隨機值變化 的英文怎麼說

The results indicate that : 1. the main physical and chemical characteristics vary regularly : with rising of the altitude, there is a transition from silt > sand > clay to sand > silt > clay in the mechanical composition ; the argic horizon emerges below the altitude of 1600 meters ; the content of organic matter is enrichment, the content of organic carbon of epipedon is higher than 20 g / kg, while the content of organic carbon increases with increasing of altitude, and in the altitude of 3500 - 3700meters, the soils under the meadow have the maximum content organic carbon ; the soils appear acid - slightly acid reaction, the ph decreases appreciably and acid strengthen with increasing of altitude ; the soils higher than the altitude of 2500 meters are base unsaturated, indicating the soil leaching is strong, the ph and bs are distinct plus correlated ; the contents of sio2, al2o3, and fe2o3 of the soil body and clay are all relatively stabilization ; in the soil body, the content of sio2 is much high and cao is very little, the total contents of sio2, a12o3 and fe2o3 occupy 92 % of the mineral parts, the sequence of mineral elements is : sio2 > al2o3 > fe2o3 > k2o > mgo > cao > tio2 > mno

研究結果表明： 1太白山南坡土壤的主要理化性質隨海拔高度的上升呈有規律的變化：隨海拔高度上升，機械組成由粉粒砂粒粘粒逐漸過渡到砂粒粉粒粘粒，海拔1600m以下出現粘化層；土壤有機質豐富，表層有機碳含量一般在20g kg以上，有機碳含量隨海拔高度升高而相應增加，海拔3500 3700m的灌叢草甸植被下有機碳含量最高；土壤呈酸性或微酸性，並隨海拔上升， ph值略微降低，酸性增強，海拔2700m以上的土壤多呈鹽基不飽和狀態，表明土壤淋溶作用較強， ph值和鹽基飽和度呈極顯著正相關；土體與粘粒中的sio _ 2 、 al _ 2o _ 3 、 fe _ 2o _ 3含量相對比較穩定，土體中sio _ 2含量較高， cao含量較少， sio _ 2 、 al _ 2o _ 3和fe _ 2o _ 3含量之和約占土壤礦質部分的92 ，礦質元素含量的順序依次為： sio _ 2 al _ 2o _ 3 fe _ 2o _ 3 k _ 2o mgo cao tio _ 2 mno 。

According to the research of physiological and biochemical indicators or index, components of soluble proteins, substrate protein of phosphorylation and the activity of protein kinase in low - temperature stress in the leaves of brassica oleracea l., we tried to find the law of the physiological and biochemical response of brassica oleracea l. leaf to low temperature. at the same time, discussion on the signal transduction can also provide further evidences for revealing the mechanism of low - temperature stress. the results are showed as follows : malondialdehyde ( mda ), superoxide dismutase ( sod ), ascorbate peroxidase ( asp ) and peroxidase ( pod ) activities were changed greatly after 0 ~ 30min ' s treating with low temperature

本文以甘藍葉片為材料，通過對低溫5脅迫下甘藍生理生化指標、可溶性蛋白組分以及磷酸化底物蛋白、蛋白激酶活性的研究，以期找出甘藍葉片對低溫脅迫的生理生化響應規律，為甘藍露地越冬栽培防範寒害提供理論指導，同時對低溫脅迫下甘藍逆境信號傳導進行了探討，從而為徹底弄清低溫脅迫機理提供進一步的證據，研究的主要結果如下：丙二醛含量（ mda ） 、超氧化物歧化酶（ sod ） 、抗壞血酸過氧化物酶（ asp ）和過氧化物酶（ pod ）活性在低溫處理0 30min發生顯著變化，低溫處理3min后，甘藍葉片內mda含量基本沒有變化，處理5min時出現第一個峰值，達到對照的104 . 10 ， 10min出現低谷，僅為對照的86 . 27 ，隨后再次上升， 30min時超過第一峰值，為對照的113 . 93 。

This paper takes mobile engineering department equipment management of daqing petrochemical parent company as an example, and studies the design and application of equipment management system of daqing petrochemical parent company, for the implement of computerizing the equipment entire process management with the equipment management system and completing the synthesis management, the records management, the expense management, the fixed asset management, the specialized management and the information management with the computer system and making in the manual management some qualitative and stochastic ingredients transforming into the quantitative standard management. so it guarantees that we can perform advanced predicting management in the entire process of the matter movement and the value movement of equipment and complete the equipment servicing transition from the compulsory servicing and afterwards servicing to the preventive servicing, improving work quality, efficiency and modernized degree which the equipment manages and assisting enterprise ’ s equipment management decision - making and the whole realization of management goal and enhancing the enterprise ’ s interior equipment utilization and realizing its maximum profit

本文以大慶石化總廠機動工程部的設備管理為例，對大慶石化總廠設備管理系統的設計與應用進行研究，旨在通過設備管理系統實現設備全過程管理計算機化，由計算機系統來完成設備的綜合管理、檔案管理、費用管理、固定資產管理、專業管理及信息管理，使人工管理中一些定性的、隨機的成分轉變為定量的規范的管理，保證大慶石化總廠對設備的物質運動和價值運動的全過程實行先進的可預知性管理，並逐漸將設備維修從目前的以強制性維修及事後維修為主過渡到以預防性維修為主，提高設備管理的工作質量、效率和現代化程度，輔助企業的設備管理工作決策及經營管理目標的整體實現，提高大慶石化總廠內部設備的利用率及實現其最大的經濟效益。

The relational expression of the speed difference of drum and spiral propeller ( 0 ) and the difference of drum speed and input speed of the differential gear ( 1 ) is derived

由於鉆井液的比重和粘度是隨井下情況變化的不確定值，且現場對鉆井液的處理量時有變化，需隨時調節0或1以調節離心機的處理能力和效果。

There are many adaptive changes in the two research subjects ( artemisia. songarica schrenk. and seriphidium. santolinum ( schrenk ) polijak. ) in morphology and anatomy, such as with the increase of the daily age, the root - shoots ratio increased ; the root became stronger ; the ratio of leaf volume and leaf area increased ; the volume of epidermic cell decreased ; the cut - icle and phellem layer on the surface of root thickened. stoma caved in leaf ; epidermal hair of leaf and stem well - developed, palisde tissue developed well, the cell gap decreased ; the spongy tissue disappeared ; leaf is kinds of isolateralthat is the typical xeromorphic structure ; crystal cell and fibric cell increased ; conducting tissue and mechanical tissue developed well ; bundle sheath appeared

實驗研究的兩種菊科（ compositae ）植物（準噶爾沙蒿（ artemisiasongaricaschrenk ）和沙漠絹蒿（ seriphidiumsantolinum （ schrenk ） poljak . ） ） ，形態解剖方面的變化表現為：隨日齡增加，根長/株高比值日益增大；根系逐漸發達；體積與葉面積比逐漸增大；表皮細胞體積變小；角質層增厚；根外部出現加厚的木栓層；氣孔下陷；葉、莖部的表皮毛密布，柵欄組織日益發達；而細胞間隙日漸變小；海綿組織逐漸消失；葉面結構常為典型旱生結構? ?等葉面；晶細胞及纖維細胞數目增多；輸導組織、機械組織日漸發達；具有維管束鞘等等。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

Ir, sem - edx, and water contact angle measurements on polysilane and polyacrylate film obtained by double operations and single operation showed that the influence of weight ratio of polymers, the molecular of pmma on film structure was great. the film translucence dropping while the ratio of pmma / pmts grew and the compatible reducing while the molecular of pmma increased

通過測定所配製的系列濃度聚合物甲苯溶液、 thf溶液的表面張力發現：有機硅聚合物溶液的表面張力值在有機硅聚合物濃度低於30時變化不明顯；而甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物溶液表面張力值隨甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物濃度的變化比有機硅聚合物溶液明顯。

To analyze the distribution of chinese decor industry customers " internal value index and to find the method of brand positioning based on customer internal value, the author apply the " graphics of consumers " internal value " - an new method on analyzing the customer internal value - to chinese decor industry. based on an customer survey and much desk research and the case analysis, the author deeply explain the consuming habit of decor industry customers, analyze the distribution of decor industry customer internal value index and the characteristic of customer internal value in subdivided decor industry market, and analyze the strong points and weak points in brand positioning of famous decor brand " ikea "

本文是對消費者價值分佈和基於消費者價值的品牌定位的研究，旨在通過借鑒著名國際市場研究公司羅蘭?貝格戰略咨詢公司所開發出的「消費者價值分布圖解法」 ，並基於對中國上海204份隨機抽取的樣本所進行的問卷調查，深入分析中國家居市場消費者的價值元素分佈、消費者需求的變化趨勢、細分市場的消費者特徵，並探討國際著名家居品牌- - - - - -宜家家居- - - - - -在中國的品牌定位以及其品牌定位與其目標消費者價值分佈的聯系。

The stochastic optimization method is brought forward, which makes a great amount of simulation of other bidder ' s biding in electrical market, as for every simulation, genetic algorithm is applied to solve the optimization problem, in consideration of the restraint of direct current network, one optimal bid is got, then using the average optimal bids in a great number of simulations as the last optimal bids. the program using c + + language of this method is programmed and examples are discussed for simulation, examples prove the bidding method ' s validity

最後基於第五章的分析，提出了一種採用隨機優化和遺傳演算法相結合的競價方法，即對電力市場中各個競爭對手的報價作為隨機變量進行大量模擬，針對每一次模擬，在考慮直流潮流網路約束的情況下，用遺傳演算法求出一次模擬對應的最優報價，然後把大量模擬樣本求得的最優報價的均值，作為最優報價。

In the second section, three ( 2 co2 ) scenarios only considering climate change alone ( c scenario ) were generated first, using outputs of the giss, gfdl and ukmo gcms, combined with the baseline. then, climate change scenarios including change in climate variability ( c + v scenario ) were produced, based on 3 hypotheses and the weather generator ( wgen ) in dssat. finally, the ceres - wheat model was run under both the ( c + v ) scenarios and the baseline, and the combined effects of climate change and its variability with doubled co2 on whiter wheat production in the studied region were assessed, based on the results simulated comparison

在上述第2部分，首先利用baseline和國際上通用的3種大氣環流模型（ gcms ）即giss 、 gfdl和ukmo的有關網格點值，生成了研究區域3種不考慮氣候變率變化的（ 2 co _ 2 ）氣候變化情景（以下簡稱c情景） ；然後，提出了未來氣候變率可能變化的3種假設，並應用dssat （農業技術轉化決策支持系統）中的wgen （隨機天氣發生器） ，分別生成了研究區域（ 2 co _ 2 ）條件下兼顧氣候及其變率的氣候變化情景（以下簡稱c + v情景） ；再后，在上述（ c + v ）情景下分別運行ceres - wheat （作物-環境資源綜合系統-小麥） ，還考慮了大氣co _ 2濃度的直接影響，並與baseline條件下ceres - wheat的模擬值進行比較，在此基礎上評價了（ 2 co _ 2 ）條件下氣候及其變率變化對研究區域冬小麥生產的影響。

The advantages of the new method of calculating the vtec including : ( 1 ) because the instrumental bias is considered, the vtec ' s change going with time is closer to their real change. ( 2 ) with the precision of calculated the vtec improved, the vtec can reflect the increase of the vtec resulted from the solar flare

新的求解vtec的方法具有以下優點：考慮了gps衛星和接收機的儀器偏差的影響，計算的電子總量隨時間的變化更接近電離層的實際情況；提高了求解電子總量的精度，計算出的vtec值更能反映耀斑引起的電子總量的增加情況。

Based on the hydrodynamic energy transport model, the influence of variation of negative junction depth caused by concave depth on the characteristics of deep - sub - micron pmosfet has been studied. the results are explained by the interior physical mechanism and compared with that caused by the source / drain depth. research results indicate that with the increase of negative junction depth ( due to the increase of groove depth ), the threshold voltage increases, the sub - threshold characteristics and the drain current driving capability degrade, and the hot carrier immunity becomes better in deep - sub - micron pmosfet. the short - channel - effect suppression and hot - carrier - effect immunity are better, while the degradation of drain current driving ability is smaller than those with the increase of depth of negative junction caused by source / drain junction shallow. so the variation of concave depth is of great advantage to improve the characteristics of grooved - gate mosfet

基於能量輸運模型對由凹槽深度改變引起的負結深的變化對深亞微米槽柵pmosfet性能的影響進行了分析，對所得結果從器件內部物理機制上進行了討論，最後與由漏源結深變化導致的負結深的改變對器件特性的影響進行了對比.研究結果表明隨著負結深（凹槽深度）的增大，槽柵器件的閾值電壓升高，亞閾斜率退化，漏極驅動能力減弱，器件短溝道效應的抑制更為有效，抗熱載流子性能的提高較大，且器件的漏極驅動能力的退化要比改變結深小.因此，改變槽深加大負結深更有利於器件性能的提高

Robust optimization is a kind of valid design method that improves the product performance, combining robust and optimization, it adjusts name values of design variables and controls its deviation to promise robustness of the optimization solution. robust optimization includes : ( 1 ) selecting the random factor and turning with quantity ; ( 2 ) uncertainty analysis ; ( 3 ) applying results of uncertainty analysis in robust optimization models

穩健優化設計方法是提高產品性能的一種有效的設計方法，是穩健設計和優化設計兩種方法的結合，它是通過調整設計變量的名義值和控制其偏差來保證設計最優解的穩健性，包括三個步驟: （ 1 ）隨機因素的確定與量化; （ 2 ）不確定分析; （ 3 ）在穩健優化模型中合理地應用不確定分析的結果。

This paper abstracts financial transaction characteristics, describes ultra - high - frequency data with marked point process, defines transaction process intensity to present both transaction time interval changes and marks changes, derives sample function density and its maximum likelihood estimating formulation

本文通過抽象交?過程的特點，把成交時點變化用隨機點過程描述，把價格成交?等看作為成交時點上的標值，用標值隨機點過程描述交?過程。

This paper mainly deals with the subjects below : the problem on fem analysis, general reliability analysis and calculation, and optimization based on the general reliability of the random or fuzzy parameters structure ; and also brings forward a method for getting the fuzzy answers from the fem equation by taking the fuzzy multiplier from a fuzzy variable ; in the fem analysis and structural reliability optimization, the randomcity and fuzziness of the structural physical parameters and the load applied on the structures are all considered

文中對隨機和模糊參數結構在不確定性荷載作用下的結構有限元分析、可靠性分析和基於可靠性的優化設計等問題進行了研究。以桿系結構為對象，提出結構分析的模糊因子方法，其中分別或同時考慮了結構材料的物理參數、構件的幾何尺寸和作用荷載幅值等的隨機性和模糊性；對結構響應（位移、應力）為模糊變量時的廣義可靠度進行了推導。

This paper include the following parts. firstly the sine exciting - voltage is guaranteed by direct digital synthesize technology ; secondly the digital output of cos ( 9 ) and sin ( 9 ) are generated by microcontroller ; thirdly the two voltage signals which are the product of the two former signals gained by the multiplying d / a converter, being filtered and amplified, have constant frequency, and one amplitude has sine function relationship of with the input angle, and the other amplitude has cosine function relationship of with the input angle ; finally the two signals are acquired and analyzed by relative instrument and software

主要由以下幾部分組成：用數字頻率合成技術（ dds ）產生正弦激勵電壓信號u _ msin （ t ） ；用單片機產生幅度的數字量輸出sin （ ）和cos （ ） ；用乘法型d a轉換器實現激勵電壓和幅度的乘積，並通過濾波器和功放后即得到頻率固定，幅值隨輸入角成正餘弦變化的電壓信號；最後用數據採集卡採集輸出信號，顯示波形並進行頻譜分析。

Based on the theory of stochastic finite element, the structural parameters of frame - shear structure including stiffness and mass and damping are simulated to be stochastic variables. by solving recurrence equation of stochastic finite element, the duration curve of mean value and standard deviation of seismic response can be obtained for every floor of frame - shear structure. an analysis is thus given to the effects of independent variation and simultaneous variation of structural parameters on the seismic dynamic response of frame - shear structure. as shown by the results, with regard to frame - shear structure, the effect of variation of strucural parameters on the change of mean value are chiefly the increase of standard deviation of response. variation of stiffness will cause the response of frame - shear structure to variate greatly ; variation of mass shows less effect ; and variation of damping shows insignificant effect. the effects of simultaneous variation of various structral parametres on seismic response are only slightly greater than the effect of stiffness variation alone

以隨機有限元理論為基礎，將框剪結構的剛度、質量、阻尼等結構參數為隨機變量.通過求解隨機有限元的遞推方程，得到框剪結構各層的地震動力響應均值和標準差歷時曲線.分析結構參數單獨變異，以及同時變異對框剪結構地震響應的影響.研究結果表明，對框剪結構而言，結構參數的變異對響應的均值變化影響都不大，主要是增大響應的標準差.剛度的變異性將引起框剪結構的響應發生大幅度變異，質量的變異性影響稍小，阻尼的變異性影響不顯著.結構各參數的同時變異，對框剪結構地震響應的影響，僅比剛度單獨變異的影響稍大

It clearly allows us to engineer enzymes with novel functions and features by strategies, such as error - prone pcr, dna shuffling and stagger extension process ( step ), when very little is known about spatial configuration of proteins. therefore millions of years in nature can in principle be accomplished in the test within several years. according to the basic idea of directed evolution, we modified the a - aldc gene by error - prone pcr

它不需要事先了解酶的空間結構和催化機制，而通過在體外模擬自然進化機制（隨機突變，重組和自然選擇） ，利用易錯pcr ， dna改組，交錯延伸等方法，改造酶基因，定向選擇（或篩選）有價值的非天然酶，短期內在試管中完成在自然界需要幾百萬年的進化過程。

They can be used to assess or predict the reliability of corroded and cracked r. c. structures in marine environment. the stochastic model for assessment of chloride concentration in concrete is built by analyzing the stochastic process of chloride diffusion in concrete and taking account of the time variation of the diffusion coefficient

通過分析氯離子在混凝土中擴散的隨機過程，把擴散系數作為隨時間變化的函數，將混凝土表面氯離子濃度、保護層厚度作為隨機變量，建立了預測混凝土保護層中氯離子濃度分佈的隨機模型，推導出了氯離子濃度的均值和方差。

In the spread spectrum communication, the continuous - waves signal is transmitted. this kind of random time - variety may cause the varieties of the amplitude, doppler frequency and the phase of the received signal

在擴頻通信中，傳送的是連續波信號，這種隨機時變性會使接收信號的幅值、頻率和相位都發生變化。