顯性基因作用 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xiǎnxìngjīyīnzuòyòng]
顯性基因作用 英文
dominance gene action
  • 顯 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （明顯） apparent; obvious; noticeable; evident 2 （有名聲有權勢的） illustrious and inf...
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 因 : Ⅰ動詞[書面語] （沿襲） follow; carry on Ⅱ介詞1 [書面語] （憑借; 根據） on the basis of; in accord...
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 顯性 : [生物學] dominance顯性性狀 dominant character; 顯性修飾因子 dominigene; 顯性遺傳 dominant inheritance
  1. Stability of rock slopes is generally controlled by the structure of rock masses, especially the soft structure surfaces. analysis of rock mass structures is a key to establish geological models and numerical simulation and a foundation to assess the stability of rock slopes. the weak structure surfaces are mainly bedding planes, faults, joints, schistosity plane and contact zones of intrusive bodies. since they are different in genesis and scale, the rock masses are different in features and mechanical intensities. based on the combination of rock structure bodies, 15 basic modes of deformation and failure of rock slope are systematically summarized. the deformation and failure of rock masses actually result from the recombination and rearrangement of these rock bodies. there are 11 types of rock mass structures and various deformation and failure of bank slopes are present in the reservoir area of the three gorge project

    巖體結構，特別是軟弱結構面對基巖斜坡變形與破壞具有顯著的控製作用，巖體結構模式分析是建立斜坡地質模型和數學模型的關鍵和評價斜坡穩定性的基礎。巖層層面斷裂構造節理裂隙片理與劈理以及侵入體和圍巖的接觸帶等是控制基巖斜坡穩定的軟弱結構面，這些成因不同大小不一的結構面將巖體分割成性質各異力學強度不均的各種巖體結構體，構成了15種基巖斜坡變形破壞的巖體結構基本模式。不同結構體的重新組合與排列是斜坡失穩的內在原因。
  2. The protein nucleic acid complexes were identified by autoradiography for 48 h. the psg5heo and igfbp - 6 promoter pcat vectors were transfected into cos - 7 cells with iipofectamin2000 ; these cos - 7 cells where treated with 1 jxm e2, with lonm tcdd and with both lonm tcdd and 1 jxm e2, individually ; the cat protein was examined by cat - els a. results : the congenital skeletal defects in fetal rats were induced with 10 - 15ug / kg tcdd or with 100 - 140 mg / kg ra with dosage - dependence effect. the igfbp - 6 mrna in rat calvaria tissue and mc - 3t3 - el cells were increased with tcdd and ( or ) ra, whereas the cell proliferation and igf - 2 mrna in mc - 3t3 - el cells was decreased in the status of e2

    結果: tcdd在大鼠胚胎發育時期具有骨骼致畸作用，骨骼發育畸形包括:內翻足、脊柱裂、顱面骨發育缺陷、無尾畸形等;隨著tcdd濃度的升高（ 10一15林擴kg ） ，致畸率明顯上升（ 14 . 7 %一24 . 6 % ） ; tcdd和ra聯合用藥可以增強對大鼠骨骼發育的致畸效應; e :對成骨細胞內igf一2基因有正性調節作用，對igfbp一6基因有負性調節作用， tcdd可以抑制e :對細胞內xgf一2和igfbp一6的調節作用。
  3. In fact, the economic law is inconvertible. knowledge economy, the economy that based on knowledge, whose appearance explains why the periodicity is not obvious. in the new economic forms, the leading factors have changed a lot, that is, the intangible factors like knowledge, technology, and information play much greater roles in the economic growth

    實際上，經濟規律是不可改變的，周期性不明顯是因為出現了以知識為基礎的經濟? ?知識經濟，在新的經濟形態中，起主導作用的要素發生了變化，即知識、技術和信息等無形要素在經濟增長中的作用超過了以往任何時候。
  4. The research consist of four parts. the first part is multiplication, purification and electron microscope examination of the avian encephalomyelitis virus. a 1 : 5 dilution of isolate - nh937 of aev and control group of pbs were inoculated to susceptible 6 - day - old chickens embryos. respectively. after incubation for 10 days, the urinay vesicle liquid was collected. making a comparison the size of the chickens embryos between the test group and the control group, the results showed that the size of the control group is bigger than that of the test group. purified virions were examined under the electron microscope, the result revealed that there are a lot of virions and the aev - nh937 was multiplicated in embryos. the second part was seguence analysis of the genome of the aev - nh937. nine pairs of primers were designed according to published calnek vaccine strain of aev

    本研究共分四個部分：第一部分為aev的增殖，純化和電鏡觀察，用1 : 5倍稀釋的aev - nh937株和陰性對照pbs分別經卵黃囊接種於6dspf雞胚，繼續孵化10d后，收集尿囊液。比較接種組和健康對照組雞胚的大小，結果顯示，健康對照組雞胚明顯大於接種組。分離、提純aev ，把純化的病毒在電鏡下觀察，證明確有大量aev病毒粒子存在，說明aev在雞胚中成功擴增；第二部分是aev - nh937基因組的序列測定工作。
  5. It shows that hard layers barely affect the ground motion and can thus be neglected in general. the soft layers, on the other hand, can influence the ground motion greatly, i. e., seismic response will decreases when the period less than 0. 1s and it increases when period greater than 0. 3s, but it will not change significantly for the long period over 3s. therefore the whole effect of the soft layers on earthquake ground motion in fact depends on the characteristic frequencies input

    研究結果表明，硬夾層的影響很小，一般情況下，可以不予以考慮；軟夾層有較顯著的影響，其影響主要表現為：對周期小於0 . 1s的高頻段反應減小，對周期大於0 . 3s的較長周期段反應增大，而對周期長達3s及以上周期段反應幾乎無影響，因此，軟夾層對場地地震反應影響的總體作用是增大還是減小反應，取決于計算基底輸入地震動的頻譜特性。
  6. The research adopts that hu - - ifn gene were introduced into the nuclei of oocytes or cytoplasm of grass carp to develop anti - disease transgenic grass carp breeding researches, combing the adva ntag e of hu - - ifn gene and breeding by genetic engineering, with an aim of finding out an effective way of solving antivirus of hemorrhagic virus of carp completely. in research of transgenic fish, hu - - ifn gene ( recombination gene ) is cutdown and introduced into the nuclei of oocytes or cytoplasm of grass carp at one - cell or two - cell stage via micyoinjection by narashige micyoinjection apparatus

    本研究的目的在於以人的-干擾素基因（ ifn - ）作為目的基因，與鯉魚-肌動蛋白基因啟動子在體外重組，利用原核顯微注射轉基因技術將人-干擾素基因導入草魚基因組而開展的抗病轉基因草魚育種研究，其結合了干擾素和基因工程育種抗草魚出血病病毒的優點，以期獲得對草魚出血病具有天然抗性的轉基因魚，並在此基礎上培育出草魚抗病新品系。
  7. Integron, a genetic element of gene capture and expression in gram - negative bacteria, has been showed to play an important role in acquired antibiotic resistance of bacteria

    近來的研究顯示，革蘭陰性菌中一種基因捕獲和表達的遺傳單位? ?整合子（ integron ）在細菌獲得抗生素抗性機制中起了重要作用。
  8. A method of fuzzy optimization design based on genetic algorithm is presented as a new method of parameter optimization design for dc double closed loop speed adjusting system. the method covers three steps. firstly, speed overshoot rate and settling time are chosen as performance indice according to the demand of engineering. these indice are normalized by using fuzzy membership function and then weighted to form objective function of optimization model of the system. secondly, the dynamic response curve of the system with corresponding parameters and peoformance indice are obtained by computerized numerical calculation and simulation. finally, parameters of engineering design are expanded as searching space ; and parameters of speed regulator and current regulator are taken as genes in chromosome. these genes in searching space are optimized to get best solution by way of genetic algorithm. as shown by experimental results, the parameters designed by this method are capable of significantly improving performance indice of the system, which proves that it is a practical and effective method

    提出一種基於遺傳演算法的直流雙閉環調速系統參數優化設計方法.根據工程技術的要求，選用速度超調量和過渡時間作為參數優化性能指標.將該指標用模糊隸屬度函數歸一化，再加權平均形成系統優化模型的目標函數.採用計算機數值計算方法，通過模擬獲得系統對應參數的動態響應曲線及其性能指標.最後以工程設計的參數為搜索范圍，以速度調節器和電流調節器的參數為染色體中的基因，通過遺傳演算法在搜索范圍中優化這些基因，獲得優化解.實驗結果表明，所設計的參數能使系統性能指標有顯著提高
  9. A c a2 + / calmo dul in - dep endent pro te in kinas e i i ( c amkii ) antagoni st kn - 6 2 ( 5x l0 - ' mol / l ) presented in the intemal solution had no significan effect on the current peaks induced by extracellular nmda ( l0 # mol / l ), but prevented the inhibitory effect of b on inmda " these results indicate that gcs have rapid, reversible idebitory effects on lnmda intracellular application of b thiough microelectrode had no effect on inmda, howevet, extracellular application of b or b - bsa suppressed peaks of inmda : all these denote b exerts its influence on nmda receptor by cytoplasm membrane mechansms, which is naxnely rapid, nongenomic mechhasms

    加有快速、可逆的。非濃度依賴性抑制作用。通過微電極將b直接導入細胞內， inmda不受影響，而胞外給予b或besa ， inmda減小，提示b對nmda受體的調控通過膜機制產生，這種作用與經典的基因組機制不同；因為廣譜激酶抑制劑和特異的pka抑制劑均可翻轉b的抑制效應， camk11抑制劑也可阻斷b的效應，而這些激酶抑制劑本身對inmda即有強烈的抑制作用： pka激動劑本身對inmda無明顯作用，也不影響b對l 。
  10. Here we managed to make cultured mice peritoneal macrophages be directly influenced by oligochitosan, and be stimulated by ifn - r before oligochitosan added, then measured the changes of gene transcription and translation level of both il - 1 and imf - a, respectively by methods of relatively quantitive rt - pcr and elisa. first, rt - pcr results showed that 18 hours was the most effective time and 40ug / ml was the most effective concentration of oligochitosan, then by the same method, confirm that 4hours is the most effective time and loou / ml is the most effective concentration of ifn - r stimulating. because ifn - r can enhance il - 1 and tnf - a gene expression of macrophages alone, so add ifn - r to microphages alone for 22 hours, then examined by rt - pcr, the results showed that il - 1 and tnf - a gene expression have no remarkable difference compared with the blank contrast group

    此外，由於ifn y單獨作用也可促進兩種細胞因子基因表達，故在巨噬細胞中加入ifn y單獨作用22h ，再經阿一pcr檢測，發現加ifn y的實驗組細胞的幾一lp和tnf a基因轉錄水平與空白對照組相比較無顯著性差異，可見，殼寡糖和ifn v對巨噬細胞il lp和tnf一口基因轉錄水平的影響在作用時間上無一致性，在殼寡糖作用最適時間時，僅受ifn y刺激的巨噬細胞il lp和tnf q基因轉錄己下降至刺激前水平，因此可以認為， ifn y的加入僅起到對巨噬細胞預刺激使之處于敏感狀態的作用，有利於增強殼寡糖對巨噬細胞的作用。
  11. In fact, the way to make the most of a dominant allele ( such as magic is proposed to be in the essay ) is to have all individuals heterozygous rather than homozygous, as then there will be twice as many individuals in the next generation with that trait for a given number of alleles

    實際上，使顯性基因等位體（如魔法基因在文中被認為是顯性的）發揮最大作用的方式就是讓所有的有關個體盡量雜生而不是同生，因為對於一定量的基因等位體，那便意味著下一代有著兩倍的個體帶有那種特性。
  12. An additive - dominance model with independence of the genes in action and in distribution is demonstrated by the excellent unit - slope linearity for all viscosity measurements

    由各黏度測定值良佳之?歸斜率線性獲證：基因作用與分佈獨立之累加性一顯性遺傳模式適用於這些被評估之黏度測定值。
  13. On the other hand, the activity and function of p27 kip1 was affected by many physiological agents such as camp, il - 2, rampamycin. the expression of p27kip1 increased after - irradiationin in the fibroblastoma cells, leading to arrest in gl phase, but its expression markedly decreased after y - irradiation in the nbcc cells, and leaded to arrest in g2 / m phase. several studies have reported that p27 kip1 involved in a much wider range of cellar processes, such as differentiation, apoptosis and migration, the expression level of p27kip1 is key for its function in dna damage responses

    另一方面， p27kip 』的活性水平及功能作用，因細胞類型不同而各異，又受多種因素的影響，如一些有絲分裂原camp 、雷帕黴素可以上調p27kip ，的表達，而il一2等則與p27ki 」 『的表達下降有關，受電離輻射（ ir ）照射的成纖維細胞瘤及用1 ， 25一二經基d3處理的hela細胞系在gl期均有游離的p27腳『的積累，細胞周期阻滯在gl期;而在痣癌伽bccs ）細胞中， y一射線能誘導p27吻『表達水平的顯著下調，細胞周期阻滯在g2艦期。
  14. The micromorpholgy and grain boundary microstructure of the material were studied with sem and tem and the grain boundary phase composition were analyzed with eds and x - ray the mechanical properties, micromorpholgy microstructure of grain boundary and phase composition of al2o3 composite ceramics were systematically studied, the effect of additives, the relationship between microstructure and mechanical strength, the sintering mechanism of the material and influence factors of the structure and properties of al2o3 composite ceramics were discussed respectively

    系統研究了氧化鋁陶瓷的力學性能、微觀形貌、晶界顯微結構，並討論了各添加組分的作用、材料顯微結構與力學性能的關系以及材料的燒結機理和影響材料結構與性能的影響因素。本論文探討了氧化鋁基復相陶瓷的強韌化機理，實驗表明al _ 2o _ 3 - ticn體系主要是微裂紋韌化。
  15. This thesis studied on bacillus thuringiensis strain bt886 which was separated and selected by researchers of our laboratory. according to the observation of crystal shape and the bioassay of motschulsky and fairmaire, bacillus thuringiensis strain bt886 was identified as cry3 type, and the conclusion was assured by the further study on molecular level. the 1956 base pairs full lengrh homological cry3aa gene which was toxic to motschulsky was cloned and sequenced

    以該菌株為材料，克隆出了對光肩星天牛（ anoplophralabripennis （ motsch . ） ）具有毒殺作用的cry3aa同源基因，並且對該基因進行了人工改造、人工合成、大腸桿菌表達、生物活性測定、雙元表達載體的構建以及對楊樹的轉化等一系列研究，主要結果如下： （ 1 ）顯微觀察該菌株所形成的伴孢晶體為方形。
  16. By increasing the h2 dilution ratio, it is found that atomic hydrogen can selectively etch amorphous phase and stabilize crystalline phase. from the study on the distance from substrate to catalyzer, choosing a proper distance can ensure the gas fully decomposed, while a relatively low substrate temperature can cause the nanocrystalline particles to lose mobility and keep their sizes. the pre - carbonization process can enhance the nucleation density and make the growth of high quality nanocrystalline p - sic films much easier

    實驗結果表明：隨著工作氣壓的減小，薄膜的晶粒尺寸有所減小；通過提高氫氣稀釋度，利用原子氫在成膜過程中起的刻蝕作用，可以穩定結晶相併去除雜相；選擇適當的熱絲距離能保證反應氣體充分分解，又使襯底具有較高的過冷度，是形成納米薄膜的重要條件；採用分步碳化法可以提高形核密度，有利於獲得高質量的納米- sic薄膜；襯底施加負偏壓可以明顯提高襯底表面的基團的活性，因負偏壓產生的離子轟擊還能造成高的表面缺陷密度，形成更多的形核位置。
  17. Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

    文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映
  18. On this basis, the author probes thoroughly into the problems existing in the organization culture of shengli oilfield glass steel plant, and points out that the organization culture construction not only lags behind the growth of the economic profits but also is playing a restricting role in the development of organization culture in many aspects. so, shengli oilfield glass steel plant needs start from the spirit culture construction to reconstruct a new organization culture, overcome the present indolence and dependence, and build up integral, systematic organization culture characteristic of innovation

    在此基礎上，作者對勝利油田玻璃鋼廠企業文化存在的問題作了深入探討，指出勝利油田玻璃鋼廠企業文化建設不僅明顯滯後於企業經濟效益的增長，而且企業文化對企業的發展開始出現諸多的制約作用，因此勝利油田玻璃鋼廠必須從精神文化建設入手，重建新的企業文化，克服目前的惰性和依賴性，建立起完整的、系統的、具有開拓創新特點的企業文化。
  19. Using this system, research on nox emission and burnout characters of the test facility are carried out. the results of influence on nox emission and carbon in fly ash by coal type, coal particle diameter, furnace temperature and excess air are reached through tests. then micronized coal reburning tests are processed, which show a remarkable effect results on nox reduction and burnout rate

    通過大量的試驗，得出了煤種、煤粉細度、爐膛溫度和過量空氣系數等因素對nox排放和煤粉燃燼率的影響趨勢；並在此基礎上研究了超細粉再燃對脫氮效果和燃燼性能的作用，試驗結果表明超細煤粉再燃對降低nox排放和飛灰含碳量具有明顯的效果。
  20. Normal tissues and tumor tissues methods a gene was cloned by exon trapping and exon linking technique. homologous analysis of the gene was researched by blast. then we explored the gene expression pattern in various human tissues by northern blot and rt - pcr

    正常組織及腫瘤組織實驗方法利用捕獲的外顯于進行blast同源性分析，之後採用外顯于拼接技術克隆新基因，利用rtpcr及northern印跡雜交檢測該基因的組織表達情況，同時以p 《 ctin作內對照。
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