離差常數 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [líchāchángshǔ]
離差常數
英文
constant of dispersion-
Formation constants of complex ions also are of widely varying accuracy.
一些絡離子生成常數的準確度差別也很大。This paper analyses the critical angle method that often use in focus detected. we receive two relations, the first relation between refractive index of the critical - angle prism and focus - error signal ; the second relation between numerical aperture of object lens and out - of - focus error signal
本文針對伺服系統中常用的調焦方法-臨界角方法進行了分析，理論上得到臨界角棱鏡的折射率、物鏡的數值孔徑與離焦誤差信號的關系。Firstly, a representative wind and wave model, which could both simulate the main characteristics of wig over sea waves and be suitable for numerical calculation, is presented. the model completely considers the fully nonlinear effect of wave surface on the wavy air flow, separates the disturbance of wave surface from the wing - air wave interaction flow, and overcomes the numerical calculation difficulties due to the large difference of dimensions between wing and water waves
首先針對機翼在風浪中的非定常非線性氣動力問題，提出了一個既能夠反映風浪場主要特徵又適合於數值計算的風浪場模型，該模型完整地考慮了波浪表面對氣流場的全非線性影響，使波面對流場的擾動分離出來，消除了機翼和波浪幾何尺度上的巨大差異帶來的數值計算上的困難。21 pajarola r, sainz m, lario r. extreme splatting : external memory multiresolution point visualization. department of computer science, university of california irvine, 2004, uci - ics - 04 - 14. 22 airey j m, rohlf j h, brooks f p jr. towards image realism with interactive update rates in complex virtual building environments
二是考察各個層次結點的幾何誤差情況，並為每種幾何誤差記錄序列中最先滿足該誤差要求的層次片段，以便成象時能很快剔除太粗糙的點數據，這對于模型的近距離成象是非常有用的。Backed up by the soplat theory based on particle kinematics, the second chapter of this paper presents with analysis and simulation of several single observer passive measurement models, which uses such relative movement parameters as bearings changing rates and centrifugal acceleration information on the basis of bearings measurements. in the third chapter, the observability of location respectively using bearings and its changing rates information and centrifugal acceleration information is analyzed, and its observable condition is got. the fourth chapter puts forward the modified covariance extended kalman filtering ( mvekf ) against the defect of traditional extended kalman filtering ( ekf ), whose performance is simultaneously compared in the chapter with the performance of ususal tracking algorithm such as ekf, mgekf, iekf by computer simulation
在近年來提出的基於質點運動學原理的單站無源定位理論基礎上，本文第二章提出了幾種在角度測量的基礎上增加角度變化率及相對運動的離心加速度等運動學參數的單站無源測量模型，並對它們進行了分析和模擬；第三章分別對利用角度及其變化率信息定位和利用離心加速度信息定位的可觀測性進行分析並得到了相應的可觀測條件；第四章針對傳統擴展卡爾曼（ ekf ）方法的缺點，提出了一種修正協方差的擴展卡爾曼濾波（ mvefk ）方法，並將其和ekf 、 mgekf 、 iekf等常用的單站無源定位濾波方法進行了性能模擬比較；第五章通過引入雷達機動目標跟蹤方法和模型，提出了利用角度及其變化率對機動輻射源跟蹤的多級噪聲自適應方法和imm方法；第六章主要對角度變化率和離心加速度參數的獲取技術進行了研究，提出了幾種高精度測量脈沖序列多普勒頻率變化率的方法。Several materials with large coefficient of expansion were selected to make packaging components, and it was found that the packaging materials have good temperature sensitivity and compatibility with optical fibers. experimental accuracy and repetition of fbg temperature sensitivity and compensation were discussed. have selected several materials which has bigger coefficient of expansion to do packaging components, have made many temperature experiments, there have not flaws, such as aging, crackle, absciss layer, packaging materials have good temperature sensitivity and compatibility with optical fiber ; have designed the simple and practical packaging components, have performed a serials of experiments about accuracy and repetition of fbg wave - length, have obtained the first step conclusion ; have analyzed the result and made comparison between the result of different experiment, have summarized the best packaging effect and several rules to reduce mistskes
本文所做的主要工作包括以下幾個內容：一、選取了常見的熱膨脹系數大的材料製作封裝元件，經過多次一80到80反復測試，封裝元件沒有出現老化開裂、封裝裂紋、空洞、離層等缺陷，封裝材料具有良好的溫敏穩定性及復用性，與光纖相容性較好；二、對光纖光柵進行簡單、實用的封裝處理，就封裝效果的優劣性、波長測量的準確度、重復性和封裝時產生的波長損失等方面進行了一系列的實驗，得出了初步的結論；三、對溫敏和溫度補償式封裝的實驗數據進行了詳細的分析和對比，從數字上對溫變過程中光纖光柵中心波長的改變及溫變曲線進行了定量的分析，在大量實驗數據分析結果的基礎上，總結出哪種材料封裝效果更好，以及如何有效的減小實驗誤差。If we know the value of the hubble s constant, we can determine the distance of a galaxy by means of hubble s law
例如上例中的星系，如果哈勃常數是60的話，它便距離地球150百萬秒差距。Multivariate morphometrics was conducted on the endemic asian genus sinibrama wu, 1939 in east asia in order to investigate the morphological variations among the 4 nominal species and subspecies known from south china. principal component analysis ( pca ) was performed respectively for seven meristic and thirty - two morphometric characters that were based on 224 specimens
運用多變量形態度量學方法，研究東亞特有魚類類群?華鯿屬魚類的形態差異，對其在分類學上存在疑問的物種的不同地理居群的18個框架測量距離、 14個常規測量距離和7個可數性狀進行了主成分分析。A significant difference on the scalar self - energy and effective mass of neutrons in asymmetric nuclear matter, especially in neutron matter, is observed. the difference would result in an unreasonable sigh of the extracted effective couplings for isovector mesons
利用這樣的耦合常數在rmf近似下計算的核物質的結合能與dbhf結果會有偏離，因而得到的核狀態方程也會有偏離，如在飽和點處結合能有小於2的偏差。An on - line minimum - variance estimator was developed for thrust acceleration applied to orbit transfer using discrete - time radar measurements. the mass - flow - rate of propellant was selected as a state variant, which was estimated by employing an integral state model and ekf filter. the variation equations for measurement vector to mass - flow - rate have been established to linearize the discrete - time measurement equations. the algorithm has applied successfully to maneuver process in commanding satellite into geo - stationary orbit. the results show that the algorithm developed here can monitor and determine whether engine works well or failure precisely and quickly during orbit transfer process
飛行器軌道機動過程中，為跟蹤、定位機動目標和干預機動控制過程，需要統計處理離散的雷達觀測量實時估計推進發動機的推力，進而確定飛行器的瞬時軌道參數.本文所述演算法是該工程問題的探討和解決方案.文章建立了軌道機動過程中連續變質量運動模型和離散雷達量測模型，推進發動機的質量秒耗量作為表徵推力加速度的一個近似常量，應用擴展卡爾曼濾波對離散的雷達測量數據進行順序統計處理給出秒耗量的最小方差估計;文章詳細地推導了線性化量測模型的變分方程和觀測矩陣;模擬結果表明該演算法能快速、準確地估計推進發動機的質量秒耗量和向機動目標施加的實際推力Simulation shows the study is a valuable reference for advancing exploration of real - time traffic anomaly detection. for non - stationary traffic, a general method is proposed based on a separation of the non - stationary traffic into disjoint components corresponding to normal and anomalous network conditions
通過計算隨機部分參數的邊緣分佈和殘差，從高維、非平穩流量中分離出包含異常的隨機部分，揭示了流量異常對隨機部分參數的影響。3 、 the single - phase laminar flow and heat transfer has been calculated by different discredited scheme in helical tube and the results are very in accord with the obtained experimental data
3 、採用不同的差分數值離散格式，對螺旋管內單相層流流動換熱進行了數值計算，深入了解螺旋管內單相流動及強化換熱機理，其計算結果和已有的實驗數據非常吻合。In general, the upward amplitude curve " curvature is larger, and it changes quicker. on the contrary, the downward is smaller and slower ; because the flare force contains the square of the wave elevation velocity, it results in an difference between the flare force frequence and the associated moving frequence ; the flare force decreases the downward amplitude of heaving oscillations ; the speed of ship has an ignorant effect on the peak values of three calculated values, but there is an obvious effect on the oscillating frequence ; the wave amplitude has an effect on the ship motion, and there is an linear relation between the oscillating amplitude and the wave amplitude on the whole. by the way, there are some experiences and lessons according to the progress calculation : before the calculation of the ship motion, we should checkout the balance in a calm water firstly, namely, the whole displace of ship and the longitudinal position of the center of gravity must be consistent with the draft in calm water, or else, the calculation may show the " floating " phenomenon ; the mixed language programming has a lot of virtues, but it exists a fatal limitation - the debug of dll
研究表明：在某些頻率范圍內相關水動力系數基本不隨吃水變化，只有超過某一頻率后水動力系數的值才會出現差異；在橫搖方向，水動力系數並沒有隨著吃水的變化發生規則變化，而是出現了波動現象；近船首剖面的水動力系數計算表明，水動力系數的波動非常大，並遠遠偏離了平均位置的水動力系數值，值的變化速率也不盡相同，總的看來，上振幅曲線曲率較大，變化較快，下振幅曲線曲率較小，變化較慢；外飄力和波面運動的速度的平方項有關，導致其振動頻率和相應運動方向的頻率不同；外飄力使升沉向下運動的幅值減小；船速對三個計算量的峰值影響甚微，但對振動頻率有明顯影響；波幅對船舶運動的影響是明顯的，船舶運動的幅值基本上和波幅成線性關系。The apsp produced abroad is made by numerical controlled machine tool, which has noise level of 71db ( a ), the apsp produced in our country is made in the method of exploratory which has noise level of 73db ( a ) and 75db ( a ). in order to analyze the influence of stator curve to noise, the author used tri - coordinate measuring instrument to measured exactly the inside surface of stator and got the straddling point coordinate, and made curve fitting by using matlab as language and studied the fitting effect and then worked out the equation of stator transition curve in return seeking, then comparied this method with the standard style and made the conclusion : the equation of atator transiting curve of apsp made by numerical controlled machine tool is close to theorical 5 power curve standard style, but compared with it, the stator transiting curve of apsp produced in exploratory has a major error. combining the testing results of noise, one can know that the qualily of stator transition curve play an importance to t he noise of the pump
國外生產的汽車動力轉向泵是用數控機床加工的，其噪聲值為71db （ a ） ，國內生產的汽車動力轉向泵是用靠模方法加工的，其噪聲值分別為73db （ a ）和75db （ a ） ，為了分析定子曲線對泵的噪聲的影響，本人用三坐標測量儀對定子內表面進行精密測量，獲得定子內表面的離散點坐標，以matlab語言為工具對離散點進行曲線擬合，觀察擬合效果，然後，用回歸方法求出了定子過渡曲線的方程，並把該方程與理論方程標準型進行了比較，得出如下結論：用數控機床生產的汽車動力轉向泵的定子過渡曲線方程非常接近理論5次曲線標準型，而用靠模方法加工的汽車動力轉向泵的定子過渡曲線與理論5次曲線標準型相比較，則存在著較大的誤差，結合噪聲測試結果可知，定子過渡曲線的優劣，對泵的噪聲大小有著重要的影響。The comparative measurement method for vacuum gauge calibration is introduced. the construction, principle and process of the calibrator are described. the effects of six kinds of gas on the calibrated ionization gauge are explored and relative sensitivity is obtained. the necessity of the calibration on the vacuum gauge and instrument is proved by the research
文章介紹了對真空規管和儀器進行校準的比對法，闡述了校準系統的結構、原理及校準方法;探討了被校電離規在6種不同的氣體中的校準效果及校準前後的差異，說明了氣體歧視效應的存在和影響，得出了各氣體的相對常數;結果表明，對真空規管及儀器進行校準是必要的。Several influence factors to result plasma drift in hainan were analyzed. in this paper the characteristics of ionospheric parameters variation were analyzed systematically and some new results in storm - time such as seasonal behaviors were obtained ; it is the first time to investigate the ionospheric drift behavior in hainan and some new results was obtained, the relationships between each two plasma drift velocity components in storm time in hainan were found and the electric filed variation in hainan ionosphere also was obtained ; the results also show that there are big differences of the ionosphere parameters bo and bl obtained from the data with that obtained from the iri - 2001 applied for hainan ; a new phenomena was found during a strong magnetic storm, that a layer with very strong electron density and density grad was found during the recovery phase of the storm, its horizontal scale is beyond 100km and temporal scale is about 2 hours, this phenomena repeated 3 times continuously. a type of negative disturbance in high and low latitude but positive disturbance in east - asia also has been found
本文較為系統地給出了海南地區電離層的參數變化特徵，特別是得到了一些暴時與以往不同的季節特性；第一次給出了海南地區的電離層等離子體漂移特徵，發現等離子體漂移暴時擾動在三個方向上有內在的聯系，得到了電場變化曲線；研究結果還表明海南電離層的半厚指數和形狀參數等與國際參考電離層iri - 2001存在很大差別；通過對強磁擾動事件期間的參數變化特性分析發現，在磁暴恢復相期間海南地區電離層底部存在一個電子密度非常大的高密度區，高密度區底部電子密度梯度隨高度急劇增加，該區域的水平尺度可達100公里以上時間尺度約為2小時，連續出現過三次，這是一個在海南從來未發現的新現象；研究還發現了暴時東亞地區電離層擾動會出現高低緯負相而中緯正相的現象。According to the significant improvement in properties of ions and particles doped perovskite, tb and cnt doped pt materials were prepared, and the properties studied. tb and cnt doped pt powders and films were successfully prepared by sol - gel method. by differential thermal analysis ( dta ), scanning electron microscopy ( sem ), transmission electron microscopy ( tem ), x - ray diffraction ( xrd ), fluorescent analysis and dielectric constant analysis, the morphology and phase transformation, crystalline properties, fluorescent properties and dielectric properties of the materials were studied
本研究中採用溶膠凝膠法制備了具有優良結晶性能的稀土離子tb及納米碳管摻雜的鈦酸鉛（ pt ）超細粉末和（ 100 ）取向生長的薄膜，並利用差熱分析、掃描電子顯微鏡、透射電子顯微鏡、 x射線衍射、熒光分析和介電常數等多種分析測試手段對摻雜后的pt薄膜及超細粉末的相結構、光學性能、結晶性能以及介電常數等進行了研究。A theoretical binding - energy difference can be obtained using an electrostatic model that has been applied to other ionic components [ 25 ] and values from the literature for the madelung constants [ 26 ] and c60 polarizability [ 27 ]. [ p9872l ]
結合能的差異理論上可以從適用於其它離子成分[ 25 ]的靜電模型估算出來，這里需要的數據是文獻中的馬德隆能常數[ 26 ]和c60的極化率[ 27 ] [ p9872l ] 。Five common methods used frequently in china are reviewed and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized. some problems are pointed out when these methods are used. also the existent mathematical models of investment distribution are researched, and it is recommended to adopt the method of multiple - person cooperation game shapely value and the method of division and square of general analyses
對投資分攤方法進行系統研究，綜述了國內五種常用的投資分攤方法的優缺點，指出使用這些方法時應注意的一些問題；對已有的投資分攤數學模型進行分析研究，推薦採用多人合作對策shapley值法和綜合分析法中的離差平方法； 3Then the constant of peukert equation is calculated from the linear interpolation. simultaneity the characteristic curves of the battery capacity, electromotive force and inner resistance are fitted with least - squares. the maximal of relative error between the calculated values from the models and the experimental data is 2. 59 % under 50a discharge current
利用peukert方程的變形式，用線性插值法計算出鋰離子電池的peukert常數值；利用最小二乘法擬合了該動力電池的容量特性、電動勢和內阻特性曲線；在50a的放電電流下，數學模型的計算值與試驗結果的最大相對誤差為2 . 59 。分享友人