case by case approach 中文意思是什麼
case by case approach
解釋
逐案審查法-
In the third section, the asymptotic equipartition property ( aep ) of second order markov chain field on a class of tree is studied by using the analytic approach. a net is constructed on a product space, then some strong laws of large numbers of second order markov chain field are proved by using the differentiation of measure on a net. furthermore, shannon - mcmillan theorem is extended to the case of second order markov chain field
本文的第三章是用分析的方法研究一類樹上的二重馬氏鏈場的漸進均分割性，為此先構造了一個乘積空間上的網，然後利用網微分法證明了一些二重馬氏鏈場上的大數定律，並將shannon - mcmillan定理推廣到二重馬氏鏈場上。 -
Case methodology in teaching, which is also called approach of prejudication, was initiated by prof. landell, dean of law school, harvard university. it was first adopted in 1870 and then the widespread in u. s. greatly contributed to the education of law world - widely
案例教學法（又稱「判例教學法」 ）是由美國哈佛大學法學院院長蘭德爾在1870年開始實施，並被廣泛採用的一種法學教學方法。 -
This approach is performed by releasing some loads required to maintain the rest system in safe operation in overload cases and opening all of the switches in the blackout areas in case of fault, and then closing proper switches to restore the unfaulted - blackout areas
本演算法在系統發生過負荷情況下，能適當地選擇甩負荷以確保系統的穩定運行；在故障情況下，先打開停電區域的所有開關，然後關閉合適的開關宋恢復非故障停電區。 -
To add " there are many loopholes in the operation and sales practices of telecommunications service providers, " after " that, as " ; to add " and such complaints from the public are often not followed up effectively by government departments, " after " in recent years, " ; to add " stipulate corresponding penalties " after " to cover pay television, " ; and to add " ; furthermore, as the hong kong housing authority has signed agreements with pay television operators, these operators can enter the buildings to set up and maintain communal aerial systems and can deploy front - line promoters to approach the residents to sell other various commercial services, using the provision of exclusive maintenance and supply services as a selling point and adopting unscrupulous means to entice or mislead the residents into signing an agreement with them, causing great disturbance to the residents ; in this connection, the government must adopt measures to combat such sales malpractices, take the initiative to inform public rental housing tenants of the rights and responsibilities of the operators and, when the operators resort to malpractices or malpractices are reported by residents, take immediate action to investigate the matter and issue warning to and penalize the operators concerned ; the government must also review the problem of inequity in accessing system information by consumers and the telecommunications service providers, whereby consumers have no means or right to obtain true and accurate information about the systems that they are using and can only pay the fees according to the volume, system and time slots of their calls shown on the records provided unilaterally by the service providers, and in case of queries about such information, the decision of the service providers prevails and there is no channel for the consumers to dispute or verify ; to this end, the government should expeditiously study how to ensure that consumers have the rights to know, choose, verify, appeal and claim for compensation in the provision of telecommunications services including pay television, local and cross - boundary telecommunications and internet services " after " in the contracts "
在"鑒于"之後加上"各電訊服務提供者的營運和銷售存在不少漏洞， "在"不斷增加， "之後加上"而市民的投訴又往往得不到政府部門的有效跟進處理， "在"收費電視， "之後加上"訂定相應的罰則， "及在"標準合約條款"之後加上"此外，由於香港房屋委員會與收費電視營辦商簽訂協議，該等營辦商可進入大廈鋪設及維修公共天線系統，並調派前線銷售人員，以獨家提供維修及供應服務作為招徠，向住戶推銷其他各種商業服務，以不當手法誘使或誤導住戶與他們簽約，對居民造成很大困擾就此，政府必須採取措施打擊上述違規營銷的手法，並主動告知公屋住戶該等營辦商的權責范圍，遇有營辦商作出違規的行為或居民舉報營辦商的違規行為時，須立即追查，並向有關營辦商發出警告及作出處分政府亦須檢討現時消費者與電訊服務供應商所獲系統資訊並不對等的問題，即消費者無從及無權得知他們所選用系統的真實資料，令他們只能按服務供應商單方面提供有關通話量通話系統及通話時段的記錄繳交費用，遇有消費者質疑上述資料時，往往只由服務供應商作最終決定，消費者無從申辯或查證就此，本會促請政府盡快研究如何就各類電訊服務包括收費電視本地及跨境電訊網際網路等的提供，確保消費者享有知情權選擇權覆核權投訴權及索償權" 。 -
I approach this case study by critically incorporating the spatial and institutional frameworks of the influential anthropologist g. william skinner and the 1993 nobel laureate in economics douglass north respectively. since early 1990s i have been working on comparative legal cultures
有關中國經濟史的研究，幾年前完成一部有關宋元閩南經濟發展的書，希望通過這個個案研究，探討一些具有普偏性的經濟發展理論問題。 -
Through a typology of tools in project acceleration, the thesis introduces two different approaches to deal with the lack of instruments in this special case which are, to wit : an optimization approach with respect to the identity adherence of the resources, the multi - objective linear programming in whole numbers ( molip ) ; a heuristic approach with respect to the identity adherence of the resources, and the exploration modified approach by cut ( emac )
本文通過對加速工程施工方面的實用工具的探索，介紹了處理這類特殊情況時使用的兩種方法。它們是：關于資源一致性的最優化方法，多目標線性規劃（ molip ）關于資源一致性的啟發方法，截斷修正法（ emac ）這兩種方法考慮了不同類型資源的稀缺性，並且不會影響工程的完工。 -
This study run through the basic idea of ecoregional approach methodology and systematic design by integrating agronomy, ecology, environmental economics, resource economics and maths. the study methods included macro - and micro - analysis, qualitative and quantitative analysis, theoretical and case study, statistical analysis and model simulation and so on. resources shortage and environmental pollution casued by intensive agriculture were examined for a specific suburban area shunyi district beijingissues were systematically analyzed including landuse changes, landuse driving force, water - limited yield simulation with wofost model, ecological, environmental and economical analysis of landuse, as well as optimizing pattern of landuse with rcsadss model
本研究立足於生態區域法的基本思路，採用系統設計的思想，通過農學、生態學、環境經濟學、資源經濟學、數學等多學科的交叉與融合，宏觀與微觀、定性與定量、理論與實證研究等相結合的方法，運用統計分析、模型模擬等技術手段，在大量調研基礎上，針對目前大城市郊區農業用地中存在資源短缺、環境污染等問題，以北京市順義區為典例，從土地利用現狀與動態、驅動力、 wofost模型產量模擬、生態環境經濟分析及種植業結構優化模式等方面進行了系統研究，獲得如下研究結果： （ 1 ） 2002年順義區的土地利用仍以農業用地為主，耕地、園地、林地和牧草地之和占總土地面積的56 ，農用地中糧食作物仍佔43 。 -
To support end - user - programming and reuse composition knowledge, this paper discusses the key problems of how to extract, manage and reuse the composition knowledge in the service - oriented applications, and presents a service composition template based approach to larger - granularity business - level composition knowledge management and initiative recommendation - trybest, the main research work and contribution of this dissertation is described as follows : ( 1 ) proposed a novel approach to service composition knowledge management and recommendation - trybest we introduce the thinking of software reuse into composition knowledge extraction and use ; propose an approach to service composition knowledge extraction by using make use of the technology of case based rule and vinca process
在業務端編程思想和面向最終用戶編程的vinca語言已有工作的基礎上，從支持最終用戶編程、對組合知識復用的角度出發，提出了面向業務用戶的基於服務組合模板的大粒度業務級組合知識的管理與主動推薦方法? ? trybest ，通過對服務組合中組合知識的抽取、管理和復用，為最終業務用戶主動參與面向服務的應用構造提供支持。主要工作和貢獻如下:提出了一種支持復用的服務組合知識管理和主動推薦方法? ? trybest 。 -
Case study shows that by this approach the imaging profiles with higher quality can be obtained, hence new recognitions of faults are gained, new traps are discovered and good nil shows in slope belt of northern biyang sag have been encountered by drilling
經實際應用，獲得了較高質量的成像剖面，通過綜合解釋，對泌陽凹陷北部斜坡帶斷裂特徵取得了新認識，發現了一批新圈閉，經鉆探見到了良好的油氣顯示。 -
A good many case of approaching excavation are studied in this article, such as the study of infection of be coal mining to the huayingshan tunnel, technology study of strucked tunnels of metro in shenzhen, countermeasure study of tunnel approaching pile foundation of metro in guangzhou, excavation methods optimized of large cross section subaqueous tunnel approaching pile foundation of lrt in chongqing, etc. on the basic of analysing and concluding relative study production all over the the world by the numbers, classification of approaching excavation, partition of approach zone, formula of partition of approaching zone, approach degree and countermeasure grade of generalized approaching excavation of underground works are put forward. general methods studying and trea
本文結合作者多年來對華鎣山隧道減少壓煤量研究、深圳地鐵重疊隧道第11頁西南交通大學博士研究主學位論文技術研究、廣州地鐵公紀區間廣紡聯段鄰樁施工對策研究和重慶輕軌大坪大斷面車站鄰近基礎淺埋暗挖工法優化分析等諸多近接施工問題案例的研究，在系統分析和歸納總結國內外相關研究成果的基礎上，系統地提出了廣義的地下工程近接施工的分類、分區、分區指標表達式、近接度與對策等級概念以及分區、分度準則，給出了研究和解決近接施工問題的普遍方法，如數值分析先行，模型試驗、現場測試驗證等。 -
On the basic of a great of literature reading and research on safety of side impact of the car, according to requirement of ece r95, applied madymo6. 2. 1 software, established simulation model of side impact of the car, researched the relationship between side rigidity of the car and passenger injury in side impact, which showed that during first impact the bigger side rigidity was, the more advantaged protection for the car and passenger in a definite range, and which drew a conclusion that the most serious part of passenger injury was pelvis during first impact. then detailed the substructure model by defining bodies, joints, contact types and contact characteristic, researched some improvement approach for side safety of the car, and then analyses a particular case, that was to say to fix vehicle door bar fender on between inner and outer plate of the vehicle door, analyzed the influence of passenger injury when the bar fender was fixed on different position, the result showed that the passenger injury was less when the bar fender was fixed on the height of vehicle door decorate bar. finally, a set of tests were performed, contrasting the simulation result with the test, analyzed the influence of the side rigidity of the car to passenger injury, which showed the test
本文在對汽車的側面碰撞安全性進行大量文獻閱讀和研究的基礎上，按照歐洲ecer95側面碰撞乘員保護法規的要求，應用多剛體動力學軟體madymo6 . 2 . 1 ，建立了汽車的側面碰撞模擬模型，研究了汽車的側面剛性對乘員損傷的影響，結果表明在「一次碰撞」中，在一定范圍內汽車側面剛性越大，越有利於汽車和乘員的保護，同時得出結論，即在「一次碰撞」過程中人體損傷最嚴重的部位是骨盆;然後通過定義各剛體、鉸鏈、接觸類型以及接觸特性，對該模型進行子結構細化工作，研究了加強汽車側面安全性的若干改進措施，並進行了一個特例分析，即在此模型的車門內外板之間安裝了車門防撞桿，分析了當車門防撞桿安裝在不同位置時對乘員損傷的影響，結果表明防撞桿位於車門裝飾條的高度時，對乘員的損傷較小;最後進行了一組側面碰撞試驗，通過試驗和模擬結果的對比，分析汽車的側面剛性對乘員損傷的影響，表明試驗和模擬結果是一致的，從而證明了模擬模型的有效性以及模擬結果的正確性。 -
I, through comparing the research approach to analyze with the case, from culture, legal culture, legal changes and lead legal culture into meaning in which the economic law study set out of culture, on the basis that the theory is analyzed, particular background and reality formed and developed on the basis of the economic law, study and regard power culture and right culture as the economic law culture of two major key elements among them from the standing of angle of legal culture. from the meaning of the culture of economic law at the same time, necessity and feasibility of studying in culture of economic law, economic law characteristic modernity and national characteristic of culture, economic law culture with modern to rule by law civilized angle set about, carry on economic law analysis of culture ; secondly, certain difference exists in formulation and development of chinese and western economic law culture, the development of the culture of western economic law is shown as the cultural transition to power culture of the right rotates. with germany and historical retrospect and review, carry on real example investigate and combine western law sociology ideological trend research and western economic law culture of development, economic law of u. s. a., i inner link, the essence around the culture of eastern economic law is the power culture at the same time, its form of expression is confucian culture, the course of development is shown as the transformation to right culture of power culture, and golden mean culture is the inside information of china ' s economic law culture
筆者從文化、法律文化、法律文化的沖突與變遷以及經濟法制度的法律文化土壤的思路進行研究，在理論分析的基礎上，基於經濟法形成與發展的特定背景與現實，闡釋經濟法以社會本位為價值取向、以權利與權力均衡為主旨、以平衡協調為內核、以人為終極關懷的內涵;經濟法文化的路徑考察由經濟法文化演進與國家角色的變遷、經濟法嬗變中的平衡協調精神、經濟法文化孕育中的社會本位思潮、經濟法文化熏陶下的經濟法制度催生四個層面展開;經濟法文化的特性表現為現代性和民族性，經濟法文化與現代法治文明的關聯涵蓋兩個方面，挖掘發揚傳統法文化中的合理因素、警惕傳統法文化中不合理因素的侵蝕;由於中西經濟法文化的產生與發展存在一定的差異，西方經濟法文化的發展表現為權利文化向權力文化的過渡轉型，筆者以德國和美國經濟法發展的歷史性回顧與反思進行實證考察並結合西方的法社會學思潮研究與西方經濟法文化的內在聯系，同時圍繞東方經濟法文化進行探析，其表現形式是儒家文化，發展的過程表現為權力文化向權利文化的轉移，其中中庸文化是中國經濟法文化的底蘊。 -
It tries to find out effective cross - cultural managerial skills through analyzing a variety of culture conflicts in a international hotel. the approach to this research is case study. detailed analysis of the culture conflicts in the case is carried out by applying contemporary cross - culture management theories and the conclusions of differences between chinese culture and western culture. in conclusion, this study gets to the following points : 1. western managers should learn to know some common phenomena when they think of cross - culture communication. 2. this research puts forward 3 kinds of feedback and ways to realize them to deal with the information distortion in the process of communication. 3. avoidance of perceptible mistakes. 4. considering the cultural influence on decisions and accommodating different leading and motivating measures to different persons. 5. choosing appropriate managing staff and launching effective cross - culture training to serve the purpose of cro ss - culture management. 6. localization.
本文選擇案例研究的方式，通過引入一個具體案例，運用中西方文化差異的廣泛共識性結論和當代跨文化管理理論，對案例中的文化沖突現象進行分析、探討，總結出跨國酒店在跨文化溝通中應認識中國文化背景下的一般性現象；通過運用溝通模型，進一步提出了減少溝通失真的三種反饋形式及實現方式；同時避免溝通中的知覺錯誤；在管理中注重文化對決策的影響，採取因人而異的領導方式和激勵方式。管理集團應注重選派合適的管理人員並開展有效的跨文化培訓，通過成功實現本地化來獲得跨文化管理的成功。 -
Energy estimating approach of fatigue crack initiation life for welded steel structures is obtained by using molski - glinka energy density equation, introducing the worst - case fatigue notch factor, and considering the effects of residual stress on fatigue
本文採用應力應變能密度的molski - glinka方程，建立了一種預測焊接鋼結構疲勞裂紋形成壽命的能量方法。該方法引入了極值疲勞切口系數，並考慮了焊接殘余應力對裂紋形成壽命的影響。 -
To describe aspects and pointcuts and other notions in aspectj system, this approach extend the " class ", " association " and other uml meta - model elements, and it is also tested here by using rational rose case tool package. using rose script i compiled to generate an aspectj skeleton for the aspect - diagram for the model designed using the proposed extension
最後利用支持uml的case工具-一rationalrose提供的擴展介面（ rei ）對該方法進行了驗證，通過定製版類（ stereotypes ） 、標簽值（ taggedvalues ）和約束（ eonstraints ）實現tao模型的可視化和可辨別性，並通過編寫的script腳本實現了對a0模型的自動代碼生成功能。 -
In this paper, a processing approach to the complex long sentence based on multi - strategy is proposed, in which the rule - based analysis and case - based consistent matching are combined by using various linguistic features, including sentence length, punctuation, functional words and contextual condition and so on, which is used to segment the complex sentence into several simple sentences and to compose the translation text of these simple sentences together
本文提出一種多語種通用的基於多策略分析的復雜長句翻譯處理演算法，該演算法通過基於實例模式匹配和規則分析相結合的方法，綜合利用源語言句子中多種相關的語言特徵，包括語法語義特徵、句子長度、標點符號、功能詞以及上下文語境條件等對復雜長句進行切分簡化處理和譯文的復合生成。 -
This study puts the industrial structure theory and firm ability theory in the background of modern competition and, by logic reasoning and case study, converts the industrial selection approach of porter to the industrial innovation approach. the framework to create and sustain the competition advantages is to follow the external path of industrial innovation - opportunity finding - strategic alliance and the internal path of industrial innovation - asset reinforcing - strategic alliance, through the interaction of opportunity finding and assets reinforcing, basing upon the internal resources and ability and taking the advantage of those of other firms according to the rapidly changes of circumstances
本研究進一步在現代競爭環境下認識產業結構理論和企業能力理論，通過邏輯推理和案例分析的研究方法過渡波特的「產業選擇觀」至「產業創新觀」 ，以「產業創新?機會開發?戰略聯盟」為外部路徑， 「產業創新?資產互補?戰略聯盟」為內部路徑，創新性地探討戰略聯盟在變化的外部環境條件下，立足自身擁有的資源與能力，調配其他企業的資源和能力，在機會開發與資產互補的交互作用過程中創造和保持競爭優勢的途徑和機理，構建戰略聯盟持續競爭優勢創造的理論框架。 -
Four cases were malignant, including 2 sphenoidal sinus low differentiated carcinoma, 1 adenoidocystic carcinoma, 1 inverting pallilloma with malignant change. 1 case with papillary adenoma underwent endoscopic surgery, and 5 cases underwent surgery by external approach
結果： 2例良性腫瘤中， 1例乳頭狀瘤治愈隨訪40月， 1例內翻性乳頭狀瘤手術后隨訪15月癥狀改善。 -
One the application of training approach by case study
試論案例式培訓方法的應用 -
To an english teacher, his effective influence is on the design of teaching procedure and the implementation of specific techniques in classroom. this demands that english teachers should have a good choice of appropriate teaching approaches in the light of a critical view. inspired by case study method, this paper focuses on a study on a lesson - based case approach for in - service teacher development
外語教師對教學的影響主要體現在對教學的構思和具體課堂教學的實施過程中，這就要求外語教師能從批判性反思的角度來選擇運用具體的教學方法和手段；所以，本文在案例教學方法的啟示下，研究了教師繼續教育培訓中引用課例的教學方法，通過對具體課例的分析、討論，傾向于讓受培訓者學到一種分析教學實踐的方法。
分享友人