間代遺傳 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jiāndàiyízhuàn]
間代遺傳 英文
atavism
  • 間 : 間Ⅰ名詞1 （中間） between; among 2 （一定的空間或時間里） with a definite time or space 3 （一間...
  • 代 : Ⅰ動詞1 （代替） take the place of; be in place of 2 （代理） act on behalf of; acting Ⅱ名詞1 （歷...
  • 遺 : 遺動詞[書面語] （贈與） offer as a gift; make a present of sth : 遺之千金 present sb with a gener...
  • 傳 : 傳名詞1 （解釋經文的著作） commentaries on classics 2 （傳記） biography 3 （敘述歷史故事的作品）...
  • 遺傳 : [生物學] heredity; hereditary; inheritance; inherit
  1. Chlamys farreri, which belongs to mollusca, bivalvia, pterioidae pectinidae, are widely distributed on the china from donghai sea to bohai sea, korea and japan. this species has been the main aquacultrue shellfish for many years in northchina

    利用同工酶技術，對中國櫛孔扇貝和日本櫛孔扇貝的遺傳差異進行了比較分析，並對它們的正反交後代的酶表型及遺傳型進行了分析，探討了亞種間雜交的機制。
  2. This paper summarized the inheritance and variation of main biological and economic characters in rape progeny from hybridization and distant crossing, inquired into the selective mating of hybrid parent and the selection of hybrid progeny, analyzed the problems which had existed in rape distant crossing breeding, and put forward some ideas for accelerating the stability of characters in distant crossing progeny

    概述了油菜品種間雜交後代及遠緣雜交後代主要生物學性狀和經濟性狀的遺傳變異現象；對雜交親本的選配及雜種後代的選擇進行了探討，分析了油菜遠緣雜交育種中存在的問題，就加速遠緣雜種後代的穩定提出了一些見解。
  3. Some of these events may appear to recapitulate features of primitive genomes, providing indirect clues as to how early genetic systems could have functioned

    隔代遺傳中的一些事件可能會再次反映出原始基因組的特徵，從而為早期遺傳學系統是如何擁有功能提供間接的線索。
  4. The karyotye analysis was made on the 5th passage, the number of the chromosomes ranged from 187 to 200, and no heteroploid cell was found

    對第5代的傳代細胞進行了遺傳學分析，傳代4次之後，其染色體形態正常， 4n為187一200之間，未發現明顯的異倍化現象。
  5. Compared with the 5. 8s complete sequence of the snail arion rufus, its1 and its2 regions were recognized and combined for analysis. from sequence observation, it showed that the zhejiang sample has more inserted sites and fragments while the sequences of other three are nearly all the same. the average g % + c % of the four individuals was 46. 8 % while the zhejiang sample ' s was 48. 3 % and the other three ' s were all about 46. 2 % ; ts / tv and genetic distance mainly lies between the zhejiang sample and the other three individuals, which were 0. 8 and 0. 07 respectively

    用於比較的序列長約350bp ，觀測一級結構，加拿大、墨西哥灣扇貝和美國二代個體的its1和its2序列幾乎完全相同，而浙江個體則具有較多的插入位點與片段； 4個個體平均g + c含量46 . 8 % ，其中浙江個體為48 . 3 % ，其它3個個體均為46 . 2 %左右；轉換顛換比與遺傳距離主要存在於浙江個體與其它3個個體之間，分別為0 . 8和0 . 07左右；以櫛孔扇貝作外群構建的分子系統樹表明：浙江群體已產生了一定的分化。
  6. Europeans, on the other hand, see israel as a reminder of the atavistic forces ? from nationalism to militarism ? that it has spent the post - war years trying to grow beyond

    另一方面，歐洲人把以色列看作隔代遺傳的從民族主義到軍國主義力量的提示者，而以色列用戰后數年的時間試圖走出這個范疇。
  7. The authors discovered four peculiar phenomena, i. e., the self seed - setting and its genetic stability of the autoteraploid rice, the early - generation stabilization in the cites between alloploid rices, the self embryogenesis of autoteraploid rice wider isolated conditions, and a high seed - setting percentage in some plants of autotetraploid rice after the treatment of ion beam, in the research of autotriploid and autotetraploid rices

    在對同源三倍體水稻和同源四倍體水稻的研究中發現了值得注意的4種奇特現象，即同源三倍體水稻的結籽現象及其倍性的遺傳穩定性、在異倍性水稻間的雜交後代中早世代性狀穩定遺傳的現象、在隔離條件下同源四倍體的胚自發現象和離子束注入后同源四倍體水稻單株的高結實現象。
  8. As for the genetic distances, zhejiang population is closer to canada population and their genetic distance is 0. 0319 ; mexico bay scallop population and american f2 population are closer and their genetic distance is 0. 0368

    從遺傳距離分析，浙江群體與加拿大群體較為接近，兩者間的遺傳距離為0 . 0319 ，而墨西哥灣扇貝群體與美國二代群體較為接近，兩者間的遺傳距離為0 . 0368 。
  9. The scientists used their revamped evolutionary tree to predict which species would be venomous and put more than a hundred species to the test by looking for venom - delivery mechanisms

    研究員稱，最早的有毒魚類的生活時間遠早於先前的估計.因此它的遺傳樹包含了更多的分支，並且影響到更多的現代物種
  10. There was no obvious change in genetic diversity between the cs201 and cs202, but the genetic diversity of 8203 is lower than the former 2 stocks

    Afi 。 p測試的連續選育群體的遺傳多樣性在cs201和cs202第二代之間變化不大，但cs203的遺傳多樣性有明顯的下降趨勢； aflp也可產生豐富的遺傳標記。
  11. With the development of computer technology, the prominent characteristics of modern science and technology are each subject " s intercrossing, penetrating and promoting. during the course of theory investigating and practice, a great of problems are about to optimization. using genetic algorithms to optimize has been the wide focus

    隨著計算機技術的發展，各學科之間相互交叉、相互滲透、相互促進是近代科學技術發展的顯著特點之一，在理論研究與實踐的過程中存在著大量與優化相關的問題，利用遺傳演算法來進行優化已成為人們普遍關注的焦點。
  12. Fifty nine accessions of soybean [ glycine max ( l. ) merr. ] of 301 ones from huanghuaihai and middle - lower changjiang valleys were tested at seedling stage in two years for their drought tolerance by using the mean membership index value averaged over those of plant height, leaf number, root dry weight, stem and leaf dry weight. 4 tolerant accessions ( rank 1 ) and 2 sensitive ones ( rank 5 ) were identified

    摘要從301份大豆品種中按根系類型選取黃淮海和長江中下游地區代表性材料59份，在苗期乾旱脅迫和非脅迫條件下對地上部和地下部性狀進行2年重復鑒定，發現材料間性狀隸屬函數值具有豐富遺傳變異，以株高、葉齡、根干重和莖葉干重隸屬函數的算術平均數為抗旱綜合指標，從中篩選出漢中八月黃、晉豆14 、科豐1號、圓黑豆等強耐旱型（ 1級）材料和臨河大粉青、寧海晚黃豆等乾旱敏感型（ 5級）材料。
  13. Simple genetic algorithm gets local minimization too easily and converges slowly. to solve these problems, adaptive crossover rate that has reverse hyperbolic rel ation with the numbers of iteration is designed, and adaptive mutation rate that has reverse proportion to the distances of parents and reverse exponential relat ion to the numbers of iteration is put forward. the practical simulation results show that the adaptive ga has greater convergence speed and larger probability o f getting the best solution

    簡單遺傳演算法存在著收斂速度慢、易陷入局部極小等缺陷.針對這些缺陷，本文設計出隨相對遺傳代數呈雙曲線下降的自適應交換率，並提出與父串間的相對歐氏距離成反比、隨相對遺傳代數指數下降的自適應變異率.實例驗證表明，具有自適應交換率和變異率的遺傳演算法在收斂速度和獲得全局最優解的概率兩個方面都有很大的提高
  14. Based on the genetic algorithm ' s global searching capability with probability regulation and euclid ' s space distance metric to settle multi - objective, the algorithm that integrates multi - objective ' s decision - making into the modified genetic algorithm to solute the optimal model with discrete variables and multi - objective is proposed. during the algorithm ' s design, the euclid ' s space distance metric is proposed to transform the multi - objective problem into single objective problem. and some modified measure to fitness function and crossover probability and mutation probability are used to improve the performance of the algorithm and avoid premature convergence

    演算法設計過程中，利用歐幾里德空間距離準則和罰函數法，將含有約束條件的多目標規劃問題轉化為無約束的單目標優化問題；針對簡單遺傳演算法出現的早熟，構造隨進化代數動態調整適應度的適應度函數和隨個體適應度自適應調整的交叉、變異概率；提出比例選擇與精英保留策略相結合的選擇、兩點交叉和簡單變異的改進遺傳演算法。
  15. The direct optimal model of multi - objective mixed discrete variables for lager - scale water supply system was established, by replacing complicated network hydraulic equation with nodal pressures macroscopic model and relationship model between pump stations flow and head in water supply systems without tanks or towers, genetic algorithm was developed to solve the direct optimal model

    以測壓點壓力宏觀模型、水源供水量和水源供水水頭之間的關系模型替代復雜的管網水力平衡方程，建立了大型供水系統的多目標混合離散變量的直接優化調度模型。在沒有水池和水塔的供水系統中，利用遺傳演算法對直接優化調度模型進行求解。
  16. A modified genetic algorithm ( mga ) framework was developed and applied to the flowshop sequencing problems with objective of minimizing mean total flowtime. to improve the general genetic algorithm routine, two operations were introduced into the framework. firstly, the worst points were filtered off in each generation and replaced with the best individuals found in previous generations ; secondly, the most promising individual was selectively cultivating if a certain number of recent generations have not been improved yet. under conditions of flowshop machine, the initial population generation and crossover function can also be improved when the mga framework is implemented. computational experiments with random samples show that the mga is superior to general genetic algorithm in performance and comparable to special - purpose heuristic algorithms. the mga framework can also be easily extended to other optimizations even though it will be implemented differently in detail

    提出了一個改進遺傳演算法的結構，並且應用於帶有目標是最小平均總流程時間的流水調度排序中.為了改進一般遺傳演算法的程序，兩個新的操作被引進到這個操作中.這兩個操作為： 1 ）過濾操作：過濾掉在每一代中的最壞的個體，用前一代中的最好的個體替代它； 2 ）培育操作：當在一定代數內演算法不改進時，選擇一個培育操作用於培育最有希望的個體.通過大量的隨機產生的問題的例子的計算機實驗顯示出，提出的演算法的性能明顯好於一般遺傳演算法，並且和此問題的最好的專門意義的啟發式演算法相匹配.新的mga框架很容易擴展到其它最優化當中，只是實施的詳細的步驟有所不同
  17. By sun, bo ( major : marine biology ) directed by professor zhang, guofan and dr. liu, xiao population genetics of four argopecten irradians cultured populations was analyzed by using random amplification polymorphism dna ( rapd ) techniques. and partial dna sequences of the internal transcribed spacers ( its ) from four representative samples ( one sample represent for each population ) were amplified by pcr and sequenced in order to stress the phylogenetic relationships of the four populations. besides, by rapd technique, two argopecten irradians families were studied to examine whether the hybridization experiments were successful and which family was more suitable to be materials in future genetic linkage map construction

    本文以海灣扇貝4個養殖群體為研究對象，採用隨機引物多態性dna （ rapd ）技術進行了群體遺傳學研究，並嘗試使用4個群體中代表個體的內轉錄間隔區（ its ）序列比對分析結果作為參考；另外，本文還運用rapd技術對人工異體交配的2個海灣扇貝家系的雜交成功率進行了分析，均獲得成功證實，並評估了兩個家系構建遺傳連鎖圖譜的潛力。
  18. This thesis suggests a process considered minimizes the population size as similar individuals occur in the fitter members of the population, which helps reduce the execution times for ga by removing the redundancy associated with the saturation effect found in the later generation. this thesis uses a method that adds dynamic penalty terms to the fitness function according to the optimal degree of solutions, so as to create a gradient toward a feasible suboptimal or even optimal solutions. on the basis of the difference of the biggest and the smallest of fitness of individual, modifying the fitness function in order to convergence is a satisfaction

    動態調節種群大小，去掉遺傳演算法在迭代後期搜索產生的過多相似個體，達到減少計算時間的目的；按照解的優劣程度給適應度函數增加一個在ga搜索過程中動態改變的可變罰函數，給搜索最優解創造一個梯度，使遺傳演算法收斂到可行的較優解或最優解；根據適應度值最大和最小個體的差修正適應度函數，使適應度函數值適中不容易造成收斂太快、局部收斂或根本不收斂而變成隨機搜索；為了避免「近親繁殖」採用競爭擇優的交叉操作；利用并行遺傳演算法的思想，提出一種自適應多子種群進化策略；提出人口汰新政策來解決類似甚至相同的個體的情況發生。
  19. If genetic algorithms are employed, particularly, to optimize the fuzzy controller, it will contribute to the new ideal for the separation of artificial intelligence. the aim of this paper is to use a based - on ga fuzzy controller to control the centrifugal separation between slurries and water. the paper is made up three sections : in the first one, we introduce the principle of the technique of centrifugal separation, which specially and systemically is introduced because the mixture is separated in the decanter

    本文首先系統的介紹了離心沉降分離技術的原理，特別介紹了分離物料在臥螺離心機內的分離原理以及影響分離效果的內部和外部因素，為採用模糊控制代替傳統的分離控制奠定了理論基礎；其次，對模糊控制器的特點進行詳細的剖析，將其與黃河泥沙分離工程的特點進行融合，取長補短，找到它們的切合點，提出了基於ga的最優的模糊控制器的設計方法；然後採用遺傳演算法來優化模糊控制器的查詢表，縮短系統控制的調節時間。
  20. The rest mutations in pp38 and pp24 are at random. sequence analysis also shows the first 195 nuclear acids of pp38 and pp24 are the same except for the 81 site ( g / c ), but this mutation does not cause the change of amino acid. we regard this as a genetic marker connecting with geography in the evolution of mdv but not related to isolated time and pathotype of different strain of mdv i

    對pp24基因和pp38基因進行同源性比較分析的結果表明，絕大多數毒株二者的前195個核苷酸完全一致，不同毒株間的第81位核苷酸的差異（ g / c ）並不引起編碼的氨基酸變化，僅僅與地域分佈有關，這很可能是mdv在長期病毒衍化過程中形成的地域性遺傳標志，而與病毒的分離年代及mdv的致病型等因素無關。
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