before-after study 中文意思是什麼
before-after study
解釋
后對照研究-
Study and clinical observation of connected enzymology and tissue immune complex before and after therapy of vulvar dystrophy with immune inhibitor and traditional chinese medicine
免疫抑制劑及中藥治療外陰營養不良前後相關酶學及局部組織免疫復合物的研究及臨床觀察 -
The ihs study is based on data collected in iraq both before and after the invasion, showing the oilfields ' reserves and production history
Ihs的這項研究依據的是伊戰前後收集的數據，顯示了油田的儲量和生產歷史。 -
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。 -
The study, which is reported in the january issue of chest, inoled 97 subjects with asthma who were sureyed and underwent spirometry testing before and after spending 1 hour on beaches with and without an actie red tide
胸科雜志一月版報導了一項研究，研究涉及（有關紅潮毒素對哮喘影響的） 97項課題，接受測試的哮喘病人需在有或無紅潮的海岸上度過1小時並在此前後接受肺活量檢查。 -
He was graduate form conductor department of shanghai conservatory of music. before he studied abroad, he had been the syndic conductor of shanghai symphony orchestra. during his study in colon conservatory, his got the phd of conduct and the master s degree of piano. then he back to china in 1985. after that he hold the post of the chief conductor of shanghai symphony orchestra, and make the orchestra played in german, french, italy, switzerland, us, and janpan etc, and received much prize. in 1987, he was recorded in the cambridge international biography centre as one of the world celebrity
1969年畢業于上海音樂學院指揮系， 1977年任上海交響樂團常任指揮，后出國深造，在德國科隆音樂學院攻讀指揮和鋼琴專業，獲得了指揮學博士和鋼琴碩士學位。 1985年學成歸國后，擔任上海交響樂團首席指揮，並帶領樂團在德國法國義大利瑞士美國日本等國巡迴演出，獲得好評。 -
Before - after study
后對照研究 -
1 before - after study of a standardized hospital order set for the management of septic shock *
對于醫院感染性休克病人標準化管理規則的前後對照研究。 -
Before studying the concrete composite deck pavement, we introduce the basic theory of touching analysis, and come up with the realization of touching analysis in the fem analysis considering the touch of concrete bridge cover plates, asphaltum concrete overlay with bridge cover etc. connect with the experiment on the spot of bridge, the software ansys is used to solidity modeling and analyzing an assembly simply supported bridge before adding overlap, after adding overlap etc., and study the influence of adding overlap on the underside bridge structures
在進行裝配式混凝土簡支板橋復合鋪裝結構的探討性研究前，先介紹了接觸分析基本理論，並提出了考慮混凝土橋面板板間接觸、瀝青混凝土加鋪層與橋面接觸等接觸分析在有限元分析中的實現思路。結合一座裝配式簡支板橋現場試驗數據，採用ansys對該橋在加鋪前後進行了實體建模與計算分析，討論了瀝青混凝土加鋪層對下部結構物的影響。 -
In light of current using situation and drawing on the experience of many scholars researched methods and viewpoints, this thesis made com land, fallow land, orchard, grass land as experimental field in black soil region jlau, which carried out experiment by applying different amounts of n and p fertilization in corn field. by means of collecting the samples of rainfall runoff, erosion silt and surface layer soil before and after rainfall for one year nature precipitation in field, we study the effect of surface runoff on n and p nutrient and fertility degeneration. the results showed : ( l ) there are lots of factors which affect soil erosion and losses of n and p, in which rainfall and rainfall intensity were more important, while rainfall intensity is the most important meteorological phenomena factor
針對當前黑土利用現狀，本文借鑒眾多學者的研究方法和觀點，在吉林農大黑土區選擇利用方式不同的玉米地、休閑地、果園、草地，在玉米區進行了不同數量的施肥，通過野外試驗，採集一年自然降雨產流及泥沙樣品，同時採集降雨前後的耕層土壤樣品，研究了黑土區地表徑流對氮磷養分特徵及肥力退化的影響，結果表明：土壤侵蝕和氮磷的流失受諸多因素的影響，降雨量、降雨強度是重要因子，而降雨強度是影響農田地表徑流養分流失的最重要的氣象因子，特別是暴雨，暴雨徑流中氮磷濃度較平時高得多；隨作物生長，覆蓋度逐漸增加以及不同利用方式下表現的覆蓋度差異，氮磷流失都表現為顯著的差異。 -
By the analysis and study, it is showed that : 1 ) the lower weihe river main channel was at a balanceable state between aggradation and degradation and floodplain of the lower weihe river is a tiny aggradation state before the construction of the sanmenxia dam ; 2 ) the severe aggradation of the lower weihe river bed is mainly caused by the increasing riverbed elevation at tongguan after the construction of the sanmenxia dam ; 3 ) the main reason leading to the increasing riverbed elevation at tongguan is the unreasonable operation of the sanmenxia reservoir ; 4 ) the rate of the riverbed aggradation at tongguan reach and the lower weihe river reach are speeded by adverse condition of incoming water and sediment recently
然後以實測資料為基礎分析研究了三門峽建庫前後潼關高程的變化規律以及渭河下遊河道的沖淤演變規律，分析研究表明：建庫前渭河下游主槽處于動態沖淤平衡狀態，灘地處于微淤狀態；建庫后，渭河下遊河道發生嚴重淤積主要是由於潼關高程的抬升造成的；潼關高程的抬升主要是由於三門峽水庫的不合理運用造成的，近期不利的水沙條件加劇了潼關河床的抬升速度和渭河下游的淤積。 -
The scientists used a variety of data from satellites to track the speed of the glaciers before and after the collapse of larsen b. in one study, ted scambos of the national snow and ice data center in boulder, us, analysed five images taken by the landsat 7 satellite between january 2000 and february 2003
在一項研究中，美國國家冰雪數據中心位於博爾德市的特德斯坎博斯對美國地球資源探測衛星7號在2000年1月和2003年2月之間拍攝的五幅圖像進行了分析。 -
You note that the attacks are from someone of high caliber and occur during jane s shift, right after she is done with her tape rotation assignment and usually has an extra hour to study or read before the day operations team comes in
您發現攻擊出自高手，並且出現在jane當班期間，正好在她完成倒帶任務之後，在日班小組到來之前，她有一個小時的時間學習和閱讀。 -
A study of chemical components of lagehead atractylodes naphtha before and after wrapping by - cd
白術揮發油包合前後化學成分的研究 -
Comparative study of urban competence of chongqing before and after chongqing is controlled by central government
重慶直轄前後城市競爭力的比較分析 -
The first part of this thesis talks about the history of the development of policy of vocational and technical education in macao and the situation of vocational and technical education before and after the introduction of the related regulations. the second part is a research on the implementation of policy development of the vocational and technical education. this part is an analysis and a study on the following areas : 1 ) organization : it states the specifically appointed management bodies and persons in charge of the vocational and technical education ; organizational hierarchy of the vocational and technical educational institutes ; and also introduces the general situation of the public and private vocational and technical educational institutes ; 2 ) management : this part talks about the policy of administrative management, regulations, compliments and penalties ; 3 ) and 4 ) students and teachers : these two parts constitute a comparison of the vocational and technical education and the current regular education by means of comparing the data of the teachers, students and the learning situations of the students ; 5 ) curriculum : this part is a research of the situation of the vocational and technical education curriculum after the introduction of having vocational and technical subjects in regular education
第二部分是探討澳門職業技術教育發展政策的實施，並按以下各范疇作出分析與研究（一）組織方面，展述職業技術教育由哪些專門管理機構與專人負責；職業技術教育機構的組織架構，也分別介紹公立及私立職業技術教育機構的具體情況； （二）管理方面，涉及各職業技術教育機構的具體行政管理措施、規章、婆勵、撒穎等； （三）輿（四）肇生輿教鉚方面，就瞞案技衍教育在教頗、警生及其肇曾的情況，通遇敷嫁反映其現今瞰巢技衍教育輿正規教育的比較； （五）裸程方面，探豺自暇巢技附教育法令遁布俊，澳的膝棠技頒教育毅橫髓毅駿等裸程的情況，輿及在一般普通教育殿橫髓殷一些瞞案技衍教育科目的情沉。 -
Six isolated and simplified reinforced concrete ( rc ) beam - column joint specimens were tested in order to study the behavior of the rc frames " beam end zones before and after strengthening
為研究鋼筋混凝土框架節點區梁端加固前後的性能，共進行了6個樑柱中節點模型試件的試驗研究。 -
Study on the phytoplankton in the three gorges reservoir before and after sluice and the protection of water quality
三峽水庫蓄水前後浮游植物調查及水環境初步分析 -
The dissertation focus on the main conflict of flow and sediment change, by analyzing the flow and sediment features, and change in rivercourse of typical period in histry, collecting the data of riverbed change. according to the flow and sediment change condition, combining the existed water works, and based on the results of former researches, the study are conducted on the law of flow state change by comparing rivercourse conditions before and after the completion of sanmenxia project, which may provide some idea for flow state change when xiaolangdi project completed and put into operation and some basic clue for the prediction of variation trend of river section from tiexie to shendi, from shendi to tieqiao near zhengzhou, from tieqiao near zhengzhou to dongbatou, from dongbatou to gaocun and so on in the year 2010 and the period 2010 to 2020. the result may provide some reference for flood control of these wangdering river sections, and some guidelines for planning of water projects and arrangement of project sequence
本課題緊緊抓住小浪底水庫運用后水沙變化這一主要矛盾，通過分析研究以往典型時期的水沙特點和河道演變特點，收集分析河床邊界條件變化資料，小浪底水庫運用后水沙資料變化，結合現有河道整治工程建設情況，總結前人的研究成果，重點研究三門峽水庫運用後下遊河道河勢變化的規律和特點，探索小浪底水庫運用後下遊河勢變化情況，分析預測游蕩性河道鐵謝至神堤、神堤至鄭州鐵橋、鄭州鐵橋至東壩頭、東壩頭至高村等各個河段在2010年， 2010年至2020年期間的河勢變化趨勢，為分析游蕩性河段的防洪形勢，指導河道整治工程建設的規劃和工程安排提供決策參考和依據。 -
In accordance with the a / m conditions and integrated with the general strategic requirements of " going abroad " from moftec and " one main profession, diversified businesses, footing in railway, facing to the whole country and going to the world " from loric, we should fully utilize the transitional period before and after joining in wto to fasten the process of reform, i. e. dravving up a flexible and healthy strategy through deep thinking and careful planning to guide enterprise business activities so as to meet economy globalization. in the thesis, the vvriter firstly makes a microscopic analysis and study for the effects on china railway locomotive & rolling stock industrial enterprise of economy globalization and joining in wto
針對這一情況，並結合我國外經貿「走出去」以及原中國鐵路機車車輛工業總公司的「一業為主，多種經營，立足鐵路，面向全國，走向世界」總體發展戰略的要求，我國機車車輛工業企業應該充分地利用「入世」前後的緩沖期，加快變革的步伐，即通過深謀遠慮的總體規劃，在認真地調查分析和研究的基礎上，制訂出一個能夠健康發展並具有一定柔性的發展戰略來指導企業的各項經營活動，以應對經濟全球化。 -
The main results in this paper are as follows : ( 1 ) study on starting up performance of thermosyphon : according to the study on the states before and after starting up of thermosyphon with the various filling amount, it is considered that the phase change heat transfer inside the copper - water thermosyphon with a large ratio of length and diameter is not only influenced by the boiling degree of superheat, but also controlled by evaporation and companied with the boiling of the thin liquid film
本文的主要研究結果為： （ 1 ）熱虹吸管啟動性能的研究：通過對從不同充液量、啟動前狀態、內部汽化核心狀態對啟動的影響所進行的試驗研究，認為大長徑比的銅?水熱虹吸管管內相變不僅僅為沸騰，而是以蒸發為主，伴有薄液膜的沸騰。
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