assumed risk 中文意思是什麼

In the model principal and agent are both assumed to be risk avoidable. and we have brought implicit incentive such as reputation mechanism and pay postposition into the model

在模型中，假設委託人和代理人均是風險規避性的，並將聲譽機制、後置報酬等隱性激勵也納入模型中。

Neither the risk factors assumed by the guidelines nor the choice of empiric therapy was predictie of either the early treatment response or the final functional outcome of the peritonitis episodes

抗菌素治療的選擇和疾病風險因素的認定對疾病早期治療的反應或最終疾病的預后是不可預測的

Because agriculture is safe assumed risk is more complex, most danger belongs to catastrophe, compensate pays rate is high, management risk is big, additional, the professional work with safe agriculture is dispersive, overhead expenses and management cost is higher, accordingly, agriculture is safe this one characteristic, the general regulation that makes its are sure according to commerce hard undertakes management, the regulation of commercial insurance behavior of establish of insurance law place also applies to agricultural insurance completely hard

由於農業保險承擔的危險比較復雜，多數危險屬于巨災，賠付率高，經營風險大，另外，農業保險的業務分散，治理費用和經營成本都比較高，因此，農業保險這一特點，使其難以按照商業保險的一般規則進行經營，保險法所確立的商業保險行為規則也難以完全適用於農業保險。

This article is based on the principles of risk management and insurance. it insights into the interrelationship among risk, insurable interest and such important factors as insurance value in mortgage insurance, explains the asymmetry of risk assumed and relevant coverage, shows the brand new concept of ratio of real estate insurance value, argues the application of replacement less depreciation approach to the valuation of insurance value in mortgage insurance, and analyzes the valued policy and moral hazard in real estate insurance

本文基於風險與保險基本原理和不動產估價原則，結合保險發達國家不動產保險實務和我國抵押貸款相關險種保單條款，深入剖析住房抵押貸款保險的風險、可保利益、保險價值等要素的內在聯系以及現行保險條款中風險與保險責任不對稱的原因，提出了不動產保險價值比率的全新概念，論證了住房抵押貸款的保險價值評估適用抵押房屋重置價值的觀點，並對不動產保險中定值保單和道德風險進行了探討。

However, if the circumstances so indicate, the risk is assumed by the buyer from the time the goods were handed over to the carrier who issued the documents embodying the contract of carriage

但是，如果情況表明有此需要，從貨物交付給簽發載有運輸合同單據的承運人時起，風險就由買方承擔。

Because the risk of lending to people who might not be able to repay might be larger than the risk willingly assumed by those with money to save, there is a need for financial intermediaries

由於借款人無法償還的風險，可能大過投資者所願意承受，我們便需要有金融中介人。

Then, this paper empirically tested the validation and predictive accuracy of different var risk management model in the domestic financial market. finally, with the analysis of modem financial risk management development trend and the current domestic financial risk management situation, this paper made a prospect for the application of this model in the construction of domestic financial risk management system. through the analysis, the main conclusions are as follows : ( l ) the traditional mean - variance model is the special example of the portfolio selection based on the var risk management model for the case that the returns of the portfolio are assumed to be normally distributed ; compared with the mean - variance model, the var risk management model is more comprehensive and accurate in the measurement of the portfolio risk, so based on the var model, the investors can allocate the asset more effectively. ( 2 ) the var risk management model can provide the timely and comprehensive risk information for the top risk manager, so it is very helpful to the improvement of total risk management efficiency. ( 3 ) based on the var model, the raroc performance valuation approach can reflect the real performance of the portfolio manager and provide the coherent standard for the allocation of risk limitation and the construction of the incentive compatibility constraint mechanism in the financial instiutions

通過研究分析，本文主要得出如下結論： （ 1 ）傳統的markowitz均值? ?方差模型僅僅是在資產組合收益率正態分佈假設條件下基於var風險管理模型進行資產組合選擇的特例，與均值? ?方差模型中的方差風險度量方法相比， var風險管理模型能夠更全面、更貼切地衡量資產組合的風險，且基於此模型能夠更有效地進行資產配置決策； （ 2 ） var風險管理模型能夠滿足更高層次風險管理者對風險信息的需求，有助於整體風險管理效率的提高； （ 3 ）基於var風險管理模型的raroc績效評價能夠反映資產組合管理人的真實業績，從而為金融機構風險限額的分配和激勵約束機制的制定提供統一的標準； （ 4 ）國內證券市場資產組合收益率服從正態分佈的假設明顯不成立，實證檢驗表明基於資產組合收益率正態分佈假設條件下的方差? ?協方差模型對國內資產組合風險的預測存在較大的偏差，由於文中證明在收益率正態分佈假設條件下基於方差? ?協方差模型進行資產組合選擇的結果等價于markowitz的均值? ?方差模型，因此，均值? ?方差模型對國內資產組合風險的預測同樣會存在著較大的偏差，而半參數var風險管理模型則能夠取得較好的預測衡量效果； （ 5 ） var風險管理模型符合未來金融風險管理的發展趨勢，基於var風險管理模型建立內容提要風險限額內控體系、風險信息披露體系和業績評價體系，並進行金融監管，將有助於國內金融機構內部風險管理方法和外部監管技術跟上國際金融風險管理的發展潮流。

The bargainor must be assumed mix goods carry to all risks of designation destination charge, when including to deal with customs procedures in need, should hand in in destination any " duty is expended " ( the responsibility that includes conduction customs procedures and risk, and pay poundage, custom duty, imposition and other fee )

賣方必須承擔將貨物運至指定的目的地的一切風險和費用，包括在需要辦理海關手續時在目的地應交納的任何「稅費」 （包括辦理海關手續的責任和風險，以及交納手續費、關稅、稅款和其他費用） 。

The introduction black - scholes models still assumed, namely the introduction of modern process ( wiener process, also called brownian motion ) to save the stock yield random fluctuations, weak markets and the effectiveness of the use of consistent share of the techniques ( ( markov property ) to describe the stock price change random process, the use of risk - neutral pricing theory through the analysis of the nature of asset price process martingale, established european style to the value of stock options with mathematical models

本文仍然引入black - scholes的模型假定，也即引入維納過程（ wienerprocess ， alsocalledbrownianmotion ）來刻畫股票收益率的隨機波動，採用與弱型市場有效性相一致的股價的馬爾可夫性（ markovproperty ）來描述股票價格變化的隨機過程，運用風險中性定價理論，通過分析資產價格過程鞅的性質，建立了歐式再裝股票期權價值的數學模型。

The capital in investing account has investment by the investment expert of insurance company completely, the accrual of investment reachs total share inside investment account, put in a client ' s charge all, the risk that invests at the same time also is assumed by the client

投資賬戶中的資金全由保險公司的投資專家進行投資，投資的收益將全部分攤到投資賬戶內，歸客戶所有，同時投資的風險也由客戶承擔。