點差交易 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [diǎnchājiāoyì]
點差交易 英文
spread betting
  • 點 : Ⅰ名詞1 （液體的小滴） drop （of liquid） 2 （細小的痕跡） spot; dot; speck 3 （漢字的筆畫「、」）...
  • 差 : 差Ⅰ名詞1 （不相同; 不相合） difference; dissimilarity 2 （差錯） mistake 3 [數學] （差數） differ...
  • 交 : Ⅰ動詞1 （把事物轉移給有關方面） hand over; give up; deliver 2 （到某一時辰或季節） reach （a cert...
  • 易 : Ⅰ形容詞1. （容易） easy 2. （平和） amiable Ⅱ動詞1. （改變; 變換） change 2. （交換） exchange Ⅲ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  1. In this paper, we study the trading model based on the project " the network market ", which was implemented by the chongqing electronic commerce inc and us. aiming at the shortage of trading model in " the network market ", we employ game theory and multi - criteria decision theory, introduce the matchmaking schema based on price and quantity into electronic commerce application, bring forward a market matchmaking trading model including five phases : market matchmaking, reinforce learning, biliteral negotiation, contract signing, contract executing. the main work and conclusion as follows : considering the behaviour of multi - buyers with multi - sellers, we realise a matchmaking model based on the price and quantity through double auction mechanism under discriminatory and non - discriminatory price situation, analyse the incentive compatibility and competitive equilibrium of the mechanism

    主要研究成果如下:針對多個買家與多個賣家的交易行為，提出一種撮合交易模型?採用價格和數量作為撮合要素，以雙重拍賣機制為撮合手段，重點研究均價和差價形式下的實現機制，並對其激勵相容性和市場均衡進行理論分析?為增強市場效率，論文提出了一種針對雙重拍賣的學習機制，它以三參數學習模型為基礎進行改進，藉助交易歷史信息，實現交易代理的自我學習
  2. To reduce the basis risk, this thesis offers a compound hedge policy on stock index futures and deduces the expressions of the hedge ratio in two instances when the cost is same or restricted. this paper analyses the investments of pension fund from 9 - 6 - 2003 to 7 - 10 - 2003, then it demonstrates the stock portfolio of pension found by the goal program model

    為了降低套期保值交易的基點差風險，本文提出了利用多種股票指數期貨對股票組合進行復合套期保值的策略，並給出了套期保值成本相同和限制套期保值成本兩種情況下的套期保值率公式。
  3. This article investigated deeply the actual state and problems on linklaters and alliance prduction, life and social service, which had performed for 3 years in petrochina southwest oil and gas field company ( it is called company for short as follows ), and analyzed the differencesand the reasons between the prices of part linklaters and alliance and government pricing and market pricing. and researched on the price and supersion mechanism of linklaters and alliance home and abroad. and propounded some suggestions about pricing standard and the range of price control in production, life and social service

    本論文通過深入調查中石油西南油氣田公司（以下簡稱公司）近3年生產、生活、社會服務關聯交易現狀及存在的問題;重點分析了公司部分關聯交易價格與政府定價及市場定價的差異及其形成差異的原因;研究了國內外關聯交易價格及監管機制;提出了公司生產、生活、社會服務關聯交易價格定價基準及價格控制幅度建議。
  4. Three type of option forward contract : interruptible, or callable, forward contract ; its supply - side analogue, puttable contract ; and their combination, bilateral optional electricity forward contract, are reported in chapter 5, these contracts allow market participants to take advantage of flexibility in generation or consumption to obtain a monetary benefit, while simultaneously removing the risk of market price fluctuations. in chapter 6 of this paper, various contracts for difference are discussed. the last part of this paper is conclusion and prospect

    論文首先分析比較了電力交易的幾種方式及其適用的環境，闡述了電力期貨的功能和意義；簡要介紹了電力期權和互換的概念與作用；重點研究運用金融衍生工具的理論分析遠期合約、期貨合約、可選擇遠期合約和差價合約等幾種電力合約的規避或降低風險的機理、合約價格或敲定價格的設定及市場參與者對這些工具的響應和運用這些工具的策略。
  5. Firstly, with the guidance of system analysis, fully considering the special characteristics, this thesis analyzes the origination of social function and the separate conditions. in the process of analysis, this thesis uses followed theories : transaction cost efficiency, difference efficiency theories, assets evaluation, time value of currency, which make the analysis become more scientific and more practical

    本文首先以系統分析方法為指導，充分考慮社會職能的自身特點，分析了社會職能產生的根源和分離的條件，在分析的過程中採用交易成本理論、差別效率理論、資產評估理論、貨幣時間價值理論，使本文的分析論述富有科學性和應用價值。
  6. There are some creative views as followings. 1. cancel the presumption of the multiplier, and consider the transaction is different between capital and consame goods. draw the conclusion that investing into consume goods and houses apt to muetipier

    本文在以下幾個方面具有某種意義的創新觀點： l 、對投資乘數進行了深入思考，認為交易次數的傳遞在消費品與資本品上有差別，對消費品的投資更利於乘數擴張；同時投資于住宅建設有利於提高消費傾向，也利於乘數擴張。
  7. The article has researched the intention of agricultural industrialization which is guided by market and mainstay enterprises, based on agricultural product base organized by a lot of families, and characterized by joint management and mutual benefit. it also realized production specialization, product commercialization, service socialization and etc. the article has also researched the existing conditions of agricultural industrialization both at home and abroad. although it is different in national conditions and actual practice, the developed countries follows the market economic law and naturally steps on the road of agricultural industrialization. as the continuous reforming and opening up, china actively explores and enhances the management level of agricultural industrialization. the writer uses system changing theory, scale management theory, trade expense theory. market system theory and industrial economics theory, to put forward the main type of mainstay enterprises, which is divided by ownership, organization form, contact form and product. the writer thinks that development of mainstay enterprises can promote effective joining between small production and big market, the developing of high - benefit agriculture, establishing trade / industry / agriculture operation system, region economics and joining process between urban area and rural area. the existing conditions in strengthening the mainstay enterprises in zhaoyuan embodies continuous expanding in scale. continuous widening in fields, continuous enhancing in benefits, continuous improving in techology and quality. by finding the problem and shortage in product quality, developing ability and scale strength, the article has put forward the following views : face to market and enhance quality and techological content of agricultural products ; enforce flexible policy and investments ; establish fair and reasonable benefits joining system. the article has also put forward the countermeasures and suggestions on enhancing the enterprises ' management level

    文章研究了農業產業化經營的內涵，明確其以市場為導向、以龍頭企業為依託、以一大批農戶組成的農產品生產基地為基礎，形成農工商有機結合、風險共擔、利益均沾的本質特點，表現出生產專業化、經營一體化、企業規模化、產品商品化、服務社會化等特徵。分析了國內外產業化經營的現狀，認為盡管各國的國情不同，具體的做法和叫法不盡相同，但是經濟發達國家都遵循市場經濟規律，很自然走上了農業產業化經營的道路，發展中國家紛紛仿效，中國也隨著改革開放不斷深入，積極探索發展提高農業產業化經營水平。作者運用制度變遷理論、規模經營理論、交易費用理論、市場機制理論和產業經濟學理論，提出了龍頭企業從所有制形式、從組織形式、從聯系方式及從產品上劃分的主要類型；認為發展龍頭企業有促進小生產與大市場的有效對接、推動優質高效農業縱深發展、建立貿工農一體化運行機制、振興區域經濟、加速城鄉一體化進程等作用；考察了招遠市壯大龍頭企業推進農業產業化的現狀，表現在規模不斷擴大、領域不斷拓寬、效益不斷提高、技術不斷改進、質量不斷提高等方面；找出了龍頭企業產品質量上、開發能力上、規模實力上和行業自律上的問題和差距，提出了要面向市場，努力提高農產品的質量和科技含量，多策並舉，搞活投入機制，建立公平合理的利益聯結機制，加強行業自律，提高企業經營管理水平等對策和建議。
  8. The difference is that domestic mbo is the result of institutional transition, but the overseas mbo is the competitive choice, and in china the price difference in share transactions makes managers have the goal to acquire the profits. this article analyzes the game relationship of mbo in china, and proves that the root caucus of china mbo non - prohibiting for the different behalves between local government and national assets management department, and between the representatives of state stockholders and managers. this paper makes an empirical analysis of the mbo performance of 26 listed companies in china and proves that mbo are beneficial to improve company ’ s performance, and further we analyze the problems, which exist in china mbo, and gives some suggestions, we think that the rational action to mbo is to give proper guides, instead of prohibiting it simply

    本文應用委託代理理論、人力資本理論和產權理論等對中西mbo動因進行系統的比較分析，得出結論認為中外mbo具有相同的激勵動因，都是知識經濟時代智能資本獲取企業所有權的企業權力安排形式，不同的是國內mbo是制度轉型的結果，而國外mbo是競爭選擇的結果，同時由於我國mbo存在股權交易價差，管理層具有獲取價差的直接動機;本文運用博弈論的方法對我國mbo 「禁而不止」問題進行分析，分析結論認為國資監管部門與地方政府和國有股東代表與管理層之間的利益差異是導致當前我國mbo 「禁而不止」的根本原因;文章通過對我國26家上市公司mbo並購績效的實證分析，得出結論認為mbo有利於公司績效的改善，進而文章對當前我國mbo存在問題展開分析，並提出幾點建議，我們認為當前對我國mbo的理性做法是適當引導，而非簡單禁止。
  9. Foreign exchange is real dish trade trade to nod difference in buying and selling in

    外匯實盤交易的交易成本體現在買賣點差里。
  10. Distribute the pertinent information of cloth according to authoritative ministry, enterprise bond interest already was made clear should impose income tax, in order to show the distinction that with national debt breed invests, and in principle is told, the method of levy taxes of dividend distribution income that its impose method to should get with investor is same, collect by the tax rate of 20 % namely, do not set case piece dot, when carrying out, by the clique interest firm generation is buckled, but according to handing in place management greatly to appear on the market the concerned department of enterprise bond says, appear on the market at present breed is very few, trade not active also, to its the executive job of accrual levy has not begun, the difference that goes up in yield level about enterprise bond and national debt so, answer to do not have immediate impact with pay taxes

    根據權威部分發布的相關信息，企業債券利息已明確是要徵收所得稅的，以示與國債品種投資的區別，且原則上講，其徵收辦法應同投資者得到的分紅派息所得征稅方法一樣，即按20 %的稅率徵收，不設起片點，執行時由派息公司代扣，但據深交所治理上市企業債券的有關部門稱，目前的上市品種很少，交易也不活躍，對其利息征稅的執行工作還未開始，所以有關企業債券與國債在收益率水平上的差別，應與納稅不納稅沒有直接關系
  11. Additional, according to international market convention, the bank is right big trade execute privilege of certain check the number, sell the price between bade case difference through narrowing bank buying price is mixed namely, to undertake big trading client is reduced trade cost

    另外，根據國際市場慣例，銀行對大額交易實行一定的點數優惠，即通過縮小銀行買入價格和賣出價格之間的價差，為進行大額交易的客戶降低交易成本。
  12. I was that close to closing the deal when duran starts dicking around

    我差點就達成交易了都是杜蘭開始胡鬧
  13. Expanding capital operation, as an important part in development strategy, is closely related with the long - term development of listed companies, therefore, listed companies should hold strategical view in planning and making - decision in conducting expanding capital operation. based on sustainable development principle, the dissertation analyses the essence of expanding capital operation and its basic models according to the theories of capital operation ; combined with existing situation of china ' s listed companies, analyses internal causes and external factors which lead expanding capital operation falling into dire straits, and advances that using strategy is a breakthrough point to solve the problem. then, with the logical line of strategical management " analysis of strategical environment - settlement of strategical targets - drawing - up and choosing strategical model - implementing and controlling strategy - assessing strategy ", brings strategy into expanding capital operation process, analyses factors effecting expanding capital operation, and constructs decision - making model for choosing strategical styles ; in the implementation stage, focus on fixing exchange price and the whole integration management ; at final, using conglomerate m & a strategy as an example, utilizing entropic measure method, regression - analysis, variance - analysis and spss digital - statistic software, constructs a model to illustrate the relationship between diversified m & a strategy and economic performance of listed companies, puts forward the suitable expanding capital operation style for china ' s listed companies, and gives some suggestions

    本文以公司持續發展為原則，根據資本運營理論，分析外擴型資本運營的內涵及其三種基本模式；並與我國上市公司的實際情況相結合，分析目前上市公司外擴型資本運營陷入困境的內在原因和宏觀因素，提出以戰略為支撐是我國上市公司外擴型資本運營走出困境的突破點；然後以"戰略環境分析-戰略目標定位-戰略制定及模式選擇-戰略實施與控制-戰略評價"的戰略管理邏輯主線，將戰略引入上市公司外擴型資本運營的各個階段，分析了影響上市公司進行外擴型資本運營的內外部因素、確立戰略性經營目標，構建我國上市公司外擴型資本運營戰略模式的決策模型；在戰略實施階段，重點研究交易價格的確定和全面整合管理；最後，以目前我國上市公司外擴型資本運營中常見的混合併購模式為例，運用熵測量法、回歸分析、方差分析等計量方法及spss大型數據統計軟體，構建模型，研究上市公司混合併購戰略與經濟績效的關系，在分析結果的基礎提出適合我國上市公司發展的外擴型資本運營模式及相關的建議。
  14. We also analyze the reason that affect china ’ s urban - rural income difference and cause it to extend, from the aspects of transaction efficiency and financial development besides the traditional viewpoint

    接著又分析了城鄉居民收入差距形成和促使其不斷擴大的原因，在總結傳統觀點的基礎上，增加了從交易效率、金融發展角度的解釋。
  15. To take one example, emerging - market bond spreads ( the excess yield over american treasuries ) are close to all - time lows, according to morgan stanley, an investment bank, whereas emerging stockmarkets trade at their usual discount to developed - world shares

    舉個例子，投資銀行摩根?士丹利宣稱新興市場債券息差（收益率超過美國國債收益率的部分）接近於有史以來最低點，但是新興股票市場對發達世界股票的交易仍按他們通常的折扣。
  16. Focusing on the shortcomings of emission trading study in china, the authors analyze the gaming practice of decision making process of enterprises, to extend the studies on emission trading via micro behavior analysis. the paper identifies that transaction cost, definition and allocation of initial emission rights, differential of marginal abatement costs, numbers of enterprises involving emission trading scheme are the key elements and factors that influencing the decisions and behaviors of enterprises in china

    針對目前中國排污權交易研究中存在的盲點，通過對企業決策的博弈分析，嘗試從微觀行為分析的角度擴展對排污權交易理論的研究，具體討論了排污權交易市場下影響企業決策與行為的主要影響因素，認為交易成本污染排放權利的界定與分配邊際減排成本差異排污權交易市場中參與企業的數量等是影響中國排污權交易制度能否有效實施的關鍵因素。
  17. In this essay, firstly the author analyzes the predictability of time series from china ' s stock exchange using three kinds of methods : arma model, neural network model and non - parametric estimation and gives evaluation on their performances while at the same time puts forward some conclusions deserving attention from both stock exchange supervising department and stock traders. secondly, the author examines the assumptions closely on which the above - said methods base and gives a detailed discussion on them, especially using garch model to test quantitatively the stability of china ' s stock exchange, afterwards drawing the conclusion that it is hard to make accurate prediction of price or return rate of china ' s stocks for none of the assumptions fully holds ground. thirdly, taking account of the difference between chinese stock traders as a whole and that of developed countries, the author gives a thorough analysis on the complexity and volatility of its ( traders " ) reaction to information and points out that the intrinsic heterogeneous and volatile reaction to information is an important reason for the almost unpredictability of the price or return rate in china ' s stock exchange

    本文首先採用arma模型、非參數模型以及神經網路模型對我國股市時間序列進行研究，對三種方法在分析我國股市時間序列的表現進行評價，並得出了一些對監管部門以及股票交易者有借鑒意義的結論；其次作者對三種模型分析我國股市時間序列的前提進行了討論，特別是利用garch模型對我國股市的系統穩定性進行了量化檢驗，得出了前提難以滿足導致準確預測我國股市價格或收益率困難的結論；第三，考慮到中國股市股票交易者群體與發達國家股市股票交易者群體之間的差異，作者借用行為金融學的理論成果對我國股票交易者對信息反應的復雜性和易變性進行了詳細分析，指出股票交易者對信息反應的異質性和易變性是造成難以準確預測我國股市的一個重要原因，考慮到我國股市以散戶為主導的特性將長期存在，因此將行為金融學的研究結論納入對我國股市時間序列的量化研究具有重要的意義；最後，作者從唯理預測與唯象預測之間差異的角度出發，指出了唯象預測的缺點並對我國股市時間序列的研究方向進行了展望。
  18. The object of this thesis for a master ' s degree is to study the existence of seasonality effect in shanghai and shenzhen a - share market. we use the return data of a - share indices ranging from july 21st, 1997 to the end of year 2000 to study this effect by employing five different asymmetric garch - m models. before the garch analysis this paper studied the detail in very detail and find that the data is not much different from the index returns from developed market : it is fat tailed, with high kurtosis

    本研究首先對選取的樣本? ?中國的上海和深圳兩個股票市場a -股綜合指數1997年7月21日到2002年12月31日間1316個交易日的收益率的數據分別進行了深入的分析，發現滬深兩市已經逐步趨于規范化，其指數收益率分佈具有明顯的尖峰、厚尾的特點；然後分別運用了ljung - boxq檢驗和增廣的dick - fuller檢驗，發現所研究的兩個市場的收益率都具有明顯的自相關性，並且都是穩定序列；最後利用white異方差檢驗和arch性檢驗，證明了本文所研究的樣本具有明顯的異方差性和顯著的arch效應，因此用自回歸條件異方差模型來研究中國股市的季節效應非常合適。
  19. This article focuses on : the application of valuation models in m & a ; how to value the management synergy effect and the financial synergy effect after the consolidation of two corporations ; how to evaluate the reorganization on the management level to the target company ( the control of target company ) ; how to produce the value reduced effect with the behavior of both vendor and purchaser ; common deviation and mistakes in value appraisal

    本文論述重點包括:在並購交易中估價方法的具體應用;兩家公司合併后，產生的經營協同效應和財務協同效應對價值是如何影響的，以及定量評估協同效應的方法;重組目標公司和變更管理層（公司控制）對價值的影響，以及如何評估;由於買賣雙方的行為，如何對價值產生抵減效應;並購評估常出現的偏差與錯誤。
  20. The paper is composed of five chapters the first chapter first introduces the concept, characteristics and the course of development of the stock index futures, then deduces the pricing formula of stock index futures and further analyses the functions of stock index futures and the impact of its transaction on the fluctuation of the spot transactions. the second chapter demonstrates the need and feasibility of the introduction of the stock index futures in china. through the empirical analysis of the market risk of china ' s stock market, we can see that the risk difference between individual stocks, so a portfolio investment wo n ' t help much in risk aversion

    本論文共分為五章，第一章在介紹股票指數期貨的概念、特點以及產生與發展的過程的基礎上，對股票指數期貨的定價公式進行了推導，從而引出股票指數期貨的套期保值、指數套利、資產配置、組合保險等作用，進而分析股票指數期貨交易對股票現貨市場波動性的影響；第二章主要是對中國推出股票指數期貨的必要性和可行性進行論證，通過對中國股票市場風險測度的實證分析，得出了中國股票價格波動齊漲齊落，個股之間的風險差異小的特點，因此，投資者進行投資組合的避險效果就很有限，無論是個人投資者還是機構投資者，都必須面臨中國股票市場巨大風險的事實。
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