buyer power 中文意思是什麼
buyer power
解釋
購買方力量-
It was restaurant industry graven topic that that of that of from input / output angle said, how advance restaurant kernel ability to compete, with the purpose of advance business economic benefit, as soon as possible brought return, accelerating demonetization end, abaft experience know clearly near twenty year stodgy state look forward to reform mechanism, our state hotel industry be around by babyhood trend maturity, by seller ' s market trend buyer ' s market, such transit should make part rational consumer enjoy to good value for money, too brought ought to part superficial restaurant taste to inevitable ; the government owned restaurant at multinational restaurant bloc and civilian battalion restaurant enterprise " dual impact down, calendar by know clearly reform of monetary system cum bank commercialization, market open cum solution control, market cum competitive mechanism three phase, owing to planned economy belated issues, structure irrationality wrought a matter of and overlapping investment wrought a matter of wait threefold cause, make government owned restaurant at market competition middle gradualness forfeiture competitive edge, in progression appearance hot water, how advance government owned hotel competitive power a matter of, toward me state tourism possess strong operation significance, hunan lotus hotel namely same family pole tool on government owned three stars level hotel behalf of the for the last years, by way of hotel industry occupy quite specific gravity
從投入產出的角度講，如何提高飯店核心競爭能力，以達到提高企業經濟效益，盡快產生回報，加速貨幣回籠的目的，是飯店業嚴肅的話題。在經歷了近二十年步履艱難的國企改革歷程后，我國飯店業已開始由幼稚走向成熟，由賣方市場走向買方市場，這種轉變將使得部分理性的消費者享受到物有所值，也使部分膚淺的飯店品嘗到必然的失敗；近十年來，作為飯店業占相當比重的國有飯店在跨國飯店集團和民營飯店企業的雙重沖擊下，歷經了金融體制改革及銀行商業化、市場開放及解控、市場及競爭機制三個階段，由於計劃經濟遺留下來的問題、結構不合理造成的問題和重復投資造成的問題等三方面的原因，使得國有飯店在市場競爭中逐漸喪失競爭優勢，相繼出現困境，如何提高國有飯店競爭力的問題，對於我國旅遊業具有強烈的現實意義，湖南芙蓉賓館就是一家極具代表性的國有三星級飯店。 -
From the successful application of cdv theory in the eagle company, we can draw conduction that under the buyer ' s market environment, cdv would be the unique competitive power
顧客讓渡價值理論在益高公司營銷策略中較為成功的應用說明，買方市場環境下，最大顧客讓渡價值將是企業的核心競爭力。 -
With the further deepening of the reform of electric power administration system and the fast development of power business, electric power corporations have entered the market, electric power products has turned into buyer ' s market from seller ' s market, and the relation between supply and demand has changed thoroughly
=隨著電力體制改革的不斷深入及電力事業的快速發展，電力企業已經走向市場，電力產品由賣方市場走向買方市場，供求關系發生了根本性的變化。 -
And one of characteristics of the primary power market is that there are a lot of sellers but only one buyer in the market and the consumer cannot choose the power supplier directly, so the competition is very limited
初級電力市場的特徵是：多個賣主，一個買主；電力用戶不能直接選擇供電商，因此競爭很有限。 -
In the anticipation power this right family, attaches delays the legal status, in reservation of title business which the condition the legal act produces buyer the status, the effectiveness for a period of time to obtain the holder to expire the before legal status after the effectiveness for a period of time, loses the thing to ascend human ' s legal status, the position successor ' s status constitution anticipation power
在期待權這個權利家族中，附延緩條件的法律行為所產生的法律地位、所有權保留買賣中買受人的地位、時效取得佔有人在時效屆滿前的法律地位、遺失物拾得人的法律地位、后位繼承人的地位構成期待權。 -
Xishan city, predecessor of xishan district, praised as " china first county ", but since 1996, economy obviously presents the trend of going downhill. trace it to its cause, market, system, developing economic modeled, a series of factors, but most direct reason with to transform into day by day buyer " s market, market sure to restrain factor from strengthen to economy, and xishan because of whole small of industry, most technology of product relatively backward traditional industry, market competitive power weaken but step into predicament, cause taking township industry as subject xishan economy and perimeter regional disparity widen year by year
錫山區的前身錫山市曾被譽為「華夏第一縣」 ，但從1996年開始，經濟明顯呈現走下坡路的趨勢，究其原因，有市場、體制、發展經濟模式等一系列因素，但最直接的原因是隨著買方市場的日漸形成，市場對經濟不確定製約因素增強，而錫山傳統工業因整體規模小、大部分產品的技術比較落後，市場競爭能力弱化而步入困境，致使以鄉鎮工業為主體的錫山經濟與周邊地區差距逐年拉大。 -
The simulation findings uncover that : either a higher inefficiency level of e - marketplace, or a higher opportunity cost that a seller in the traditional marketplace takes, or a low upper limit of active sellers in e - marketplace, or a higher probability of taking stochastic actions, or less information to form expectation, can be propitious for spurring the shift from the traditional marketplace to the e - marketplace. as for the popular “ thorough shift ” presumption, this paper puts forward that, an aggressive shift from traditional marketplace to e - marketplace is probably built on an effort by the buyer to constrain his own bargaining power or to share benefits with the supplier. by developing economic models and leveraging the general game theory, this paper also finds out that cost is the critical factor that governs the evolution of monopolistic market, monopolistic competitive market and oligarchic market
保持其它因素不變，以上因素對市場演化的影響作用分別為:市場演化對電子市場競爭無效率度高度敏感，當電子市場競爭無效率度小幅度下降時，市場顯著地偏向傳統市場，當電子市場競爭無效率度小幅度上升時，市場顯著地偏向電子市場;傳統交易中賣方所承擔的隱性成本是市場演化的另一個決定性因素，當傳統交易中的賣方所承擔的隱性成本取值較大時，電子市場將佔主導地位，當傳統交易中的賣方所承擔的隱性成本取值較小時，傳統市場將佔主導地位， ;當為電子市場中實際參與每筆交易的賣方設置一個低的上限時，傳統市場將迅速演化為電子市場;市場參與者的非理性行動概率越大，市場越容易向電子市場 -
In contrast, few literatures focuses the type of vertical restraints imposed on manufacturers by retailers. however, in the past decade, due to the technology innovation, retailers in many industries have become bigger in size to utilize economies of scale and scope, with the industrial concentration enhanced, retailers, especially the chained store retailers, seem to acquire the buyer power when bargaining with manufacturers and the retailers with bargaining power tend to impose vertical restraints on upstream manufacturers. examples of these restraints include slotting fee, listing fee, upfront payment among which the slotting allowance has become the fuse to induce the conflicts between the upstream and downstream
伴隨著社會經濟進入后工業時代和零售業的日益集中趨勢的發展，以連鎖方式經營的少數零售商具有的買方勢力越來越強，這些具有買方勢力的零售商開始反過來限制零售商，在這些零售商施加的縱向限制中，零售商向製造商和供貨商收取諸如進場費、上架費、銷售返利等通道費用成為了引發製造商和零售商爭端的最主要的限制方式。 -
The thesis summarizes the characters of three generation - side electricity markets that have been put into function in our country : single - buyer model, part power go to network through competitions, double rail competitive price system, attempters and trade synthesize together and so on
論文總結了國內已投入試運行的3個發電側電力市場的運行特點：單一購買模式、部分電量競價上網、雙軌制競價體系、調度與市場交易一體化等。 -
Or should it hae a receiing order made against or make or enter into any arrangement or composition with its creditors or suspend payment ( or being a company should enter into liquidation either compulsory or oluntarily ) the buyer shall hae power to declare the contract as at an end at the risk and cost of the seller to the extent as proided for in clause 14 hereinafter i
或者，若其持有針對債權人的接管令，或對債權人/延遲付款（或作為一家被強制或自願進入清盤階段的公司）做出或達成任何債務安排或和解協議，買方有權按以下第14款的規定宣布本合同已經終止，其所造成的風險和成本由賣方承擔。 -
Or should it have a receiving order made against or make or enter into any arrangement or composition with its creditors or suspend payment ( or being a company should enter into liquidation either compulsory or voluntarily ) the buyer shall have power to declare the contract as at an end at the risk and cost of the seller to the extent as provided for in clause 14 hereinafter i
或者，若其持有針對債權人的接管令，或對債權人/延遲付款（或作為一家被強制或自願進入清盤階段的公司）做出或達成任何債務安排或和解協議，買方有權按以下第14款的規定宣布本合同已經終止，其所造成的風險和成本由賣方承擔。 -
The viewpoints on the effect of retailers ’ buyer power are controversial. some believe that the retailers ’ buyer power can be a countervailing power over the suppliers to lower the wholesale prices and pass the savings to consumers only if there exist fringe competitions among the downstream. whereas others argue that the retailer market power may also have the anti - competition effect
理論界對零售商買方勢力的興起對市場競爭和社會福利的影響的觀點也存在爭議，部分學者通過引證「加爾布雷斯假說」 ，認為在零售行業只要存在邊緣競爭，則買方勢力就可以成為中和賣方壟斷勢力的抗衡勢力，從而增進社會福利。 -
This dissertation tend to make a research on the role of retailers buyer power on the downstream competition and the task is accomplished by two steps. firstly, this paper tends to explain the reason why retailer buyer power arise and then try to analyze the role of slotting allowance, the main form of vertical restraints imposed by retailers on manufacturers
但也有學者通過對擁有買方市場力量的零售商對製造商施加的具體的縱向限制的研究，認為買方勢力可能具有反市場競爭的效應。而本文試圖通過對零售行業買方勢力形成的原因的考察以及通道費對市場競爭的影響，揭示買方勢力對市場競爭的影響。 -
Buyer shall provide additional test equipment and resources ( including but not limited to floor space, power outlets, interconnecting cables, racks, satellite facilities and the like ), if needed, in accordance with the site preparation guidelines
必要時，買方應按照場地準備指南提供其他測試設備及物資（包括但不限於佔地面積、電源插座、中繼電纜、衛星設施等） 。 -
This thesis is about the study on analysis and forecast of energy demand and the competition in weixian county in the late of 1990 ' s the sale of electric power change from the seller ' s market to buyer ' s market, which result in a nationwide difficulty of electric power selling
本文是關于魏縣地區能源需求預測分析競爭策略的研究。九十年代後期，電力銷售由賣方市場轉向買方市場，出現全國性的賣電難局面，電力企業銷售競爭力下降。企業效益下滑。 -
As the entrance of world trade organization ( wto ) and the electric power structural reform, the supply and demand statue of hunan electric market is converting from seller ' s market to buyer ' s market. the problems of hunan electric power company ( herein after referred to as hepc ) facing how to exploit and maintaining the market to make hepc surviving and developing in furious market competition, and play more contribution in the economic construction of hunan province
隨著wto的加入和電力體制改革的進一步深化，當前湖南省電力市場在供求方面的狀況是在許多地區已由賣方市場轉為買方市場，湖南省電力公司（簡稱湖南電力）現在所面臨的問題是如何開發和占領市場以使湖南電力在激烈的市場競爭環境下獲得生存和發展，並在我省的經濟建設中發揮更大的作用。 -
Seller ' s market is transiting to buyer ' s market. by sep. 1998, buyer ' s market has completely formed ; the average load rate of the power system is declining, and difference between apex and vale is becoming larger and larger ; power consumption increase rate in industry is dropping, and it is far lower than that of society power consumption
分析表明：從1997年開始，重慶電力資源短缺狀況得到緩解，供需基本平衡，具備逐漸由賣方市場過渡到買方市場的徵候，到98年的9月已完全形成買方市場；重慶電網年平均負荷率逐年下降，峰谷差逐年加大；工業用電量持續下降，且其增長速度遠低於全社會用電量的增長速度，佔全社會用電量的比例逐年下降。
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