Phylogenetic analysis surports that anseranas should be placed in monotypic family anseranatidae, and the whistling ducks and the white - backed duck should be separated from subfamily anserinae and placed them into family dendrocygnidae. the family anatidae could be classified into two subfamilies, anserinae and anatinae. the results approve that the swans should be put into the tribe cygnini of subfamily anserinae as suggested by livezey ( 1996, 1997b ) and the shelducks should be placed in the tribe tadornini of subfamily anatinae, therefore, our results do not support sibley and ahlquist ' s ( 1990 ) establishment of the subfamily cygninae and placing the shelducks in the tribe anserini
研究結果表明： 1 ）
雁形目鳥類12srrna基因有較多的堿基插入和缺失，堿基轉換數高於顛換數； 2 ）贊同將鵲
鵝（ anseranas ）置於鵲
鵝科（ anseranatidae ）中，樹鴨（ dendrocygna ）應從
雁亞科（ anserinae ）中獨立出來設立樹鴨科（ dendrocygnidae ） ，白背鴨（ thalassornis ）隸屬于樹鴨科； 3 ）鴨科（ anatidae ）可分為
雁亞科和鴨亞科（ anatinae ） 2個亞科，不贊同sibley & ahlquist （ 1990 ）設立天
鵝亞科（ cygninae ）及將麻鴨歸入
雁族（ anserini ）的觀點，支持livezey （ 1996a ， 1997b ）的觀點建議將天
鵝類歸為
雁亞科天
鵝族（ cygnini ） ，麻鴨置於鴨亞科下麻鴨族； 4 ）在鴨亞科內的系統發生上，潛鴨最早分歧出來，麻鴨、海中文摘要鴨及棲鴨彼此iaj的親緣關系較近；河鴨族為一單系發生群，在系統演化中形成獨立的一支。
During april - july each year, over a hundred thousand birds such as wild geese, cormorants, swans and ducks, migrate over from south china and southeastern asia onto this small island with less than one square kilometre
在不到一平方公里的小島上，聚集來自中國南方及東南亞的十萬多隻各類候鳥，主要有斑頭
雁魚歐天
鵝及鴨類等。
Among the bright lights advertising hong yan goose heaven, which has been decorated in the style of a european alpine lodge, are four chinese characters boasting that the establishment is a zhong - fa hezuo, or sino - french co - operative
鴻
雁鵝莊被裝修成歐洲阿爾卑斯旅館的風格，在宣傳這家餐廳的閃亮霓虹燈中有4個漢字，炫耀著其「中法合資」的身份。
Roast goose, chaozhou style
潮州燒
雁鵝
Roast goose chaozhou style
潮州燒雁鵝
