biomass method 中文意思是什麼

And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo - targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral - integrated - form - based classification method can remove the phenomenon of " different spectrum with same objects " resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo - target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflection ratio. it is suggested that " red edge " range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel - based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. the remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed

研究結果如下：首先針對荒漠化地區的地物特徵，對高光譜數據不同波段的數據質量、波段組合進行了評價，提出了適用於荒漠化監測的基本波段選擇集；初步了解和掌握了研究地區的地物光譜特性及變異規律，進一步明確了掌握地物光譜特徵和變異規律是用成像光譜儀數據提取地物信息的基礎；發現了基於光譜整體形狀的分類方法在很大程度上能夠消除由於傳感器、地物目標觀測方向之間的角度變化引起的反射率曲線整體平移的「同物異譜」現象，對于譜形相似而整體反射率的值相差較大的兩類地物，通過引入均值和方差圖像參與分類得到解決；研究還表明在植被「紅邊」范圍內的波段是進行荒漠化監測的主要特徵波段，這些波段與植被生物量和蓋度都有密切的關系，是開展精細植被分類研究和植被定量反演的重要基礎；像元的導數光譜分析可以消除土壤背景的影響，是進行植被生物量和蓋度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化監測主要評價因子的定量反演模型，並分析了模型的適用性。

We investigated the distribution of the heterotrophic bacteria with the epifluorescence microscope and measured the bacterial production with the tritiated tymicline incorporation method, and we investigated the correlation between the heterotrophic bacteria and chlorophyll, inorganic nitrogen also. there was distinct spatial distribution of the bacterial biomass in the east china sea and the yellow sea during fall and spring

本文利用表面熒光顯微鏡觀測計數法和[甲基- 3h ]胸腺嘧啶示蹤法對春秋兩季節我國黃、東海異養細菌生態分佈及其生產力狀況，以及異養細菌及其生產力與浮游植物葉綠素、無機氮鹽之間的關系進行了研究。

Briefly, the method includes four steps : culturing a sample to the maximum growth of autochthonous microorganism, filtering to remove the original biomass, inoculating the filtrate with certain kind of nitrogen fixing bacterium and determining the bacterial growth potential

該方法主要包括4個步驟：將樣本在合適的條件下培養，讓土著微生物得到最大限度的生長，然後過濾或離心去除初級生物量，在濾液中接入固氮細菌，並測定固氮細菌的生長潛能。

Based on the results of experiments, the process of biomass accumulation and soil water consumption of alfalfa has been simulated with mathematical statistical method, so as to find the character of its accumulated biomass and the law of soil water utilization

摘要通過種植試驗分析，用數理統計方法模擬了紫花苜蓿生物量累積過程及土壤水分消耗過程，揭示了紫花苜蓿的生物量累積特點及其土壤水分利用規律。

Abstract : the ecological benefits on various bunds planted with vegetation were studied using fuzzy comparison analysis method ， the results showed that the bunds of amorpha fruiticosa ， biomass ， caragana korshinskii are relatively good ， especially the bund of amorpha fruiticosa is the best ， whereas the bund of malus spectabilis is somewhat insuperior to any other bunds

文摘:通過對幾種生物埂生態效益的模糊對比分析結果表明，紫穗槐、黃花菜、檸條埂的生態效益相對較好，尤其是紫穗槐埂為最優，而海棠埂則稍差一些。

Copepod feeding activities and their grazing impacts on the phytoplankton biomass and primary production were studies by the gut fluorescence method in the coastal waters of china ( the bohai sea, yellow sea, east china sea, laizhou bay and weihe estuary ) and the southern ocean ( the prydz bay and its adjacent area )

本文利用腸道色素法，對我國近海（渤海、黃海、東海、萊州灣、濰河口）和南大洋（普里茲灣及鄰近海域）浮遊橈足類在自然海區的攝食狀況及其對浮游植物及初級生產力的攝食壓力進行了研究。

Standard test method for total active biomass in cooling tower waters kool kount assay ; kka

冷卻塔水中總活性生物體的標準試驗方法

The essay author also design a sm - i new biomass - coal two fuel gasify kiln and through the sawdust orthogonal test the parameters, get the optimal results, and through the test, we advance the improved method, provide a advantage, perfect choice for the country apply the new saving energy experiment

本論文同時自主設計研製了一臺sm -新型生物質?煤雙燃料氣化爐，並主要利用鋸末生物質對其各項設計參數做了正交實驗，求得最佳結果，在實驗的基礎上提出了相應的改進意見，為廣大農村推廣應用新型節能設備的試驗提供了一種先進、理想的選擇。

The work on seasonal dynamics of litter input and decomposition and the relationship between them and environmental factors was studied through the method of harvest and weight loss. soil respiration rate was measured by alkali - absorption method and the contribution from soil microorganism respiration and from root respiration was determined through trendline method of linear regression between soil respiration rate and belowground biomass. mathematical models were established between the seasonal dynamics of main components of soil total respiration including soil respiration, root respiration, soil microorganism respiration, litter respiration and environmental factors

應用收獲法和重量損失法對枯枝落葉輸入與分解的季節動態及其與環境因子的關系進行了研究；應用靜態氣室法測定了土壤總呼吸和凋落物呼吸，應用土壤呼吸量與地下生物量線性回歸趨勢線法測定了土壤微生物呼吸及根呼吸的貢獻量，運用相關分析法建立了土壤總呼吸、根呼吸、土壤微生物呼吸及其凋落物呼吸季節動態與環境因子之間的數學模型；應用灰色分析比較了兩群落土壤呼吸季節動態產生差異的原因；應用干重換演算法對土壤微生物能量積累量的季節動態進行了測定，建立了土壤微生物能量積累量與環境因子的數學模型；應用系統分析方法，利用分室模型，對兩群落枯枝落葉與微生物之間的能量流動進行了定量測定和穩定性分析。

A new less capital - intensive method utilizes commercially available aqueous ammonia and charcoal produced from co - firing biomass gases for nox reduction applications

一種新的少一些資本密集型的方式是利用商業可得的含水氨和木炭，它們是用替代燃料生物氣體來減少氮化物。

The study results showed that it was suitable for assessing the impact of highway route selection on the ecological environment using quantitative analysis indexes of vegetation coverage, biomass, flood detention ability, soil character change, cropland occupation and water and soil erosion, and it was suitable for route selection using the comprehensive ecological impact assessment method

結果表明，用植被覆蓋率、生物量、滯洪能力、土壤變化、農田佔用、水土流失量等6項指標來定量分析生態影響程度效果較好，採用綜合生態影響評價指數法確定線路的舍取是可行的。

Using the cluster analysis method and studying 16 sampling plots of shrub grassland where bothriochloa ischaemum is the dominant species, and the plots ' grass frequency, grass coverage, density, height, and biomass, we graded the plots into five grazing stages : light, proper, moderate, serious, and extreme

摘要在對放牧利用下的白羊草灌叢草地頻度、蓋度、密度、高度、生物量等數量特徵調查基礎上，運用系統聚類分析方法，可戒分為輕放、適牧、中牧、重牧和極牧五個階段。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

A quantitative pretreatment scheme suitable to gc - ms analysis of bio - oil was proposed for the first time in china, and an extensive determination of the chemical composition of bio - oil fractions was performed by means of gc - ms coupling. these studies were crucial for the upgrading and utilization of bio - oil. using some novel designing method, which are suitable to biomass and pyrolysis characteristics, were applied in designing the fluid bed biomass flash pyrolysis system

並且率先在國內提出了適合於gc - ms分析的生物油的量化預處理方案（液?液萃取分離法） ，得出了各個組分（酸組分、堿組分、極性中性組分以及碳氫組分）在生物油中所佔的份額，並對預處理所得的各個組分分別進行了gc - ms分析，鑒定出了上百種化學成分。

So in china research with investigate to adapt to the state of the nation, using above and all kinds of abandon biomass with the large quantity ' s resources of low quality and low price food economily, fleetnessly and high - efficiently to convert for that can act for on a certain degree the petroleum conversion of bio - fuel - oil theories with method, have important of economic meaning is with the social meaning, this text author is on check the foundation of the related data of domestic and international large quantity, proceeds living creature quality pyrolysis experiment that solve, established the pyrolysis solution to respond the dyn amics model, combine right turn the main design theories that equip of solution of pyrolysis of quality of rotating cone type living creature that parameter to proceeds the research, provided the theories the basis with experiment the data in the follow - up research

因此，在我國，研究和探索適應國情，將上述各種廢棄生物質和大量的低質低價糧食資源，經濟、快速、高效能地轉化成可在一定程度上替代石油的生物燃油的轉化理論和方法，具有重大的經濟意義和社會意義。本文作者在查閱國內外大量相關資料的基礎上，進行了生物質熱解的實驗，建立了熱解反應動力學模型，並對轉錐式生物質熱解裝置的主要參數的設計理論進行了研究，為后續研究提供了理論依據和實驗數據。

In order to investigate the tolerance of ectomycorrhizal fungi to heavy metals in vitro, three culture methods, namely liquid culture without agitation, liquid culture with agitation and solid agar culture, were investigated to determine which method would give the best combination of fungal biomass and ec50. the results indicated that liquid medium without agitation was the best culture method

為研究外生菌根真菌本身對重金屬污染的耐性，比較了液體靜置、液體搖床和瓊脂固體培養這三種常用的菌絲體的純培養方法，以真菌生物量大小和分離難易程度為主要指標，篩選出液體靜置方法為最優方法。

The community productivity, structure and succession are significantly influenced by global climate changes. this study focused on soil respiration rate of stipa baicalensis grassland by using dynamic infrared gas absorbed method. we analyzed diurnal pattern of soil respiration rate and the influences of surface soil temperature and water content for this parameter, then compared the differences between day and night soil respiration rates, and explored the correlations between aboveground and underground biomass with the soil respiration

溫帶的半乾旱、半濕潤區草甸草原屬于過渡氣候影響下形成的植被類型，對環境氣候條件變化十分敏感，為了揭示半乾旱、半濕潤區草甸草原生態系統土壤碳素釋放規律及其對主要環境因子的響應，本研究採用動態室紅外氣體吸收法測定松嫩草甸草原典型群落? ?貝加爾針茅群落土壤呼吸速率，分析了土壤呼吸速率日變化規律及表層土壤溫度和含水量對土壤呼吸速率日變化的影響，比較了土壤呼吸速率的晝夜差異，探討了地上生物量和地下生物量與土壤呼吸速率之間的相關關系。

The estimate of fine root biomass in upper soil layer of larix olgensis plantation by geostatistics method

採用地統計學方法對落葉松人工純林表層細根生物量的估計

In one side, the study may make the simulating model of climatology and land - biosphere more perfect, in the other side, the study will help to discover the real action of vegetation in the global carbon circle, which gives the more scientific method to estimate accurately biomass and net primary production ( npp ) of ecosystem and how much carbon in atmosphere absorbed by vegetation, to predict the possible impact of global climate change on terrestrial ecosystems, and to make scientific strategies for the global change

一方面可以為進一步建立更完善的模擬氣候與陸地生物圈之間關系的數值模式奠定基礎，另一方面可為探索植被在全球碳循環中的具體作用，正確地評估和預測全球氣候變化對生態環境的可能影響，制定相應的政策提供科學依據。本文以寒溫帶落葉針葉林區為重點來進行試驗模擬，研究植被對氣候強迫響應的有效途徑。

For the research of g lucidum, a series of experimnents were carried out to find out the optimum medium compositions and the optimum culitivation conditions. by using liquid fermentation method, batch and fed - batch were carried out. finally, 9. 29g / l of biomass of g lucidum was obtained and 2. 208g / l of its polysaccharide was attain after 60 hour - fermentation

在靈芝的研究中，我們進行了靈芝的培養基和培養條件的優化試驗，並在此基礎上進行了深層液態分批發酵、補料分批發酵，使靈芝的生物量達到了9 . 29g l ，靈芝多糖的產量在60h時達到了2 . 208g l ，合成速率為0 . 036g