baroclinic 中文意思是什麼

The result indicates that, in the course of the rainstorm in huoshan, there are obvious low - level jet of great intensity, infection of mesoscale shear line, enhancement of plus vorticity which increases intensity of convergence, improves ascending velocity and brings on precipitation, and quick enhancement of helicity which provides the basis to forecast, in addition, convergence of moisture flux and analyzed potential vorticity which reflects baroclinic convective instability sufficiently indicate the characteristics of the rainstorm

結果表明：此次霍山暴雨發生前後，存在明顯的大強度低空急流，並受到中尺度切變線的影響，而且正渦度的加強引起了輻合加劇，提高了上升速度從而引起降水，同時暴雨發生前螺旋度的迅速增強，也為預報提供了根據，另外水汽通量的輻合以及分析位渦反映出的斜壓對流不穩定都充分體現了這次降水的特點。

Why do baroclinic waves tilt poleward with height

為什麼斜壓波隨高度向極傾斜？

The percent of barotropic kinetic energy decreased and the couterpart of baroclinic kinetic energy increased

且正壓動能占總動能的百分比減少，而斜壓動能占總動能的百分比增加。

The updated model with complete forcing has excellent ability of simulation and forecast. to study yellow and east china circulation in winter and summer, based on long - term ocean observation data of january and august, the fine structure of yellow and east china seas circulation is diagnostically calculated with complete forcing ( including surface wind stress, boundary transportation, baroclinic effect, tide, changjiang river runoff ) in winter. the influences of factors on main circulation patterns are discussed respectively

對于冬季和夏季海洋環流的情況，在多年觀測的溫鹽資料基礎上，分別以1月份和8月份代表黃東海冬季和夏季的情況，以月平均大氣風應力、邊界流輸送、溫鹽斜壓效應、潮汐、長江口徑流等作為強迫條件，對黃東海環流的細微結構作了高分辨的三維數值模擬，探討了各因子對冬、夏季主要流系的動力學作用。

In the second part of the paper, with employing the game reanalysis data and on the basis of the theories of the baroclinic vorticity development, this paper inferred from the dynamic analysis that the horizontal vorticity can represent the baroclinic intensity of the large - scale atmosphere, and the conversion of the horizontal vorticity converting into the vertical vorticity is actually the phenomenon that the horizontal vorticity flux of the summer monsoon owning the striking longitudinal - direction vertical structure and the strong baroclinicity, influence on the horizontal movement of the atmosphere

在第二部分，基於第一部分的結果，本文在斜壓渦度發展理論的基礎上，用在我國季風區具有更高準確性的game再分析資料，討論分析了能代表大尺度大氣斜壓性強度的水平渦度在向垂直渦度轉化的情況，說明了此轉化就是具有明顯經向垂直結構特徵和強斜壓性的夏季風環流圈將其經向垂直剖面上的渦旋通量強迫於水平運動的現象。

To the large - scale atmosphere, we separate the terms of the horizontal vorticity converting into the vertical vorticity, which considered as the baroclinic terms, from the terms that not including horizontal vorticity by the rules of the p coordinate transforming to the z coordinate in the traditional vorticity equation, and carry out the scale analysis, and then conclude that the baroclinic terms are able to reach the same magnitude grade as the partial derivative of the vertical vorticity to time when it takes place the large scale precipitation in the summer monsoon period in china. by analyzing the game reanalysis data from april to august in 1998 in the region of chinese continent, we found that the baroclinic terms is important to the large - scale cyclone developing above the 600hpa, and the magnitude changing of the baroclinic terms is nearly in - phase as the monsoon movement, so which imply exactly that the magnitude changing of the baroclinic terms is the one of the natural characters of the summer monsoon evolution and equivalent to the movement rule of the subtropical high of the western pacific

在p坐標垂直渦度方程中，利用p坐標向z坐標轉換的公式將水平渦度向垂直渦度轉化的所有項分離出來，這些項具有明顯的斜壓特徵，對其進行尺度分析后，得出在可以忽略潛熱釋放對渦度影響的對流層中、高層，此轉化項是大尺度斜壓渦度發展的重要項。通過對1998年48月的game再分析資料進行實際計算也發現，轉化項在東亞夏季風上升支的600hpa及以上層次對垂直渦度的局地變化貢獻很大，不能忽略。同時發現水平渦度向垂直渦度的轉化在南海季風爆發時和江淮梅雨入梅及發展過程中均有指示性意義，在南海季風爆發以後，在中國東南部地區，轉化項的大小與夏季風的活躍和中斷等活動有著幾乎一致的變化規律，這從側面也指出了，此轉化項的變化是夏季風演變所具有的本質特徵，並且它反映出了西太平洋副高在中國大陸的活動情況。

A 3 - d baroclinic ocean model is used to examine the influence of tide, offshore wind and upwelling - favorable wind on the river plume development

摘要採用三維斜壓海流模型模擬了潮汐混合、離岸風以及上升流風對河流羽流發展的影響。

With the research of the evolvement features of barotropic and baroclinic atmosphere flow fields, the mechanism has been studied of the formation, development and die out of the heavy rainfall which occurred in wu - han during the period of 21 - 22, july 1998. the results are shown as follows : the evolvement of the rainstorm has a close relation to the barotropic component of the real atmospheric flow filed. and the barotropic component is, to a certain degree, also responsible for the coupling characteristics of high - and low - level jets

本文從研究大氣正、斜壓流場的演變特徵入手研究了1998年7月武漢的一次強暴雨發生、發展、消亡全過程的機理，研究結果表明： （ 1 ）未經過尺度分離的實際大氣流場正壓分量的演變與此次暴雨的醞踉、發展和消亡相對應，並且正壓分量在一定程度上反映高、低空急流耦合特徵。

One is the change of the basic - state parameters ( e. g., the zonal wind field ) ; the other is existence, in the real atmosphere, of instabilities not described in our model, like for instance, baroclinic instability

一個是基態參數（例如緯向風場）的變化；另一個在實際大氣存在的不穩定（此模式未予涉及） ，例如斜壓不穩定。

In the upper troposphere, there is no intact asian active center. the troposphere structure of summertime ao is implicated with the horizontal heterogeneity of air temperature throughout the whole troposphere with its center over asian continent, which results in the zonal asymmetry and baroclinic structure of the summertime ao ( especially its asian center ). on the contrary, the correlation between wintertime ao and sea - land thermal contrast confines in the lower troposphere, hence its zonal asymmetry and baroclinity in the lower level

夏季北極濤動的這種結構與對流層整層的溫度水平分佈不均勻性有密切聯系，且這種溫度分佈差異主要體現在亞洲大陸，因而也就使北極濤動的中緯度亞洲中心呈現出比同緯度帶其它區域更為明顯的緯向非對稱性和斜壓性；而冬季北極濤動受下墊面海陸分佈差異影響，其緯向非對稱型和斜壓性質主要出現在對流層中低層，在對流層高層表現出很強的環形模態和正壓結構。

The baroclinic component of the real atmospheric flow fields played a dominant role during the torrential rain. with the development of the rainstorm, the barotropic component of the real atmospheric flow fields decreased, along with the baroclinic component increasing

暴雨前後，實際大氣流場的斜壓性一直佔主導地位，並且隨著暴雨的發展，實際大氣流場的正壓性減弱而斜壓性進一步增強。

The numerical simulation with complete forcing produces the main characteristics of yellow and east china seas circulation in summer. baroclinic effect plays a important role on yellow seas circulation that yellow seas cold water mass induces a anticlockwise circulation. tide also strengthens it

夏季黃海的環流結構體現了較強的斜壓性，主要以密度流為主，黃海冷水團在黃海中部誘導了一個氣旋式環流，潮汐作用亦對這一環流有貢獻。

In contrast, the out - of - phase vacillation in summertime ao covers the arctic region and mid - latitude asian continent. though the summertime ao exists on intraseasonal as well as interannual time scale, its asian active center abates on the intraseasonal pattern, thus awarding it more conspicuous zonal symmetric structure. interannually, summertime ao exhibits the zonal asymmetric and baroclinic features, and its seesaw mode is significant only in the lower troposphere

在年際時間尺度上，夏季北極濤動表現出比冬季北極濤動更強的緯向非對稱性和對流層高、低層位相不一致的斜壓性，其極地中心和亞洲中心的反位相濤動關系在對流層低層比較顯著，向上逐漸減弱，到對流層高層不能表現明顯的亞洲中心。

With the development of the storm, the barotropic component of the mesoscale flow field was decreasing and the baroclinic component was reinforced. on the contrary, the barotropic component of the subsynoptic scale flow fields was reinforced and the baroclinic component was decreasing. the baroclinic kinetic energy played a key role in the process of the rainstorm.

暴雨前後，次天氣尺度與中尺度流場的斜壓性都是佔主導地位，隨著暴雨的發展，中尺度流場的正壓性減弱而斜壓性進一步增強，而次天氣尺度流場的正壓性增強而斜壓性減弱。

The barotropic force is the dominant dynamic factor in the modaomen estuary, but the baroclinic force is also important during the dry season

正壓力為磨刀門河口動力的主導因素，但在枯季動力平衡中，斜壓力也是不可忽略的項。

This paper investigates the two interrelated problems from the following two parts : first part, a polar coordinate quasi - geostrophic barotropic model, a cartesian coordinate quasi - geostrophic barotropic model, a quasi - geostrophic baroclinic model, and a quasi - geostrophic barotropic vorticity model under the condition of non - stationary typhoon circulation are designed within the framework of advection dynamics, and systematically dynamic studies on effects of different physical processes on the intensity of typhoons are conducted

研究內容分兩個部分。第一部分，在平流動力學框架內設計了一個極坐標準地轉正壓模式、一個直角坐標中準地轉正壓模式、一個準地轉斜壓模式、以及一個非定常臺風環流條件下準地轉正壓渦度模式，對引起臺風強度變化的不同物理過程進行了較系統的動力學研究。

With 1958 ~ 1997 ncep / ncar reanalysis data and 1961 ~ 1995 summer ( jja ) rainfall and temperature records of 160 stations in china, a new east asian subtropical summer monsoon circulation index is defined, in which the barotropic and baroclinic components of the circulation are included

摘要採用大氣環流正、斜壓分解方法，從東亞副熱帶夏季風為正、斜壓混合型季風觀點出發，定義並計算了1958 - 1997年東亞副熱帶夏季風環流指數。

In this thesis, studies were carried out on the theoretical schemes of data assimilation and their applications on sea fluid field, the three - dimensional baroclinic primitive equation model - hamburg shelf ocean model ( hamsom ) - being one part of the three ones that constitute the data assimilation ( da ) system. effective modification on schemes of da were obtained and applications on topex / poseidon ( t / p ) data results that covering the area of yellow sea and east sea were done. the final results became closer to the objective nature

本文以三維陸架海模型（ hamsom ）作為數據同化系統的模型部分，深入研究了數據同化的理論方法和在海洋流場數據處理中的應用，對海洋場的數據同化方法提出了行之有效的改進，並將中國黃、東海區域內的topex poseidon （ t p ）數據和理論模式的計算結果相結合，進行同化處理，獲得了更接近於真實的結果。

In this thesis, the tides and tidal currents in the seas adjacent to zhejiang province are simulated with a three - dimensional baroclinic primitive equation model - hamburg shelf ocean model ( hamsom ). two numerical techniques - nested grid and moving boundary method are used successfully and high precision results which compared with the observed ones are obtained. these results reveal the characteristics and the moving rules of the tides and tidal currents in this area

本文採用三維陸架海模式（ hamsom ）對整個浙江近海的潮汐和潮流進行了三維數值模擬，成功地應用網格嵌套和動邊界技術獲得了和實測資料相吻合的較高精度的結果，揭示了浙江近海潮汐、潮流的主要特徵和運動規律。

In transforming stage the intruding of cold air intensifies convergence in lower level, which makes for kinetic energy generation and favors to cyclone maintaining. in reintensifying stage the effect of upper jet increases kinetic energy generation by divergent wind in lower level, which causes baroclinic developing in cyclone

在變性階段，由於冷空氣的侵入使低層的動能製造增加，對臺風的維持起了主要的作用在重新加強階段，高空急流的影響使低層散度風的動能製造明顯增加，使氣旋斜壓不穩定發展。