風險采購 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [fēngxiǎncǎigòu]
風險采購
英文
risky buy-
Faced with the huge costs of launching new aircraft, airbus needs two things : more commercial partners to share the risk ; and the chance to outsource production to low - cost countries
面對推出新飛機要花費的巨大代價，空客需要2個條件：能分擔風險的更商業化合作；到廉價產品國家采購產品的機會。The discuss starts from the " positive externalities " of tech - research and development, pointing out that the products of tech - research and development somewhat has the property of " public good ". without < wp = 8 > government ' s interfere, the intensity of tech - research and development by private section ca n ' t meet the need of " pareto optism " because of the " positive externalities ", as a result, the items of venture capital are insufficient and the development of venture captal will be pull back. rational policies of government expediture can internalize the " positive externalities " - transforming them to more revenue or less cost of the tech - research and development private suppliers. be feared of the high risk at the beginning of venture capital, the private section ca n ' t provide enough capital, the " capital gap " should be fetched up by government with equity capital, creditor ' s right capital, subcidy, at the same time, some other means, such as government purchase, credit guarantee, capital insurance, tax expenditure can promte private capital, is also important. in this part, the function of the above means, the establishment and enforcment of them are breafly discussed. because tax policies play a critical role in fiscal policy, r - y chart is used to analyse the relation between tax and venture capital, at last, a conclution is drawn : tax expenditure can promote venture capital
這部分論述從科技研發成果的「外溢性」入手，指出科技研發成果在不同程度上具有「公共品」性質，這種外溢性使得在純市場條件下，私人部門研發活動強度達不到社會資源配置最優的要求，也使風險投資項目來源不足， < wp = 6 >阻礙風險投資的發展。合理的政府財政支出政策可以使「外溢性」內部化。之後，論述了風險投資資本來源與政府財政支出政策的關系，由於風險投資尤其是其初期的高風險性，民間風險資本不足，應由政府以股權及債權投資、補助等財政直接支出方式彌補資本缺口，運用政府采購、財政擔保、保險、貼息、稅收優惠等間接支出方式，鼓勵民間資本進入風險投資領域也同樣重要。The plan is to finger out the laws and rules in favor of the venture capital ' s operation in order as soon as possible, establish the leading fund provided by government, offer governmental credit assurance and stock, reduce the tax to the high - tech enterprise, construct the polarizing investor frame including government, corporation, international investment company, achieve the legalization of private - collecting fund, quicken the course of endowment insurance fund of investment to the venture capital, that can solve the problem of capital shortage, to improve the rule - framework of the investment company, and expect to carry out the limited and partnership company. through the way of theoretics education and practice, introduce into the advanced technology and talent to promote the ability of investment specialist, strengthen the inspection to medi - agency and exploit the operation scope, bring forward a set of high - tech enterprise evaluating system suitable to choose the enterprise invested by the investment company. last, buy by corporation, and - techniqufi - and property right dealing market is the practicable exit channel comparatively
即盡快制定有利於風險投資規范運作的法規及條例，建立政府導向基金，為高新技術企業提供政府信用擔保、政府采購以及稅收優惠等政策支持；構造由政府、大公司、國際投資公司構成的多元化投資者結構，盡快實現私募基金的合法化，加快社會養老保險基金進入風險投資的進程，以此方式解決資金短缺的問題；在目前有限責任和股份有限機構組織形式的基礎上，改善風險投資機構的法人治理結構，並建議早日實現有限合夥制組織形式；以理論教育結合實踐，引進國外先進技術和人才等方法促進投資專業人才能力的提高；通過加強對中介機構的監管和拓展中介機構風險投資中介服務，促進中介機構的建設，並結合實際提出一套適合於風險投資公司選擇投資項目的高新技術企業評估體系；最後建議以大公司收購和技術產權資本交易的方式作為目前較為可行的風險投資退出渠道。Through the systematical analyses measure, which combine classical model of project management and latest modern theory, the thesis integrative analyses the every factor which belong to scope management s time management 、 cost management 、 quality management 、 risk management 、 human resource management 、 procurement managements communication management and integration management of hunan international convention and exhibition center. especially research the effective and practical measure, which include time management of wbs s systematic model measure of risk management s earned value of investment control etc. it has continuous improved and developed the practice of project management, has realized the transform procedure from theory study to practical application. at the same time, the thesis discuss the development thinking of convention and exhibition economy, discuss the future study direction of project management science in our country, summarizes and evaluates the achievement which result from exce llent project management
論文採用項目管理經典模式與最新前沿理論相結合的系統分析方法，對湖南國際會展中心項目的范圍管理、時間管理、成本管理、質量管理、風險管理、采購管理、人力資源管理、溝通管理和集成管理中諸要素進行了優化分析，重點研究了基於wbs進度管理、系統模型法風險管理、掙值法投資控制等行之有效的、符合項目實際的項目管理技術方法，並在項目管理實踐中不斷完善和發展，實現了從理論研究到實踐應用的轉化過程。This paper, through the research on the implementing of gaobazhou water conservancy project, demonstrated that the project is technical feasible, economic reasonable, and is conform to the state macro policy in external environment. described the full - aspect management on the design process of gaobazhou water conservancy project, fully demonstrated that the selection of design scheme and the design quality is directly related to the investment, quality and progress control of the project ; described the full - aspect management on the construction process of gaobazhou water conservancy project, discussed the management procedure and manner of supervisor in the construction process, how does the contractor to complete construction task scientifically and reasonably by following the certain supervision procedure based on the contract ; described the management on the procurement of gaobazhou water conservancy project, clarified these cautions to be taken during material and equipment procurement through the discussion on the content of procurement contract ; described the project acceptance and after - event evaluation of gaobazhou water conservancy project, fully defined the content for the final acceptance of the project ; fully described the comprehensive management carried out on gaobazhou water conservancy project, mainly focused on the study of information management, communication management, conflict management and risk management, which ensured the smooth execution of the project
本文通過對高壩洲水利樞紐工程項目實施的研究，論證了高壩洲水利樞紐工程項目在技術上是可行的，在經濟上是合理的，在外部環境方面符合國家的宏觀政策；闡述了高壩洲水利樞紐工程設計過程的全面管理，充分論證了設計方案的選擇及設計質量的高低，直接關繫到工程項目的投資、質量和工程進度的控制好壞；闡述了高壩洲水利樞紐工程施工過程的全面管理，論述了監理在施工過程中的管理程序和方法，施工單位遵循一定的監理程序，依據施工合同科學合理地完成施工任務；闡述了高壩洲水利樞紐物質設備的采購管理，通過對采購合同內容的論述，明確了物質設備采購時應注意的問題；闡述了高壩洲水利樞紐工程項目驗收及后評價，明確了高壩洲水利樞紐工程項目竣工驗收的內容；較全面地闡述了高壩洲水利樞紐工程項目實施的綜合管理，重點研究了保證高壩洲水利樞紐工程項目順利實施的信息管理、溝通管理、沖突管理和風險管理。Project management combines nine fields of knowledge including : scope management, time management, cost management, quality management, risks management, personnel management, procurement management, communication management and integrity management
項目管理包含九大知識領域，這九大知識領域包括：項目范圍管理、時間管理、費用管理、質量管理、風險管理、人員管理、采購管理、溝通管理和項目整體管理問題。This webpage covers aspects of financial budget, control of accounts, tendering procedures including the code of practice on procurement of supplies, goods and services, and the third party risks insurance, etc
透過此網頁，你可以了解有關大廈的財政預算、帳目管理、招標程序包括供應品、貨品及服務采購工作守則，及第三者風險保險等。Project procurement management. the primary goal of project management is the management of cost, time and quality. the project management information system ( pmis ) is a kind of management information system ( mis ) that used in project management
項目管理是貫穿于項目整個生命周期內的管理，主要包含九個方面的內容： 1 、項目綜合管理； 2 、項目范圍管理； 3 、項目進度管理； 4 、項目投資費用管理； 5 、項目質量管理； 6 、項目人力資源管理； 7 、項目通訊管理； 8 、項目風險管理； 9 、項目采購管理。Since the normal media is not very effective on this condition, then synthetic diamond factory, as the semi finished product enterprise, have to take cyber - marketing and international trade by building their cyber - marketing system to fight a way in domestic market. at the same time, synthetic diamond firm can also regular their selling and purchase flow with the system to cut back on the cost and make their product competitive. this paper discusses the development of online - marketing both in the domestic marketing and in the international marketing, and probes into cyber - marketing theory, and puts forward a framework of integrating cyber - marketing and traditional marketing
人造金剛石企業作為典型專用性中間產品的生產企業在其他廣告媒體不能起到有效促銷作用的情況下，進行網路營銷體系的建設並通過網路營銷體系開展網上營銷和對外貿易從而開拓國際市場並從國內的惡性價格戰中突圍就成了金剛石企業的最好選擇；另外，金剛石企業還可以通過網路營銷體系規范自身的銷售流程，從而加強客戶關系管理以降低業務員個人控制客戶資源給企業帶來的巨大經營風險；網路營銷體系還可以幫助金剛石企業進行網上采購，從而規范采購流程，降低生產成本，增強產品的競爭力。It project management contains nine fields of knowledge : the management of project scale, the management of item, the management of cost, the management of quality, the management of risk, the management of stuff, the management of purchasing, the management of communication, and the macro management of item
項目管理包含項目范圍管理、時間管理、費用管理、質量管理、風險管理、人員管理、采購管理、溝通管理、項目整體管理等九大知識領域和項目啟動過程、項目計劃過程、項目執行過程、項目監控過程、項目收尾過程等五大項目過程。The chapter of project planning is to characterize the main planning sequence of the project : the scope planning - the scope definition - the action definition - the resource planning - the action sequence definition - the action duration - the cost evaluation - the schedule definition - the cost budget - the project planning. in order to deploy the entire project planning, the secondary planning is necessary : the quality planning, the communication planning, the organization planning, the risk planning, and the purchasing planning
項目計劃介紹了按照范圍計劃-范圍定義-活動定義-資源計劃-活動排序-活動歷時-費用估算-進度計劃-費用預算-項目計劃制定的主計劃順序，結合質量計劃、溝通計劃、組織計劃、風險計劃、采購計劃的輔助過程，完整地制定項目計劃的過程。Countermeasures against ventures in material purchase
防範企業物資采購風險的審計對策A project usually goes through four basic managerial procedures : project initialization, project planning, project fulfillment and control, and project ending. project initialization includes project selection, project staff establishment,
其中項目范圍規劃、項目分解結構、項目組織規劃、項目采購規劃以及項目風險管理規劃是本論文重點討論的部分。In another word, project management is to apply all kinds of resources to project, to achieve project ' s objective and to meet the requirement and expectation of all parties involved in the project
接著介紹了項目規劃的具體內容，包括項目范圍規劃、項目分解結構、項目進度規劃、項目費用規劃、項目質量管理規劃、項目組織規劃、項目采購規劃、項目風險管理規劃。Developed a suppliers base in vietnam in order to reduce the risk of focusing only in one low - cost country china
同時，還在越南找到一批供應商，以降低將采購固定在某一國中國的風險During the phase in order to make certain whether the enterprise has the capability in put the project in practice, value chain and supply chain was analyzed and assessed involved in organism structure, material - supplying and ordering, product plan, product structure, financial administration, material - disposing, capital administration, transport, storage, marking, sell and client service in the method of administration - diagnosing, phase - analyzing. secondly, the industry and market related to the output of the enterprise and project was analyzed according macro and micro hierarchy. in the process the five models of competitive ability, which are analysis framework of swot and baud ' s value chain, was utilized to analyze the competitive circumstance and competitive predominance in the enterprise and provide with the basis of analyzing cash flux of the debt project then by a qualitative and quantitative analysis the characteristic of the debt project was analyzed, the debt - repaying ability estimated and the risk of it assayed
首先，對企業的經營管理、財務狀況進行了分析，通過特定的財務分析方法體系對企業的償債能力狀況、財務效益狀況、資金營運狀況、發展能力狀況、現金流量狀況進行了橫向和縱向比較分析、評價和定位，通過管理診斷、層次分析的方法對企業的組織結構、原料供應與采購、生產計劃、生產組織、財務管理、材料處理、訂購過程、資產管理、運輸、倉儲、市場營銷、銷售以及客戶服務等企業價值鏈、供應鏈各環節進行了分析評價，以確定企業是否具備實施項目的能力；其次，分析了企業和項目產出所涉及的產業、市場，按照宏觀、中觀、微觀的層次結構分析推進，運用了swot分析框架、波特的一般價值鏈分析框架和波特的五種競爭力模型對企業競爭環境及企業內部產生競爭優勢的能力進行了分析，為債項的現金流量分析提供了較為充實的依據；通過定量、定性的方法分析了債項的特性，測算了償債能力，對債項風險進行了分析評價。How to guard against those risks, and further perfect the country ' s government procurement system is the crux of the matter
如何防範這些風險是進一步完善我國政府采購制度的關鍵所在。To this end, it is of paramount importance that the communication between all the parties be enhanced and effect an equitable sharing of risks and returns in the process of procurement and in contract agreement
要建立伴合作文化，最重要的莫過于要加強彼此的溝通，以及在采購和合約安排上能將風險及回報公平地分配。Paper ' s research purpose and significance : government budget reform helps to deepen institution reform of divisions " budget, government purchase and treasury centralizing receipt and pay institution, improve finance expense performance, regulate activities of government, finance and divisions, strengthen government ' s ability to dominate macro economies, construct the structure of public finance system, and defend and solve finance risk. paper ' s major structure : paper is divided into nine sectors, composed of introduction and eight chapters
論文的研究目的和意義：政府預算改革研究有助於深化部門預算、政府采購和國庫集中收付制度改革；政府預算改革研究有助於提高財政支出績效；政府預算改革研究有助於規范政府、財政和部門行為；政府預算改革研究有利於增強政府宏觀調控能力；政府預算改革研究有利於構建公共財政體制框架；政府預算改革研究有利於防範和化解財政風險。Rmb appreciation exerts unfavorable effects on domestic enterprises oriented to foreign contracting, which include mainly the rmb income decrease and the increases of labour power cost and domestic procurement cost induced by exchange rate risk
摘要人民幣升值對我國對外承包企業具有不利的影響，主要有：匯率風險導致人民幣收入減少、人力成本和國內采購成本增加等。分享友人