非必需基因 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fēibìxūjīyīn]
非必需基因 英文
dispensable gene
  • 非 : Ⅰ名詞1 （錯誤） mistake; wrong; errors 2 （指非洲） short for africa 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞1 ...
  • 必 : Ⅰ副詞（必定; 必然） certainly; necessarily; surely Ⅱ動詞（必須; 一定要） have to; must Ⅲ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 需 : Ⅰ動詞（需要） need; want; require Ⅱ名詞1. （需用的東西） necessaries; needs 2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 因 : Ⅰ動詞[書面語] （沿襲） follow; carry on Ⅱ介詞1 [書面語] （憑借; 根據） on the basis of; in accord...
  1. Adopting rational agent characteristic could add the auditor into corporate contract to educing optimum solution ; opening out the auditor incentive factors in auditing demand theory and the monitor mechanism of auditing. a multi - agent corporate model including the firm owner, the manager and the auditor of the corporate is analyzed in the paper, the conclusions are : educing the optimum solution of model which could prevent the manager and the auditor becoming collusive or skulked ; clarifying the relationship between monitoring of the firm owner and working of the auditor, and illustrating the behavior combination of optimum solution ; further analyzing the relationship among monitoring degree, punishment of auditor and the auditor risk. adapting the model from a single term to serial terms, and adding the non - monetary utility of auditor - - - reputation into the model ; describing behavior of the firm owner in reality and clarifying the necessity of monitoring by the owner and the environment improvements it needs

    論文採用所有者經理人審計師多代理人模型為基礎進行分析，主要成果是：得出能夠防止共謀和不努力工作的模型最優解集合；通過因素分析闡明審計師工作努力程度與所有者監控力度之間的直接關系，以及審計合約最優解的行為策略組合及其制定順序；引申分析所有者監控力度與審計風險、審計師懲罰力度之間的關系；成功的將模型從單一期間擴展到多期間情況，並且將審計師聲譽等非現金收入形式的效用影響加入到模型當中；通過分析審計實務中的所有者行為特徵說明所有者對審計師工作實施監控的必要性，以及實現該監控所需的條件。
  2. After entry of wto, there are still many maladjustments in guangxi ' s seed industry, such as the weak foundation of sees industry development ; the unformed market of the seed industry for fair competition ; small - scale seed enterprises ; no systematic connection among the cultivation, breeding and marketing ; lower qualification of staff who work in the seed industry and with weak sense of laws, and lack of the knowledge in operating experiences in the international market and trade etc. yet the un - efficiency system, unclear property right in enterprises, the lack of an effective mechanism to promote the rational use of resources in the seed industry and the lack of such concept as " the government creates environment and enterprises create fortune " are the deep - seated causes of the problems in guangxi ' s seed industry. therefore, the key points for promoting development of guangxi ' s seed industry under the wto framework are to focus on the promotion of the developing capability of seeds " integrated products, constantly deepen reforms, to adjust various relevant factors in the system of the seed industry which is inconsistent with each other, and to establish a new - pattern system with evident characteristics of the time spirit in order to meet the requirements of the market economy. hereinto, the specific strategies and measures for promotion of guangxi ' s seed industry development under the wto framework include kee ping up reform and innovation of the system of the seed industry, executing of non - nationalization reform in state - owned seed enterprises, formulating and executing relevant supporting policies, the improving the legal system in the seed industry, increasing public financial support on the seed industry, promoting the integration of cultivation, breeding and marketing, strengthening human resource development, developing the main body of the seed industry ' s market and making proper conditions for the functions of seed associations in the seed industry development etc

    研究結果認為：發展種子產業應該把著眼點放在促進種子整體產品的開發上；種子產業的發展依賴于能充分發揮整體功能的新型種業體系的構建，而目前廣西種業體系中的品種選育、種子生產加工、種子經營以及政府管理、公共支持和社會服務六個主要組成部分都存在明顯的缺陷與不足；廣西種子企業綜合競爭力總體處于較弱水平；面對wto ，廣西種子產業仍有諸多的不適應，突出表現在產業發展基礎薄弱、尚未形成可以公平競爭的種業市場、種子企業規模小、育繁銷脫節、種業人才素質不高、種子企業法律意識淡薄、國際市場運作經驗和國際貿易知識不足等多個方面，而體制不順、企業產權不明晰、缺乏促進種業資源合理流動的有效機制以及「政府創造環境，企業創造財富」的正確理念正是導致目前廣西種子產業不能適應入世需要的深層次原因；因此，以提升種子整體產品開發能力為核心，不斷深化改革，調整種業體系中不相協調的各有關因素，構建起符合市場經濟體制要求的具有鮮明時代特徵的新型種業體系，是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展必須堅持的指導思想；其中，加快種業體制改革和創新、實施對國有種子企業的非國有化改造、制訂落實有關扶持政策、完善種子法律法規體系、加大公共財政對種子產業的支持力度、推進育繁銷一體化的形成、加強人才培養與引進、壯大種業市場主體、實行重點突破戰略、發揮種子行業協會作用等等，都是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展應該採取的具體對策措施。
  3. Previously, four essential genes and a portion of fosfomycin ' s biosynthetic pathway had been proposed, but researchers were unable to produce fosfomycin in a non - native host

    之前的研究只是提出4個必需基因和一部分磷黴素生物合成途徑，但是不能在非天然宿主體內制備磷黴素。
  4. The leymus multicaulis has many excellent traits, such as immune or highly resistant to bydv, and highly tolerant to salt and aphid, which are controlled by some unknown genes

    這些特性都是目前種植的大多數農作物、牧草與草坪草栽培品種，本身缺乏急需改良的特性。因此，分離克隆控制這些優異抗逆特性的功能基因，非常必要。
  5. With the acceleration of extinction of species, biodiversity conservation is extensively concerned. the extinction of species is concerned with the degree of threat by biotic and abiotic factors. so, taking action to preserve plant species is very necessary and paramount before their extinction. one of the most effective biological techniques to conserve the biodiversity is the establishment of genebanks, i. e. ex situ conservation. the elucidation of various factors that regulate seed viability and vigor in storage is essential. an ideal condition to prolong the longevity is mainly depended on seed water content, temperature, humidity and types of containers used during storage. the optimum stage of seed maturity, harvesting techniques and processing, in addition to physiological features such as degree of dormancy, also play key roles in seed storage. certainly, desiccated seeds deteriorate with time even under extremely good genebanking conditions. according to seed storage behavior, it is necessary to consider three principal factors : storage environment, storage duration and plant species which will affect seed survival under good genebanking conditions. the present review is an attempt to discuss the importance of the aforementioned aspects of seeds in detail in order to conserve plant germplasms ( especially wild rare and endangered plants ) for ex situ conservation through seed - gene bank

    一個物種的滅絕是與其受生物因子和非生物因子的威脅程度相關的.隨著物種的加速絕滅，保護生物多樣性受到廣泛地關注.保護生物多樣性的最有效的生物技術之一是建立種子基因庫，進行遷地保護.種子庫理想的貯藏條件主要取決于種子含水量、貯藏環境（如溫度和濕度）和貯存種子的容器.進行種子貯藏，了解種子生命力和活力的影響因子的作用機理是十分重要和必要的.除了種子自身的生理特徵外，種子的貯藏壽命與種子成熟度、收獲技術、加工處理方法也是息息相關的.即使在最適的庫存條件下，種子也會隨時間發生劣變.因此，必須根據種子特定的貯藏行為，加以考慮影響種子存活的3個主要方面（貯藏環境、貯藏期和植物種類）而選擇有效的貯藏方案.本文試圖討論種子貯藏生理的幾個重要方面及其需解決的技術問題，以便更好地通過種子基因庫，長期有效地保存植物種質資源
  6. Since high tc superconducting ( hts ) tapes for practical applications became commercially available over the past few years, the development of superconducting power technology has achieved significant progress. it is foreseen that superconducting technology will be the prevailing high technology of the 21st century, and that superconducting power equipment will be commercialized soon, enjoying a large - scale worldwide market before 2010. china ' s economy is expanding fast, and the demand for electricity is increasing quickly. at the same time, higher electricity quality will be required. traditional power technology will no longer be able to satisfy future requirements, so superconducting power technology would be the best solution, leading a revolution in the power industry. the history, present status and prospects of superconducting power technology as well as the economic benefits and basic physics problems involved are reviewed

    人們認為，超導體在電力方面出現大規模應用的時間距離我們還非常遙遠.然而，隨著最近幾年來實用高溫超導材料的研製取得重大的進展，高溫超導電力技術的應用已經成為現實，預期將在2010年左右出現大規模的應用，並將帶來電力工業的革命.因此，下一個10年將是國際超導技術競爭最關鍵的10年.我國的經濟發展很快，電能需求量增加十分迅速，對電能質量的要求也越來越高.常規電力技術已經無法滿足我國電力發展的需要，超導電力技術是實現我國電力發展目標的必由之路.文章有代表性地介紹了超導電纜、超導限流器、超導磁儲能系統、超導變壓器和超導旋轉電機等的基本工作原理及研究發展歷史，並著重介紹高溫超導電力應用研究的現狀、應用前景、經濟可行性及基本物理問題
  7. The sample composition was analyzed by means of tg and x - ray diffraction. the following conclusions can be drawn from the experiments : given conditions, the sample powder that has the same xrd data as the standard fetioa can be gotten when use any method mentioned above ; the key in synthesis is to avoid the oxidation of fe2 +, so the whole process should performed under vacuum or neutral atmosphere, samples used by this study were prepared under nitrogen atmosphere ; the heat - treated time and temperature have some influence on the sample powder, results show that the proper time and temperature is 120 minutes and 1100 respectively

    研究結果表明：在合適的反應條件下，用上述三種合成方法都能得到xrd數據與標準fetio _ 3物相基本吻合的粉體；合成反應需要克服的主要問題是防止體系中fe ~ （ 2 + ）的氧化，因此，整個反應必須在真空或者非氧化性氣體保護下進行，本研究需要的樣品是在高純從保護下合成的；煅燒的時間和溫度對最終的產物也有一定的影響，研究發現：合理的煅燒時間和溫度分別為120分鐘和1100 。
  8. At the meantime, the rock mass may alternate between loading and unloading and it exists in certain kind of liquid, such as surface water, unconfined water, confined water etc for its intrinsic crannies. the practical rock mass concerned project must solve the key stability pr oblem after the understanding of the complicated mechanical characteristic and the deformation trends to guide the following project design and construction for the demand of security, economy, feasibility and validity. however, the intrinsic nonlinearness and complexity of the engineering rock mass become the main difficulty to predict the stability and deformation, the corresponding structure design must ensure enough safety with all the determinate or random force combination, so a model without the geometry distortion and constitutive equation warp is necessary to be built for the quantificational analysis of practical structure ' s stress, for the simulation of the real process and for the determinate evaluation system and optimization

    由於實際工程巖體其固有的非線性和復雜性，使得求解對應的諸如其穩定性、變形等問題面臨較大的困難，而有關的工程結構的設計必須保證該結構在外來因素的作用下具有足夠的安全度、經濟性和合理性，這必然要求對巖體及其工程結構的受力與變形有一套量化評判體系和優化技術，抓住實際工程問題的本質特徵並建立可行的符合幾何模擬、本構模擬、受力模擬、過程模擬四原則的求解模型，通過該模型的數值模擬成果來指導巖體工程的設計、施工及運營、管理；而巖體結構面的存在使得基於傳統連續介質力學理論的理論分析和數值模擬面臨巨大的挑戰，物理模擬的試驗周期和成本也大大增加，而巖土體工程問題則成為典型的數據有限、了解程度有限類問題，這類問題的解決需要綜合應用理論分析、經驗判斷、物理模擬和數值模擬等方法，數值模擬可以完成目前許多技術手段無法完成的實驗，如參數控制，復雜條件下的邊界條件的處理，同時數值模擬具有高可重復性，且數值模擬的成本和人力開銷等遠低於物理模擬，因此研究巖土體工程問題的流形元數值模擬方法是一項具有理論和實際工程應用價值的重要課題。
  9. Therefore it should be planned carefully. the properties of snm ( nuclide mass, isotopic composition, distribution, matrix, etc. ) are significant to nda instrument response, these physical properties must be well known throughout the preparation procedure

    因此，制備nda核標準樣品必須非常仔細的計劃，特種核材料的特性（核素的質量、成分、分佈和基體）需要確切地知道。
  10. Part three : analyzing the obstacles of developing the housing mortgage securitization in our country now, including the our country housing mortgage scale is not enough big, insurance and guarantee mechanism is not sound and personal reputation mechanism is not perfect, the marketization of interest rate system is not completed, the development of institution investor is still not mature and the development of intermediate institution is not perfect, the system of law is not sound, the related accounting system and tax revenue system is lack and blank etc. part four : passing the analysis of the second and third part put forward the whole idea and concrete strategies in our country to develop the housing mortgage securitization

    第二部分：首先對全球住房抵押貸款證券化的發展狀況進行了簡要的介紹與分析，然後選擇對我國有借鑒意義的美國、加拿大和香港等典型國家和地區的住房抵押貸款證券化實踐進行了詳細的比較分析，並從中得出：住房抵押貸款證券化是住房抵押貸款一級市場巨大發展的必然結果：政府的支持非常重要；住房抵押貸款證券化的發展需要一定的基礎條件以及需要因地制宜等一些關鍵性的啟示。第三部分：分析了我國當前實施住房抵押貸款證券化所面臨的一些具體障礙，其中包括有我國住房抵押貸款規模不夠大、保險與擔保機制不健全、個人信用體系不完善、利率體系非市場化、機構投資者的發展還不成熟、中介服務機構發展不完善、法律法規制度不健全以及相關會計制度和稅收制度的欠缺和空白等一系列的問題。
  11. It is revealed by some surveys that the obstacles to ec development in china are mostly as follows : first, users are extremely disinterested in ec ; second, there doesn " t exist a standard environment of business ; third, the facilities are badly needing improving

    研究表明，影響我國電子商務發展的原因主要在以下幾個方面，第一，用戶目前對電子商務的需求非常淡薄。第二，缺乏一個大的商業標準化的環境。第三，發展電子商務所必須的基礎設施不健全。
  12. The reason is that there has n ' t the course of instructional design except educational technology speciality in the instructional program of normal education in our country. but current curriculum reform of foundational education need be guided by instructional design principles. thus, it is necessary for instructional designers to study instructional design principles that can be applied to instruction by teachers

    然而，我國基礎教育的教師普遍沒有掌握教學設計理論，其原因在於我國的師范教育中除了教育技術學專業外，其他學科都不開設《教學設計》課程，因此無論是職前還是在職的基礎教育教師普遍缺乏基本的教學設計理論和操作規范，而當前的基礎教育課程改革的實施卻迫切需要教學設計理論的指導，因此，研究適用於一線教師的教學設計基本理論和操作規范顯得非常必要，這不僅有助於教學工作的科學化，更有助於教師向專業化方向的發展。
  13. The effective internal control is the essential component of company ' s high - efficient management. sir adrian cadbury even affirmed, “ the failures of the companies were all caused by failures of the internal control. ” the accounting law which has been implemented in july of 2000 regulates every company should establish and improve supervising system of internal accounting, and put forward the concrete requirement. this is the first law of our country to reflect requirement of internal control. after that, the ministry of finance released successively ten regulations of internal accounting control, which have greatly promoted the development of the internal control in the company. at present, the majority of the enterprises have already established the internal control system according to the requirement of relevant laws and regulations

    然而，內部控制並不是靜態的，而是一個動態循環的過程（設計? ?執行? ?評價? ?改進） ，其中內部控制評價是內部控制運行過程中非常關鍵的一環。越來越多的研究者開始關注內部控制評價，並對其進行研究，但這些研究基本集中於內部控制評價在審計監督領域中的應用，很少從企業經營管理需要的角度來研究內部控制評價。而內部控製作為現代企業高效管理的必要組成部分，關系著企業的生死存亡，因此，探討內部控制評價在經營管理領域中的應用具有極為重要的現實意義。
  14. In the research of numerical modeling on coastal engineering, there have been a lot of research works in numerical computation and post - processing presentation on numerical modeling. however, in data preparation for numerical modeling, the works to be done remain manual. thus, it ' s important and helpful to work out a solution in data preparation for numerical modeling based on comgis

    目前在海岸動力數值模擬研究領域，數值模擬計算和數值模擬后處理方面都有大量的研究成果，而數值模擬前處理方面卻還停留在依靠人工方法讀取紙質地圖數據的階段，因而基於組件式地理信息系統技術來研究和實現一個前處理應用系統，滿足海岸工程專業的實際需要是非常必要的。
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