預算方程式 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yùsuànfāngchéngshì]
預算方程式 英文
budget equation
  • 預 : Ⅰ副詞（預先; 事先） in advance; beforehand Ⅱ動詞（參與） take part in
  • 算 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算數目） calculate; reckon; compute; figure 2 （計算進去） include; count 3 （謀劃;計...
  • 方 : Ⅰ名詞1 （方形; 方體） square 2 [數學] （乘方） involution; power 3 （方向） direction 4 （方面） ...
  • 程 : 名詞1 （規章; 法式） rule; regulation 2 （進度; 程序） order; procedure 3 （路途; 一段路） journe...
  • 式 : 名詞1 （樣式） type; style 2 （格式） pattern; form 3 （儀式; 典禮） ceremony; ritual 4 （自然科...
  • 預算 : budget1991
  • 方程式 : capeta
  1. But as a kind of mature management system, it has n ' t been applied successfully in most of chinese companies. the reasons of that include misunderstanding of science property of overall budget management 、 unfit budget management organization 、 lack of scientific management methods, and another important reason is that most of companies use the traditional building method of budget management system. the traditional building method based on the company ' s existing department functions, keeping the existing management process and work process fixedness, and expressing the department ' s work plan in quantity or currency form as their budget

    然而全面預算管理作為一項比較成熟的管理體系，在我國大部分企業卻並沒有得到很好的實施，這其中固然有對全面預算管理科學性認識不足、預算編制工作的組織不到位、缺乏科學的預算管理手段和控制手段等原因外，另一個重要原因是大部分企業在構建全面預算管理體系時使用的是傳統的構建方法，即基於企業現有的部門職能劃分而進行的，在保持作業流程和管理流程不變的情況下，將部門工作計劃以貨幣或數量的方式表示出來，即成為公司預算。
  2. The first one : fitting together ultimate values of every dimensions in one dimension - chain one by one, educing many equations by itself, calculating results, and comparing these results of close dimension to find maximal and minimal values. the second one : projecting all dimensions on two preestablished axis, then providing the solutions to analyze whether every projected dimensions is increscent or decreasing, and synthesize the effect of every projected dimensions to close dimension, educing many equations by itself, at last calculating the result of close dimension. the third one : according to monte carlo analysis, getting every dimensions " values from every dimensions " tolerances at random time after time, simulating the actual circumstances of mass production using these dimensions, and calculating reasonable results of close dimension economically

    鑒于這類系統在各大中小型企業的廣泛應用與相對滯后的研究水平，本文提出了三種新的能切實地解決目前尺寸鏈計算機輔助分析解算中存在的各種難題的設計方案，第一種方案將尺寸鏈中各組成環能取的極值組合起來，自動列方程組，求解每個組合情況下的封閉環尺寸，最後比較這些結果，得出封閉環的最大最小值；第二種方案將尺寸鏈各組成環向預先設定好的兩個方向投影，之後再分析各尺寸環投影分量的增減性，並且提供了組成環兩個方向上的投影分量增減性不一的復雜情況下的解決辦法，綜合組成環各投影分量的增減性，然後自動列出方程組，最後根據各組成環的投影分量以及所列的方程組來確定尺寸鏈封閉環的尺寸；第三種方案以蒙特卡洛法為原理，在尺寸鏈各組成環的取值范圍內使用計算機產生大量隨機數，模擬實際大批量生產中的零件尺寸分佈情況，以更經濟更合理的方式分析、計算封閉環尺寸。
  3. 5 ) a new type of superposed beam used in wutaizha terminal market, with notch at each end of the prefabricated member, is analysed, and design method of it is also regard as the representative of the superposed beam with notchs

    5 ）針對武泰閘農副產品市場工程中使用的帶槽預制構件疊合梁，根據前面提出的計算方法，總結了這類形式的疊合式受彎構件的設計計算原則以及計算方法。
  4. Based on the budget setting process, the enterprise budget can be divided into imposed budget and participative budget, which both have its own virtue and deficiencies. the business can choose the appropriate method, complied with such factors as its own operation character, market environment, and target level of budget. according to budget preparative method, the enterprise budget can also be divided into fixed budget, flexible budget, probabilistic budget, rolling budget, and zero - based budget, etc. different methods apply to budgeting of different demand and content, which make choices diversified

    根據預算編制的程序企業預算可分為參與性預算和強加性預算，兩種方式的預算各有優缺點，企業應根據自身生產經營特點、所處的市場環境、預算的目標層次等各方面因素來選擇適合於自己的方式；根據預算編制的方法，企業預算分為固定預算、彈性預算、概率預算、滾動預算、零基預算等。
  5. The key technology of mpidss includes the distributed supported technology, the process control of cooperative working and the real - time control of the decision process, etc. based on the technologies of decision support system ( dss ), group decision support system ( gdss ) and distributed decision support system ( ddss ), with the theory of system engineering and artificial intelligence such as knowledge engineering, agent, etc, having the background of the items supported by the national 10th five - year plan foundation - the research on the technology of military programming intelligent decision support system, this paper focus its work on researching on the algorithm of mission decomposing and mission distributing, distributed support technology, real - time process control method and project evaluating technology, etc. further more, the architectural model of process control based on multi - agent alliance is put forward and the prototype system of mpidss is implemented

    這類決策問題與傳統的企業決策的不同點在於決策群體龐大、決策任務多且任務屬性各異、決策任務的求解具有實時性要求等。決策過程中的關鍵技術包括分散式支持技術、決策任務求解的過程式控制制技術以及實時任務的求解控制策略等。論文在繼承傳統的個體決策支持系統（ dss ） 、群體決策支持系統（ gdss ）和分散式決策支持系統（ ddss ）技術的基礎上，結合系統工程思想以及人工智慧中的知識工程、 agent等前沿技術，以總裝備部十五預研課題? ? 「群體決策支持平臺」為課題背景，深入研究了分散式多任務群體決策過程中的任務分解與分配演算法、任務協作策略、分散式支持技術、實時控制技術，決策方案評價技術等，提出了用於過程式控制制的多agent聯盟體系結構模型，設計和實現了面向軍事作戰規劃的智能決策支持原型系統。
  6. Finally, the fatigue equation and axle load conversion are applied to forecast the steel bridge deck pavement ' s service life of nanjing second yangtze river bridge

    結合南京長江第二大橋鋼橋面鋪裝工程，應用所建立的疲勞性能方程以及軸載換算公式對鋼橋面鋪裝層使用壽命進行預測。
  7. With the development of the west region and beijing ' s successful application to host the 2008 olympic games, together with the accession to the wto, china is faced with an emergent demand for the construction of energy and other infrastructure projects. so it is wise for china to adopt bot in infrastructure projects, both for the purpose to modify the pressure on public budget, and for the benefit of importing advanced technology and management methodology

    隨著我國西部大開發戰略的提出及2001年北京申辦奧運會成功和我國加入世界貿易組織多年夙願的實現，大量的能源、基礎設施建設的需求顯得極為緊迫，而為了減輕政府基礎設施和公共工程預算資金的壓力，並更好的引進技術和管理經驗，採用bot方式來完成這一大批基礎設施項目的建設無疑是十分明智的選擇。
  8. In the first chapter, the improvement and development of furrow irrigation technique, theory foundation of controlled alternate furrow irrigation, and related research advance at home and abroad were analyzed and elucidated, and the main problems needing to be studied further and to be solved were put forward. in the second chapter, the soil infiltrative parameters, irrigating water advancing and water redistribution in soil were studied by adopting the controlled alternative furrow irrigation in field

    根據建立的水量平衡方程，採用模式搜索技術中的爬山法，利用infiltvs分析軟體，計算得到的不同溝灌方式灌溉水流的推進過程與利用實測資料回歸分析得到的水流推進過程幾乎完全重合，預測精度很高，因此證明本文建立的模型和分析計算方法是合理可行的，完全可用於不同溝灌方式土壤入滲參數和水流推進過程的估算。
  9. In this paper, river water quality prediction is integrated with water pollution control measures. two parameters, water environmental capacity and pollution index are selected for pollution control measures. the objective is achieved after the development of simulation model using one - dimensional advection dispersion equation. the model algorithm and computer program is an improvement over the existing water quality models, since the model solution involves four point implicit upwind schemes for water quality prediction and pollution control measures at each grid point. model simulation results the assessment of water environmental capacity that yield the acceptable and realistic pollutants concentration in order to maintain water quality objectives. the pollution and overall pollution index of the river is suggested for integrating number of contaminants variables into one index. study provides the mathematical and scientific procedure for water quality management. the new approach is helpful for the water pollution control and to study the impacts of waste effluents on the river system for strategic planning purposes

    本文將水質預測及水污染控制措施有機地結合，選取水環境容量和污染指數作為水污染控制的參數.這樣，一維對流-擴散水質方程的求解除就是實現本研究目的的關鍵.本研究採用的模型在現有的水質模型基礎上有所改進，因為其採用四點隱格式對水質進行預測，推求可接納污染物的環境容量值及為保證水質而限定的污染物濃度值，從而制定相應的水污染控制措施.為整體考慮各種污染物的情況，建議採用河流的污染指數進而推求綜合污染指數.總之，本研究為水質保護提供了科學的計算方法，該法對水污染控制及污水對河道水質的影響是實用有效的
  10. Abstract : in this paper, river water quality prediction is integrated with water pollution control measures. two parameters, water environmental capacity and pollution index are selected for pollution control measures. the objective is achieved after the development of simulation model using one - dimensional advection dispersion equation. the model algorithm and computer program is an improvement over the existing water quality models, since the model solution involves four point implicit upwind schemes for water quality prediction and pollution control measures at each grid point. model simulation results the assessment of water environmental capacity that yield the acceptable and realistic pollutants concentration in order to maintain water quality objectives. the pollution and overall pollution index of the river is suggested for integrating number of contaminants variables into one index. study provides the mathematical and scientific procedure for water quality management. the new approach is helpful for the water pollution control and to study the impacts of waste effluents on the river system for strategic planning purposes

    文摘:本文將水質預測及水污染控制措施有機地結合，選取水環境容量和污染指數作為水污染控制的參數.這樣，一維對流-擴散水質方程的求解除就是實現本研究目的的關鍵.本研究採用的模型在現有的水質模型基礎上有所改進，因為其採用四點隱格式對水質進行預測，推求可接納污染物的環境容量值及為保證水質而限定的污染物濃度值，從而制定相應的水污染控制措施.為整體考慮各種污染物的情況，建議採用河流的污染指數進而推求綜合污染指數.總之，本研究為水質保護提供了科學的計算方法，該法對水污染控制及污水對河道水質的影響是實用有效的
  11. The author considers as follows : ( 1 ) we should understand how to define the price of architecture products the cost of engineering and the price of engineering, we should compare the connotations of plan price, float price and market price, we should clarify how engineering cost and architecture installation engineering cost are formed and what is the difference between balance price and final accounts price ; ( 2 ) through analyzing and comparing the account bases and composing contents of enterprise individual production cost and social average production cost, analyzing from the design mechanism ' s function of auction and bid and the purpose of actualizing auction and bid, we can confirm that the foundation that the titles are weeded when judged is enterprise individual production cost, not social average production cost ; ( 3 ) the author considers there is diverge between shop drawing budget based on ration and auction and bid, carrying out bill quantity of construction works can advance the formation of cons truction - product market price, also is the outset and integrant route to close international, but though code of valuation with bill quantity of construction works has a lot of advantage to advance the form of architecture market price, we also see it has lack and it should be amended

    針對以上問題，筆者認為：應該了解建築產品價格與工程造價、工程價格是如何界定的、比較建築產品的計劃價格、浮動價格與市場價格的含義，搞清楚工程造價的構成和建築安裝工程費用的構成以及竣工結算價格與決算價格的區別；通過分析、比較建築產品的「社會平均生產成本」和「企業個別生產成本」的計算依據和構成內容，從招標投標的設計機制的功能和實施招投標的目的來分析，確認在評標中剔除低於成本價標書的依據是投標企業的個別生產成本，而不是社會平均生產成本；筆者認為以定額為計價依據的施工圖預算方法與招標投標之間存在悖論，工程量清單計價的推行是對建築產品市場價格形成改革的推進，也是建築產品價格形成方式與國際接軌的開端與必經之路，但是也必須認識到雖然《建設工程工程量清單計價規范》具有推進建築市場價格形成的諸多優勢，但仍存在不足與需要完善的地方。
  12. The present utilization and existing problems in water resource of the north of huaihe river in anhui are introduced. based on such research objects as northern guo river of bozhou, jiangtang of fuyang and key city zones, a mathematical model with systems engineering viewpoint is established and used to investigate in water resource problems in the area. the main contents are as following : ( 1 ) groundwater resource and present utilization ; ( 2 ) mensuration of calculational parameters of groundwater and calculational methods ; ( 3 ) economic parameters of irrigation areas ; ( 4 ) establishing northern wo river forecast model with finite element method, areal well - group method and water balance method ; ( 5 ) establishing optimal water resource allocating model for northern jiangtang and new cihuaixin river irrigation area and investigating in the combination of surface water and groundwater, optimal agricultural planting - mode and optimal distribution proportion of various water sources ; ( 6 ) some existing exploitation problems and advices about water resource in the area

    本論文針對淮北地區水資源開發利用現狀及存在問題，以安徽亳州渦河以北地區、阜陽姜堂鄉和重點城市區為研究對象，運用系統工程觀點，採用數學模型方法，對該區水資源問題進行了綜合研究，主要內容為： （ 1 ）地下水資源及開發利用現狀； （ 2 ）地下水計算參數測定和計算方法； （ 3 ）灌區經濟參數； （ 4 ）採用有限單元法、面狀井系法、水均衡法，建立亳州渦河以北地下水位預測模型； （ 5 ）建立阜陽姜堂及茨淮新河北部的農灌區水資源優化配置模型，應用系統分析的方法，研究地表水與地下水聯合運用，農業最優種植模式及各種水源的最佳分配比例； （ 6 ）淮北地區水資源開發利用存在問題及建議。
  13. This article aim at the actuality of petroleunu liquefied petroleum gas tins, complete analysis the process of petroleum -, liquefied petroleum gas tins safety manufacture. by applying optical fiber sensing technology, profibus technology, network technology, communication technology, automatic control technology and safe analysis plan, establishing petroleum > liquefied petroleum gas tins manufacture and safety control system that can manufacture manage, process control, safety supervise and accident predict on " ethernet " network

    本文針對石油、液化氣罐區現狀，對石油、液化氣罐區安全生產過程進行全面分析，在基於光纖傳感技術、 profibus現場總線技術和計算機控制技術基礎上應用網路技術、通信技術以及安全分析方法，在「 ethernet 」網路建立具有生產管理、進程式控制制、安全控制、事故預案等功能的液化石油氣罐區生產與安全雙重控制系統。
  14. In line with the establishment of the national innovation system and the management of the pilot projects of the knowledge innovation progeam in cas, it is proposed in this article that the establishment of an improved budget appropriation system is an effective approach to shift the organizational management from micro - management fo macromanagement. this system, as is pointed out in this article, is a priority to enhance the ability of self - regulation and self - development in cas institutions and also a key to the reform of current scientific research management system and operational mechanism

    本文結合國家創新體系建立和中國科學院知識創新試點工程工作的管理，提出了建立完善預算撥款制度是實現機關管理從微觀管理向宏觀管理轉變的有效方式，也是提高中國科學院院屬單位自我約束、自我發展的必要條件；是目前科研管理體制及運行機制改革的重點。
  15. The valid financial affairs should form a kind of sound operating mechanism to control, because the enterprise group involves the relation people of many kinds of interests, the scale is enormous, there are many administrative structures, management activity is complicated, so, the financial affairs of the enterprise group control and especially need complete controlling mechanism and policy

    有效的財務控制是一個系統工程。企業集團控制的有效施行，需要從事前、事中和事後三個方面進行全過程式控制制。事前控制主要是通過預算控制實現的，事中控制必須通過財務人員的控制來實現，而事後財務控制需要通過審計監督來實現。
  16. Currently, many problems are as follows : some people and engineers sometimes confuse or mistake so many conceptions and meanings of the price of construction product as to lead to troubles ; the cost of the construction product in the construction - auction - bid cannot be ascertained definitely ; the method of shop - drawing budget which is based on budget - ration cannot form effective market competition and market price of construction product. the management system of construction cost is not perfect

    目前建築產品價格及價格形成中存在以下問題：有關主管部門和少數工程人員有時混淆建築產品價格相關概念及其內涵，產生諸多誤解，以致造成工作上的摩擦；對建築工程招標投標中建築產品成本內涵界定不清晰；以預算定額為依據的施工圖預算方式難以形成有效的市場競爭以及形成建築產品的市場價格；當前未能形成完善的工程造價管理體制。
  17. Material balance and energy balance equations of complex multi - effect evaporation system were expressed in matrix equation, which has the advantages of clear structure and high modularization. by holding or omitting correlation block - matrix in matrix equation, matrix equation could be used to describe the difference of forward - feed, back - feed and cross - reed multi - evaporation system with or without solid separation, extra steam being led off to preheat material liquid, condensation water flash, or solution flash. the models include design and operation

    該模型利用矩陣方程具有結構清晰和高度模塊化的特點，將復雜多效蒸發系統的物料及熱量衡算方程組以矩陣形式表達，通過保留或舍棄矩陣中特定功能模塊，模型就能代表有或無固相析出、有或無引出額外蒸汽預熱原料液、有或無冷凝水閃蒸、有或無溶液閃蒸等不同情況以及各種情況任意組合的併流、逆流、錯流多效蒸發過程，從而實現模型的通用性。
  18. To reduce the computational load, these multiple linear models are then used as prediction equations in an mpc framework

    為求減輕計算負荷，在模式預測控制架構中，上述之多重模式即可作為預測方程式來計算程序未來的輸出值。
  19. Using high - speed computer to tackle the computational demand, numerical weather prediction is the technique used to forecast weather by solving a set of equations within a numerical model that describes the evolution of meteorological variables representing the atmospheric state

    中尺度模式:數值天氣預報是需要利用高速電腦運算的一種天氣預報技巧，透過數值模式內的方程式模擬反映大氣狀態的各項氣象要素之演變。
  20. Using high - speed computer to tackle the computational demand, numerical weather prediction ( nwp ) is the technique used to forecast weather by solving a set of equations within a numerical model that describes the evolution of meteorological variables representing the atmospheric state

    中尺度模式:數值天氣預報是需要利用高速電腦運算的一種天氣預報技巧，透過數值模式內的方程式模擬反映大氣狀態的各項氣象要素之演變。
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