institutions in the accession countries

    本文以新制度主義政治學為理論支點，以歐盟通過東擴實現制度擴張及中東歐向歐盟制度主動趨同的進程為背景，以東擴引發的制度變遷和制度對撞為研究對象，從分析考察東擴進程對于雙方政治權力制度和經濟治理制度的雙向沖擊及正負面影響入手，系統研究了歐盟東擴引發的歐盟制度局部調整與全面改革、及中東歐新成員國國內制度的歐洲化轉軌之雙重進程，分析總結出東擴制度互動的規律、模式與渠道，並在此基礎上構築了一種解釋轉型國家與超國家機構之間制度互動的實驗性理論模型「錮囚鋒理論」 ，從理論高度上對現實規律進行歸納。
  3. The third part, the " ii " part of the dissertation - - - - - - the major historical challenges for the u. s. federal constitution, surveys the four major challenges that the constitution experienced : ( i ) the initial formation of the u. s. constitutional system ; ( ii ) the most dangerous constitutional crisis - - - - - - the civil war : ( iii ) the absorption the biggest new element in constitutional system - - - - - - party politics ; ( iv ) the modern challenge - - - - - - the expansion of the power of the federal government and the inflation of the presidential power

    第三大部分即文章的「二、美國《聯邦憲法》所經歷的重大歷史考驗」 ，對《聯邦憲法》在其歷史中所經受的四大歷史考驗分別進行了考察： （一）美國憲政制度的最初定形， （二）最重大的憲政危機? ? 「內戰」 ， （三）新的最大憲政要素的吸吶? ?政黨政治， （四）現代挑戰? ?聯邦政府權力的擴張和總統權力的膨脹。
  4. After above fifty years of flourish expansion, the domestic seamless steel tube enterprises are now facing many contradictions, such as the unsuitable product category for consumption structure, lagging techniques, weak marketing concept. the competition among the enterprises in this field becomes incandescing etc. the essential characteristic of the market makes the enterprises feel more and more oppressive pressure

    國內無縫鋼管產業經過五十余年的蓬勃擴張后，已面臨著品種不能適應消費結構、工藝技術水平落後、市場營銷理念薄弱等諸多矛盾，產業內各生產企業的競爭已進入白熱化。優勝劣汰這一市場經濟的根本特徵使每一個企業感到越來越沉重的壓力。
  5. With the gradually deepening of the capital operation and capital expansion, group company, characterized with highly professional and optimization of internal factor, is becoming an important organization form of modern business management and organizational system and also adapts to the development of modern productivity and market economy

    隨著資本經營和資本擴張的不斷深化，集團公司已日益成為現代企業經營管理與組織體制中的一種重要組織形式，它適應了現代生產力和市場經濟發展要求，具有高度專業化和集團內部要素最優化等特性。
  6. Other outcomes included the forced expiratory volume in one second ( fev1 ) before and after bronchodilator treatment, the frequency of exacerbations, the degree of asthma control, the number of symptom - free days, and the quality of life

    其他轉歸包括支氣管擴張劑治療前後的一秒鐘用力呼氣容積（ fev1 ） 、急性加重頻率、哮喘控製程度、無癥狀天數和生活質量。
  7. It focuses on the essentials ? idiomatic expressions, phrasal verbs, practical vocabulary expansion, and grammar usage in context ? and builds listening comprehension as well as pronunciation and intonation skills

    它側重於要領-成語表達，短語動詞，實用詞匯量的擴張，和語法使用上下文並建立聽力理解以及發音和語調的技巧。
  8. With economy development, the contradiction of expansion qf cities and reduction of rural land. existence and development of peasant, and modernization and peasant small production are apparent obvious, countryside land using rights have gradually changed : peasant are deprived of land using rights by the nation levying land and by the collective collecting land, and the voluntary circulation among peasants because of manpower shifting make land collected with small scale etc. the circulation of land using rights is the necessary tendency, but how to ifiake the circulation in the order, protect peasants interests and national profits mostly are always concerning the subject about which many scholars and country worker are concerned

    而農民唯一的生活保障「土地」 ，在經濟發展中成了「唐僧肉」 ，農民土地使用權肆意剝奪、無序流轉非常嚴重。的確，隨著經濟發展，城市擴張與農村土地減少的矛盾、農民生存與發展的矛盾、農業現代化與農戶小生產的矛盾突顯，農村土地使用權不斷的發生變化：國家通過征地使農民永遠失去土地使用權，集體返租倒包集中土地使農民失去土地使用權，農戶之間由於勞動力轉移自願流轉使土地小規模集中，等等，土地使用權流轉是我國經濟發展的必然趨向。
  9. In the future, the internal banks should pay attention to the quality regulation. on the other hand, the external banks should pay attention to the quantity regulation. who will be the winner depends on the paces and deepness of regulation

    未來幾年外資銀行可能更偏重於量的擴張，內資銀行則應偏重於質的調整，最後勝負就取決于兩者改革的力度和速度了。
  10. Affiliated company, which is defined as the association of several independent companies, is formed in one way or another to achieve certain economic purposes. as one of the most important forms of companies " external expansion, affiliated company is the corollary of socialized production and marketing economy. the emergence of affiliated companies has promoted the rapid expansion of enterprises and helped enterprises enhance their economic capacity and competitiveness

    關聯企業是相互獨立的企業之間為達到特定的經濟目的通過特定手段而形成的企業之間的聯合，它是社會化大生產和市場經濟發展的必然結果，是企業外部擴張的重要形式，它使企業規模得以迅速地擴張，增強了企業的經濟實力和市場競爭力。
  11. By analyzing the factors affecting enterprise expansion ratio and redefining the ratio in entropy thinking, the paper points out that expansion must be based on its basic elements of internal strength and weakness such as core competence, and external environment will determine the size of its expansion, speed and scope of the economy in order to achieve the minimum entropy internal and achieve sustainable development, which provides new thinking for expansion strategy and management

    摘要通過對影響企業擴張度因素的分析以及熵思想下企業擴張度的重新界定，指出企業擴張必須遵循的原則就是，擴張必須基於自身核心競爭能力等內部基本元素的強弱與外部環境來確定其擴張的規模、速度以及經濟范圍，以便達到內部熵能最小和持續發展的目的。
  12. In a word, china ' s enterprises also need to absorb foreign capital inherently. of course, we must have the aid of investment bank to realize the goals. the investment bank can help these enterprises expand their capital scales by m & a and asset reorganization, etc. this is the very opportunity for investment bank to develop

    為改變國有企業體制不合理、整體經濟效率低下的狀況，必須藉助投資銀行，按照市場方式進行兼并收購、資產重組，優化結構，使企業進行高效的資本擴張，完成僅靠自身力量難以實現的跨行業、跨部門、跨地區、跨國界的重組，這是投資銀行大顯身手的絕佳機遇。
  13. In the part of basic theory in this thesis, beginning with the theory of social division, summarizing chinese - foreign industrial practice in media field, this thesis analyses the historical necessity of media ' s emergence and development. on the basis of synthesizing of classic theory in media industry and other concerning theories, this thesis also expounds the resource distribution of media industry. meanwhile, this thesis elucidates the profit pattern of media ' s micro - unit and the market expanding methods of media industry

    在基礎理論部份，從社會分工理論入手，結合中外媒體的市場實踐，論述了媒體產業形成和發展的歷史必然性；在綜合媒體產業經典作家的理論與媒體產業其它相關學說的基礎上，論述了媒體產業的資源配置問題，分析了媒介組織的市場贏利方式和媒體產業的市場擴張手段；重點解析了媒體產業「注意力資源求租」現象及其成因。
  14. With the global expansion of market, finance and economy, enterprises are facing more and more uncertainty, which increases the formation of enterprise risk, so modern enterprises have to attach great importance to risk management, and enhance the capability of risk resistance

    隨著市場、金融以及經濟的全球化擴張，企業面臨的不確定性因素越來越多，加大了企業風險的形成，現代企業必須重視風險管理，提高抗風險的能力。
  15. Oddly, the inferred elapsed time between ejection episodes, about 500 years, is too long to be explained by dynamic pulsations ( in which the star contracts and expands, in a gentle tussle between gravity and gas pressure ) and too short to represent thermal pulsations ( in which the star is driven out of equilibrium )

    奇怪的是，不連續噴發的間隔據推估大約是500年，但這段時間實在太長而不能以動力搏動（恆星因重力與氣體壓力間溫和的交互作用，而產生收縮與擴張的現象）來解釋，不過卻又短到無法用熱力搏動（恆星被驅向非平衡狀態）來描述。
  16. The author is of the opinion that, on one hand, the primary intention and motivation behind the eu ' s eastward enlargement is to achieve the ideology of " reunification of europe " through effective institutional expansion ; and on the other, to effect a " return to europe " through effective institutional convergence on the part of the ceecs

    這決定了東擴對于中東歐新成員國是一次重新塑造國內制度、實現全面歐洲化轉軌的歷史契機；對于歐盟則是一次制度一體化的深化，是一次制度擴張與制度消化能力的考驗，也是一次實施全面制度改革的巨大推動。
  17. As to fostering core competence, there are two main ways at the moment : one is cumulating through innovation by enterprise itself, the other is through corporation field ' s expansion, but nor of them is suitable for those enterprises in our country, so probing an effective way to foster corporation ' s core competence is really meaningful

    在培育企業核心能力方面，目前主要有兩條途徑：一是自我創新積累法；二是公司擴張法，這兩條途徑都不太適合我國企業的實際，探索一條培育核心能力的有效途徑無疑有重要的意義。
  18. At first reviewing the history of strategy management ; on the basis of analyzing the external environment and industry competition situation of this enterprise and analyzing its advantages and disadvantages. internal abilities, the paper points out the suitable development strategy for this enterprise - - the single - crop farming strategy concentrating its attention on piston ' s research and development producing and selling ; it should take advantage of established market network and good reputation on brand and select the style of initiative attack market leader strategy as its basic strategy ; meanwhile, it suggests that the enterprise should cultivate its own new core competence in the field of the piston ' s researching & designing rely on japanese and german technique ; according to the specific product ' s marketing status, it should acquire and maintain competitive advantages by adopting the low cost strategy and differentia strategy on the different products ; quicken the product configuration adjustment, enlarge the productivity of diesel oil piston ; it should establish strategy cooperation partnership with those strong domestic and foreign main engine manufacture enterprises. finally, the paper gives suggestions on organization structure system innovation, human resource management and exploitation, market management, quality management, information construction in the course of the enterprise strategy being implemented

    首先回顧了戰略管理理論的發展演變歷程；然後通過對該公司的宏觀環境、行業競爭態勢以及企業的優劣勢、內部能力等方面的分析，在此基礎上提出了適合該企業發展的戰略? ?專注于活塞產品的研製、開發、生產、銷售的單一經營戰略；充分發揮企業現有的在營銷、品牌方面的優勢，選擇積極進攻類型的市場領先者戰略作為其基礎戰略；並且提出了依託來自日本和德國的先進技術，培育企業在活塞產品設計、開發方面的新的核心競爭力的思路；根據產品市場的具體狀況在不同的產品線上分別採取成本領先及差異化戰略獲取和保持競爭優勢；加快產品結構調整，擴張柴油機活塞的生產能力；與實力強大的國內外主機企業建立戰略協作夥伴關系；最後對企業戰略實施中的組織機構、制度創新、人力資源管理與開發、市場營銷管理、質量管理、信息化建設等重要問題提出了自己的見解和建議。
  19. In the lean production strategy, there are the thinking of lean production should foster up, so as to reduce the cost as we can as possible, take advantage of the superiorities of labor and resources, to achieve the lower price and here are something that we should pay more attention to. in the third strategy, some questions have been answered about how to operate the capital flow, how to optimize the resources and to expand with lower cost, and how to utilize the resources in the tide of the reestablish

    實行精益生產方式，推行產品精益化戰略，則提出了汽車企業應該貫徹精益思想，盡量減少成本，利用國內的勞動力成本優勢和資源優勢實現產品的低成本，並指出了企業在實施該戰略過程中應注意的問題。利用資本市場，實施資本運營戰略，探討了汽車企業如何運用資本市場，進行低成本擴張，優化資源配置以及如何在重組浪潮中運用好企業的資源問題。
  20. Many professionals feel that supervisory bodies, in the name of consumer rights, are constantly pressing for new laws that give them more powers and at the same time shifting the responsibilities to professionals who find themselves defenselessly pressed to the wall at the receiving end. professionals are concerned about these moves as they change the mediatory role of professionals, narrow their scope of societal contribution and indirectly increase the cost of enterprises

    監管機構現正在藉著維護消費者為名，不斷提出新法例以擴張本身權力，同時亦將可負的責任推向無力自衛的專業人士身上，更令專業人士作為中介者的角色轉變，活動空間壓縮，這種亦是間接加重經營者成本的趨勢，令專業人士深感不安。
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