高等大地測量 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [gāoděngdàdecèliáng]
高等大地測量 英文
higher geodesy
  • 高 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （從下向上距離大; 離地面遠） tall; high 2 （在一般標準或平均程度之上; 等級在上的） above...
  • 等 : Ⅰ量詞1 （等級） class; grade; rank 2 （種; 類） kind; sort; type Ⅱ形容詞（程度或數量上相同） equa...
  • 測 : 動詞1. （測量） survey; fathom; measure 2. （測度; 推測） conjecture; infer
  • 量 : 量動1. （度量） measure 2. （估量） estimate; size up
  • 高等 : higher; advanced; high; of a higher level高等哺乳動物 higher mammal; 高等法院 high court; 高等教...
  • 測量 : measure; survey; gauge; meter; measurement; measuring; surveying; mensuration; metering; gauging;...
  1. The study includes the hole color tv imagery system for drill hole, even - pole bore - hole acoustic system and acoustic meter, bore - hole multi - point consolidation apparatus, the quick camera computer - aid image for high rocky slope, image technology for layer analysis, safety monitoring technology for the section close to the dam, software for processing and forecasting the slope monitoring data, high precision geodesy monitoring automation system, etc. all the study results are new, advanced and practical, which has applied in the project and gained the obvious benefits

    鉆孔彩色電視孔壁成像系統、直接橫波測井研究偶極子井下聲系和聲波儀、鉆孔多點滲壓儀及壓模系統、巖質高邊坡快速攝像微機地質素描成圖、層析成像技術、近壩庫段安全監測技術、邊坡監測數據處理預報軟體研究、高精度大地測量監測自動化系統等項目，研究成果內容新、先進、實用，已在工程中應用，效益顯著。
  2. Abstract : soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and erman ' s birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in erman ' s birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in erman ' s birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and erman ' s birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil

    文摘:為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25
  3. Soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and ermans birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in ermans birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in ermans birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and ermans birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil

    為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25
  4. The tester gives all kinds of control signals, measures the angles of the steering engines and displays the results automatically ， then the automation degree of steering engines measuring is highly increased

    該測試儀能夠實現自動給定各類控制信號，自動控制舵面偏轉，自動測量與顯示測試結果等功能，極大地提高了測試的自動化程度。
  5. With the development of the network and the multi - processor system, the research, simulation and the impemeni of the system - level fault diagnosis which is the very important means to increase the reliability of the system, are becoming more and more important. on the system - leve1 fault diagnosis, based on the group theory of system - level fault diagnosis that has been put forward by pro f zhang, the paper constructs newly the theory bases, improves on the matrix method, reinforces and consummates group arithmetic of all kinds of test mode, for the first time, analyses and discusses the equation solution of all kinds of models, so al1 the consistent fault patterns ( cfp ) could be found, straightly and high efficiently, even if the sufficient and necessary condition of t - diagnosable is dissatisfied and the complexity of system - level fault diagnosis is greatly decreased, especialy in strong t - diagnosabl6 system. last the simulation system ' s function has been extended and the application hotspot and the development trend have been disscussed

    本人在張大方教授等人提出的基於集團的系統級故障診斷的理論基礎上，重新構建了系統級故障診斷的理論基礎，定義了系統級故障診斷測試模型的三值表示；改進了系統級故障診斷的矩陣方法，重新定義了測試矩陣、鄰接矩陣、結點對、結點對的相連運算、極大準集團和斜加矩陣，由此能直觀、簡便地生成集團和極大獨立點集；補充和完善了各類測試模型的系統級故障診斷的集團演算法，通過定義集團測試邊和絕對故障集，簡化了集團診斷圖，由此能較易地找到所有的相容故障模式，即使不滿足t -可診斷性，大大減少了系統級故障診斷的復雜度，尤其是對強t -可診斷系統；首次分析探討了各類測試模型的方程解決，由此從另一角度能系統地、高效率地求出所有的相容故障模式（ cfp ） ：擴充了系統級故障診斷模擬系統的功能，快速、直觀和隨機地模擬實驗運行環境，進行清晰和正確的診斷，同時提供大量的實驗數據用於理論研究，優化演算法和設計。
  6. The measure module has bigger signal - to - noise ratio because adopting instrumentation amplifier, programmable gain amplifier and accumulate measurement

    信號檢測模塊採用儀表放大、程式控制增益放大、積累檢測方式等措施有效地提高了測量系統的信噪比。
  7. On the basis of practically achieved low - frequency laser - vibration measuring - system, this thesis analyses the principle of laser - vibration measuring - system, the optical factors which have effect on contrast degree of interference fringe, the optical - electric transformation factors which have effect on measuring accuracy, the important of filter for improving the accuracy in the absolute calibration and the outward vibration which has effect on system accuracy, etc. in chapter one, the background of laser measuring vibration, and then followed by its current status, is introduced and analyzed

    本論文根據實際研製的激光測振儀系統，從提高激光測振儀精度的角度出發介紹了激光測振儀的原理，並詳細地剖析了光路對測振儀干涉條紋對比度的影響、光電轉換對測量精度的影響、光電信號的濾波放大以及外界振動對測振儀系統的影響等技術問題。
  8. With an aim to arouse public awareness on the protection of underground utilities ( gas, water, drains, power, telecom, etc ) and work safety in road excavation, a series of open competitions will be jointly organized by hong kong institute of utility surveyors ( hkius ), the hong kong the hong kong association for the advancement of science and technology ( hkaast ), and utilityinfo institute ( uti )

    為提高大眾市民保護地下設施（煤氣、水管、水渠、電纜、視訊等）及道路安全的認知，香港管線測量師學會、香港工程師學會安全工程專責事務委員會、香港科技協進會及香港工程網路資料管理中心現正聯辦一系列地下管線相關之大型公開比賽。
  9. According to the geological data which was gained by exploration investigation, establishing a geological model which can reflect rock mass characteristics ; with analyzing the internal and exterior factors synthetically, the deformation and possible failure mechanism and mode of the cut slopes was confirmed which combines with stereoic projection and other techniques ; the stabilities of the 14 high slopes are estimated synthetically by applicable design codes and guidelines. with the estimate result and some other analysis methods, the rock mass mechanical parameters of slope are identified ; as a results, 14 high slopes fall into 4 categories based on rockmass characteristics and discontinuities. the stability and deformation of some typical slopes was analyzed with distinct element method by udec ; the safety factor of some dangerous slopes are calculated by rigid limiting equilibrium method for comparison

    首先著重研究影響邊坡穩定性的內在因素，主要是通過地質勘探、測量、現場觀測等手段取得研究區地質體的基礎地質資料，建立起能夠反映地質體結構特徵的地質模型;隨后綜合分析潛在的內外部影響因素，並結合赤平投影對邊坡可能的失穩模式或破壞機製作出判斷;運用已有巖體質量分類方法對沿線14個高陡邊坡穩定性進行初步的評價，並結合試驗研究、經驗判斷、工程類比等手段確定了坡體的巖體力學參數;根據穩定性初步評價結果將研究區14個高陡邊坡按開挖方式分為4大類，並利用離散元程序udec對各類典型高陡邊坡進行了穩定性計算分析;對潛在危險邊坡利用剛體極限平衡法求出了不同工況下的安全系數。
  10. In principle, ultrasonic sensors are suspended over a road, which keep emitting pulse signals periodically to nearby and feed back waves to decide existence of any obstacles, thus to detect the speed, height, length, different sizes ( heavy, medium and small ) of moving vehicles and accumulative flow as well as length of motorcade. optionally, it can be applied to multitude driving lanes simultaneously for traffic data. by integrating and analyzing these measured data, the necessary figures concerning traffic flow may be obtained, which are fundamental basis guiding road buildings

    本課題設計的是一種懸掛式超聲波車流多信息檢測器，通過懸掛于路面上方的超聲波探頭向路面周期性地發射脈沖信號，利用地面回波來判斷遮擋物地存在，可用於檢測行駛中的機動車車速、車高、車長、大中小分型以及累計車流量、車隊長度等信息，並可用於多個車道車流信息的同時檢測，綜合這些測量參數可獲得車流量的必要數據，可為公路建設提供必要的基礎依據。
  11. Based on the theories of gear engagement, contact analysis, friction and heat transfer, a three - dimensional finite element model of gear tooth was established to investigate temperature distributions and variations along the contact path over a range of applied loads and operating speeds with consideration of lubrication conditions. sensitivity analysis of surface temperature to gear configuration, frictional heat flux, heat transfer coefficients, and oil and ambient temperature was conducted and the major parameters influencing surface temperature were evaluated

    本文基於齒輪嚙合原理、輪齒接觸分析、摩擦學和傳熱學，以有限元分析方法和理論分析計算相結合為手段並以實驗測量結果作為參考，建立了適用於工業應用並具有較高計算精度的高速齒輪傳動輪齒溫度分析的模型和方法，系統地分析了輪齒本體溫度的大小和分佈以及齒輪幾何、載荷及轉速和潤滑冷卻條件等對輪齒本體溫度的影響。
  12. According to the high dispersedness and low precision of measurements when using the traditional time difference method in small diameter and low flow rates conditon, this paper brings forward a new method based on high - speed data acquisition technique. the time difference comes out accurately with high resolving ability of time by using the method and the signal processing algorithms. the developed ultrasonic detection system is composed of two ultrasonic detectors, a transmitting and receiving ultrasonic unit, a high - speed data acquisition unit and a computer

    本文針對傳統的時差法在小管徑、低流速測量時，具有測時結果分散性大、測量精度受計數頻率的影響大等不足，創造性地把高速數據採集技術應用在超聲波流量、壓力測量上，用信號處理演算法求時差，使時差成為一個統計量，有效地克服了超聲波傳統時差法測量精度差、不能測量小管徑、低流速流體流量的缺點，提高了時差測量的解析度和精度。
  13. At first, the author analyzed some chief factors such as light beam drift and atmospheric turbulence that affect the precision of the laser collimation in brief. then, the author studied the plan of the laser collimation generating nondiffracting beam and automatic level system with high precision. at last, the author completed the measurement of the straightness guideway by using ccd ( charge coupled device ) as the receiver and computer imaging processing

    文章首先簡要地分析了激光自身漂移、大氣湍流等影響激光準直精度的主要因素，然後對系統的激光準直方案進行論證，並確定了無衍射光束的生成方案、高精度自動安平系統的結構方案，最後以ccd為接收器件，通過計算機圖像處理，完成對軌道直線性的測量。
  14. Recently, according to the requirements of some important gps research subjects in the fields of geodesy, geophysics, space - physics and navigation in china, we studied systematically how to correcting the effects of the ionosphere on gps, with high - precision and accuracy

    根據當前大地測量、地球物理、空間物理和導航等領域的科學研究和工程應用中的若干重要gps科研項目的需要，近年來，我們系統研究了電離層延遲的高精度模擬和改正方法。
  15. Due to the advantages such as short response time, easy operation, and convenient to comprehend the wavefront modes, the hartmann wavefront sensor ( h - wfs ) is widely utilized nowadays in real - time adaptive optics system, turbulence statistical characterization, optical components test, light quality evaluation, laser atmosphere communication, the wavefront correction of ultrahigh power laser pulses, as well as human eye aberrations measurement. the detection accuracy is important to the performance of the whole optical system. considerable efforts have been performed in the investigation of h - wfs wavefront detection techniques in past years

    哈特曼波前傳感器具有實時探測，易操作，可以直觀顯示波前畸變分佈等優點，被廣泛地用作自適應光學系統的波前信息探測和波前畸變補償，大氣湍流統計特性表徵，光學元件檢測，光束質量評價，超強激光脈沖波前整形，激光大氣通信以及人眼象差測量等各個領域之中，其探測精度的高低對整個光學系統的工作性能有著極其重要的影響。
  16. Article 8 the state shall establish a nationwide unified geodetic coordinate system, plane coordinate system, vertical system, geocentric coordinate system and gravimetric system, and define the classification of orders and classes and precision of the national geodetic survey, as well as the national basic scale map series and their basic precision

    第八條國家建立全國統一的大地坐標系統、平面坐標系統、高程系統、地心坐標系統和重力測量系統，確定國家大地測量等級和精度，以及國家基本比例尺地圖的系列和基本精度。
  17. This paper confirms a kind of non - linear mapping relation between vibration velocity of particles on building and the influence factors, such as total explosive charge, maximum explosive charge fired at the same time, the distance between blasting point and monitoring points, peak particle velocity of ground where building is, the height from monitoring point to ground, and so on, and sets up a support vector machine ( svm ) model for forecasting the vibration effect induced by an explosion

    應用支持向量機，建立了總藥量、最大段藥量、爆破點與監測點距離、構築物所在地面震動峰值速度、測點到地面的高度等因素與建築物上的質點震動速度之間的非線性映射關系，確立了支持向量機預測模型。
  18. With advance of metrical precision for space geodesy techniques ( such as vlbi, llr, slr and gps ), more and more request to the trs is put forward

    隨著空間大地測量技術（ vlbi 、 llr 、 slr和gps等）的發展，對地球參考系也提出了越來越高的要求。
  19. As a mature technology for its static and accurate positioning, is widely used in the fields of geoscience study, geoid survey and other survey applications, which has brought about a new revolution for the methods and ways of survey. the digital photogrammetry can effectively reduce the work of the field survey and alleviate the labor intensity. its output results, such as digital ground model and digital products, can be widely used for engineering construction ; the outlook of its application has a bright future

    Gps靜態精密定位作為一種成熟技術已廣泛應用於地球科學研究、大地測量等各個測繪應用領域，給測量手段和方式帶來了一場新的革命；數字攝影測量技術可以有效減少野外測量的工作量，減輕勞動強度，其輸出成果數字地面模型及其數字化產品，與工程建設結合最為緊密，應用前景非常廣闊；遙感地質技術可為公路規劃和設計從宏觀上提供準確可靠的工程地質資料； cad作為一種可以極大地提高設計效率的有效手段已經被廣泛採用，目前正朝著可視化、動態化、三維化方向發展。
  20. In order to get this, some useful explorations on how to analysis and solve the problem of the ill - conditioning have been made and several biased estimators have been put forward. in fact, analyzing the essence, overcoming the effect of ill - conditioning and obtaining more accurate and stable parameters estimator is an new task in gps surveying data processing, which have been determined as an important studying field in contemporary surveying error theory and engineering data processing by the international association of geodesy ( iag )

    事實上，分析測量平差系統病態性的實質、克服或減弱測量平差系統病態性的影響、採用有偏估計等方法提高參數估計和平差成果的精度，是當前gps等重大測量工程數據處理中所面臨的一個重要課題，它已被國際大地測量協會（ iag ）確立為現代測量誤差理論及數據處理研究中的一項重要內容。
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