量子能級 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [liángzinéngjí]
量子能級
英文
quantum energy level-
Its tunable wave - region is over 100nm ( 701 812nm ) with the characteristics of simple manufacture and compact structure ; pulse with high energy can be obtained through q - switch for longer life ( 260us ) particles in upper level in this paper, tunable and q - switch mechanism and principle of working material alexandrite ( cr3 + : beal204 ) is firstly expatiated and analyzed. the experiment of tenability ( et ) and experiment of q - switch ( eq ) is proved feasible
該激光器波長在701 - 826nm之間，製作容易，結構緊湊；上能級粒子壽命長（ 260 s ） 、調q容易得到大能量輸出本論文首先對激光工作物質?紫翠寶石（ cr ~ （ 3 + ） ： beal _ 2o _ 4 ）的調諧與調q原理和機制進行了解釋與分析，確定了調諧與調q實驗的可行性。Ii ) energies of the sputtered atoms vary mainly from several to several teens ev, with few atoms " energy relatively high ; the emitting positions of the sputtered atoms are close to the corresponding incident ions ( in the order of angstrom ) ; the sputtered atoms are emitted mainly normally, and few are slantways ; energy and angular distributions of sputtered atoms are influenced by the energies and incident directions of incident ions, but the angular distributions are not influenced by the incident energy very greatly
Ii ）濺射原子的能量一般集中在幾個到十幾個電子伏特的范圍內，在高能量區域也有所分佈，但數量很少;濺射原子的出射位置就在離子入射位置的附近（埃數量級） ;濺射原子的角度在垂直方向和斜射方向都有所分佈，但以垂直出射為主;濺射原子的能量、角度分佈受到了入射離子能量、角度的影響，但入射離子能量對濺射原子的出射角影響不大。Adopting the assummation that the quark interaction is the sum of the usual one - gluon direct exchange and the mixture of linear scalar and vector potentials, we structure the relativistic corrections of order v2 / c2to the cornell potential, including the annihilation potential for the quark and antiquark of the same favors which plays the same role with the one - gluon direct exchange at short distances. the effects of the relativistic corrections on the hyperfine splittings of quarkonium states are discussed, and a good fit to the available experimental data is obtained on heavy quarkonium mass spectra
采納庫侖勢源於單膠子直接交換，而線性禁閉源於標量和矢量的混合，同時考慮在短程區域與單膠子直接交換起同樣作用的同味正反夸克的湮滅，構造了靜態夸克-反夸克勢到v ~ 2 c ~ 2級次的完全相對論修正，並擬合計算了重介子偶素的能譜，討論了相對論修正對重介子偶素能級分裂的作用。Collisonal quantum interference ( cqi ) was observed in the intramolecular rotational energy transfer in the experiment of the static cell, and the integral interference angles were measured. to observe more precise information, the experiment in the molecular beam should be taken, from which the differential interference angle can be obtained precisely. in this paper, the theoretical model of cqi is described in an atom - diatom system in the condition of the molecular beam, based on the first - born approximation of time dependent perturbation theory, taking into accounts the anisotropic lennard - jones interaction potentials. the method of observing and measuring correctly the differential interference angle is presented. the changing tendencies of the differential interference angle with the impact parameter, velocity, and et al. are discussed
分子內部轉動傳能的靜態池實驗觀察到了碰撞量子干涉效應（ cqi ） ，並且測得積分干涉角，為了獲得更加精確的分子內部轉動傳能的碰撞量子干涉效應信息，實驗就必須要採用分子束實驗進行.本文理論上採用各項異性相互作用勢，應用含時微擾理論的一級波恩近似，假想在分子束實驗的條件下，建立在原子-雙原子分子體系中碰撞量子干涉的理論模型.理論上推導出微分干涉角具體表達式，通過計算定性地討論了微分干涉角隨著碰撞參數、速率等的變化趨勢，同時初步探討了實驗的正確觀測途徑，得出了採用分子束進行實驗觀測的實驗方法，為進一步進行分子束實驗提供了理論基礎，對實驗的進行起到了一定的借鑒作用The key components in laser gyro is he - ne ring laser, and the reciprocal action theory between light and medium is the base in studying the ring laser, use the lamb half classical theory, and on the base of density matrix theory, the optical brounch equation was established, which described the movement of amplifying medium atom in the ring syntonic cavity, and according to the medium polarize theory the self consistent equations was deduced, which describe the light intensity and phasic of the counter - propagating wave. on the basis of this equations, adopted the simulation software matlab and virtual instrument programming language labwindows / cvi, we can do some simulated experiments in study the phenomenas such as amplify and dispersive characteristic of medium, mode pushing effection, burned hole effection and pattern competition, lock - in of frequency and the characteristic of light intensity and phasic of the counter - propagating wave in laser gyro
激光陀螺的核心部件為he - ne環形激光器，而掌握光與介質的相互作用理論是研究激光器的關鍵，採用拉姆半經典理論為主，在密度矩陣理論的基礎上，推導環形諧振腔中描述he - ne氣體增益介質原子運動的光學布洛赫方程，運用介質極化理論得出描述激光陀螺反向行波的光強、位相所滿足的自洽場方程組，在此基礎上，運用matlab模擬軟體和虛擬儀器編程語言labwindows / cvi ，對激光陀螺中的介質增益色散特性、頻率牽引效應、燒孔效應及模競爭、閉鎖效應及環激光的光強和相位特性進行模擬試驗研究，並且運用全量子理論，對激光工作原理進行分析，得出二能級系統單模輻射場的光子數密度分佈，得出激光場的光子統計分佈，模擬激光場的動態建立過程。We analyze the influences of the perturbed energy - level space and superposion, laser power and intermediate level offset on quantum interference. experimentally, in the sodium dimmer rhomb - type four - level system with a pair of perturbed levels, the interference enhancement of two - photon absorption caused by coherent superposition of the perturbed levels is experimentally observed
分析了微擾能級的間隔和疊加程度、激光功率以及中間能級的失諧對量子干涉效應的影響，實驗上觀察了包含有一對微擾疊加中間能級的菱形四能級系統中的雙光子激發現象，發現微擾能級的相干疊加可增強雙光子吸收。In chapter 2, the principles of mdc for twts, refocusing and the influence of the secondary electrons are analyzed. the electron energy entering the collector is analyzed
第二章從分析互作用后電子能量分佈入手，分析多級降壓收集極的工作原理、再聚焦原理和次級電子的影響。It is derived the hamiltonian for the interaction of a - type three - level atom with a two - mode quantum cavity field from the general interaction hamiltonian between a multi - level atom and a multi - mode radiation field, and reduce it into an effective two - mode raman - coupled mode under large detuning condition. it is proposed a modified effective hamiltonian for the two - mode raman - coupled model. it is found the time - dependent state vectors and present validity conditions for the involved interaction hamiltonians. it is shown that in the study of the two - mode raman - coupled model it is not enough to retain only the usually used effective hamiltonian, one must also take into account the ac stark shift of the atomic levels ( at least one of the levels ). finally, it is studied the atomic dynamics in the interaction of a - type three - level atom with a two - mode quantum cavity field and in the two - mode raman - coupled model. it is found that the number of collapse - revivals, the collapse time and the revival time show new characteristics
從多能級原子與多模光場的相互作用哈密頓量出發，導出了型三能級原子與雙模光場的相互作用哈密頓量.在大失諧條件下將其化成等效的二能級形式雙模喇曼耦合模型.提出了該模型的一個改進型等效哈密頓量.該哈密頓量由兩部分構成：一部為通常所謂的等效哈密頓量，另一部分描述原子能級的動態斯塔克移動.研究表明，在雙模喇曼耦合模型的研究中，只考慮前者是不夠的，還必須考慮後者.最後，我們研究了該系統中原子的動力學行為，發現崩塌-復甦的數目、崩塌時間和復甦時間均呈現新的特性The influence of quantum number loss on alkaline metal atomic energy level
量子數虧損對堿金屬原子能級的影響Expanding the system ' s hamiltonian to a real symmetric matrix in an appropriate orthogonal basis vector and then diagonalizing it, we get the energy spectrum of the system and calculate the energy level spacing distribution function and the spectral rigidity. then we study the statistical character of the energy spectrum under the changing of magnetic field intension and find that the system ' s motion transfers from regular to chaos gradually
將系統的哈密頓量在一個適當的正交基矢下展開並對角化，得到系統的能譜，分別計算系統能譜的能級間距分佈函數和譜剛度，研究了該系統量子能譜的統計特徵隨磁感應強度大小的改變而表現出的系統運動由規則到混沌的漸進變化。Standard practice for characterizing neutron energy fluence spectra in terms of an equivalent monoenergetic neutron fluence for radiation - hardness testing of electronics
確定電子輻射強度試驗用等效單能級中子流量的能級中中子能量流量能譜的特徵的標準規程When there is nonzero distance interaction, the classical is pseudointegrable, but the spectrum statistics transfer from poission distribution to goe distribution, that mean quantum system is non - integrable
通過數值方法計算系統的量子能級，發現能級譜統計分佈卻由poisson分佈逐漸過渡到goe分佈，出現了量子混沌現象，這個結果與一般情況下經典和量子的對應關系不符。The quantization condition is that the average lyapunov exponents show local minima as a function of the classical energy. this emphasizes that the quantized levels request the least global chaoticity
這一觀點強調了體系的量子能級具有整體的最小混沌程度，是從混沌的角度來研究量子化問題的。When observing energy level of a chaotic system changing with one of the parameter, there are many avoided crossing, which possibly is an important sign of quantum chaos
在研究經典混沌系統的量子能級隨某一參數變化時，人們觀察到了大量的「能級迴避交叉」 ，這種現象很可能是量子混沌的一個重要標志。Using the canonical variable representation ( x, p ), the light - damping oscillator is discussed by the corrected time - dependent perturbation methods of dirac, it is turned out that the energy levels have shift and breadth, and the wave function decaying with time exponentially
採用正則變數（ x ， p ）表象討論輕阻尼振子，並對量子力學含時微擾的狄拉克方法加以修改，得出量子能級有位移和寬度，以及波函數出現隨時間指數衰減的行為Based on the theoretical analysis and experimental researches, it is presented that the wider spectra are resulted from the many fluorophores with large numbers of vibrational energy levels on the ground level in the blood cells, and the reduction of the spectral intensity is due to the reabsorption of the blood cells and the energy transfer of the collisions between the fluorophore and another one or other macromolecule. on the other hand, when the concentration of the blood cells is increased, the reabsorption of the blood cells, the secondary fluorescence due to the reabsorption and the influence of the concentration on the energy levels of fluorophores are all the factors of the red - shifted spectral peaks
在進行理論分析和研究的基礎上，提出了因血細胞中存在多種熒光團，且這些熒光團的電子能級上又存在大量的不同的振動能級，從而導致被激發的熒光團發出較寬的熒光光譜；血細胞濃度的增大，熒光團以及其他大分子之間的距離變小，造成它們之間因碰撞的能量轉移概率加大，因而易產生熒光猝滅，結果導致熒光強度的變小；血細胞溶液中重吸收所導致的熒光猝滅和二次熒光發射，以及血細胞濃度的變化對其中熒光團能級系統的影響都是導致熒光峰值波長「紅移」的原因；進而研究了led光誘導血細胞產生熒光光譜的機理。In a word, a new method that theoretically calculates the relativistic corrections and the fine structure of the energy levels in two - electron atom, including the atomic hamiltonian expressed by spherical tensors, the calculation of the angular matrix elements and the summations over spin of the various interactions in the atomic hamiltonian, and the approximate calculation of the radial matrix elements, has been provided in this thesis
總之，本文為雙電子原子能級的相對論修正和精細結構的理論計算提供了一種新的方法，包括原子哈密頓算符的球張量表示方法、原子哈密頓中各種相互作用項的角向矩陣元和自旋求和的計算方法，以及徑向矩陣元的近似計算方法Differences between the energy levels of molecules are the sources of energy for all living cells and organisms.
所有活細胞或生物體能量的來源是分子能級的差別。Bfs sensitively probes inter - electron correlation, relativistic and quantum electrodynamics corrections, so it can be used to test the basic many - body atomic theory or interpret spectra from space. the main contents of this dissertation are as follows : 1 the history and development of beam - foil spectroscopy are reviewed, and the characteristics of bfs are also described. the main applications in the spectroscopic studies and lifetime measurement of highly ionized ions are summarized
本文對高離化態cu和ge離子的光譜進行實驗研究，得到了一些新的實驗結果，論文的主要內容如下： 1回顧了束箔光譜法的發展歷史，介紹了束箔光譜法的優點；總結了束箔光譜法在高離化態原子能級研究，高離化態原子能級壽命測量等方面的主要用途。In chapter 4, we study the electronic effective masses of single - wall carbon nanotubes by using band structures of them
在第四章中，基於單壁碳納米管的電子能級結構，我們研究了單壁碳納米管的電子有效質量特徵。分享友人