civil law country 中文意思是什麼
civil law country
解釋
（歐洲大陸各國的）大陸法系國家-
In introduction section, the author points out the importance of civil retrial procedure, the universality of the litigation of civil retrial in civil law system, and the problems of civil retrial system in our country. based on these hereinabove, the author advanced the issue : establish litigation of civil retrial in our country. text is composed of 4 chapters
引言部分指出了再審程序的重要性，再審之訴在大陸法系國家存在的普遍性，以及我國現行民事再審啟動程序存在的主要問題，在此基礎上提出了本論文的基本論點:構建我國的民事再審之訴。 -
This article attempts to analyze the processing mechanism of the pure economic loss which comes to being in the system of civil law and anglo - america law system, summarizes characteristics of the processing mechanism and the policy consideration factor behind these processing mechanism, then carries on the discussion of the construction and the consummation of processing mechanism of the pure economic loss of our country, hopes to give my pygmy effort into the theory and the system of the pure economic loss in the our country
本文擬從純粹經濟損失賠償制度的立法選擇入手，分析大陸法系、英美法系各國基於各自法律傳統與法律體系所形成的各具特色的純粹經濟損失賠償制度，考察其立法選擇背後更深層次的政策考量，分析對我國純粹經濟損失賠償制度立法選擇的借鑒意義。 -
To put forward and demonstrate in the first part of this paper that it is the most important to rebuild the law system of our country ' s supervisory committee in the reformation of the supervisory system of company in present period, after comparing the social background and characteristics of the civil law system with these of the case law system
本文第一部分對兩大法系公司監控機制形成的社會背景、特點進行比較分析，提出並論證我國現階段公司監控機制建設的重中之重是重構公司監事會制度，而不是外部監控方式或獨立董事制度。 -
Serve as guardian the system is an important civil case law system, were establish by present all countries lawmaking. our country currently the provision concerning guardianship, mainly be seen in 《 the civil law general rule 》 and 《 an opinion of the civil law general rule medium. because at that time period social conditional influence of the lawmaking technique and particular histories, to serve as guardian provision too principle, general, operation function bad, and with actuality life of need become disjointed. but therein, again with to the body of the nonage and the protection, direct of the property is lord, but neglect the importance of become adult the guardianship, went with with present social activities not should. the our country serves as guardian the system existent many blemishs, the scholars already have the more treatise, and put forward the very perfect suggestion, the here no longer gives unnecessary details. this text only to the our country serves as guardian the system in was always neglect of concerning adult of guardianship make on elaborate, crave for the concern that can cause the educational circles
我國監護制度存在的諸多缺陷，學者們已有較多論述，並提出了非常完善的建議，這里不再贅述。本文僅對我國監護制度中一直被忽視的有關成年人的監護作一闡述，希冀能夠引起學界的關注。本文選取近年來對成年監護制度作重大修改的法國、德國、日本為立法例，首先概述成年監護制度;其次分析各國舊有的禁治產制度;再次，介紹了歐美諸國相繼對禁治產制度進行改革，建立現代新型成年監護制度;復次，分析在我國構建新型現代成年監護制度的必要性;最後也是本文的核心，著重提出對我國現代成年監護的制度的設計構想，以及若干細節問題的具體構建。 -
Part three : succession of right of dwelling in civil law country and anglo - american law system country
第三部分:大陸法系及英美法系主要國家對于居住權的繼受。 -
China is a civil law country, and every statute assumes a large body of unstated civil law theory from official and academic commentary
中國是一個大陸法系國家，每條法規承載著來自官方和學術註解的、龐大的大陸法理論。 -
Second, the paper compare the law of several civil law country : in modern times, all country regulate one joint and several obligation, which have difference in regulations
其次對各國的相關立法例進行了比較:近現代各國都只規定了一種連帶之債，但在具體規定上有所差別。 -
There are some useful experiences for taking - off of chinese market in the history of the global main markets : it ' s the specific cause of development that determines the transplanting mode of securitization system of a specific country ; there would be little successful markets without effective push from local governments ; banks are always main participants in the markets and play an important role in the development of a market ; civil - law countries should make necessary reform to their current legal systems to sustain development of their markets
考察從美國到全球的主要證券化市場發展歷史，可以得到以下足為我國證券化市場與制度建設之鏡鑒的經驗與教訓：發展動因上的區別影響引入證券化制度的模式和路徑；大多數證券化市場的成功起飛離不開政府積極有效的推動；銀行作為證券化市場的主力參與者，決定著一個證券化市場發展的道路與程度；民法法系國家應立足於自己的法律文化和制度體系，改革固有的法律制度以為證券化市場提供製度支持。 -
The author uses the game theory to analyze the national compensation legal system and points out it is a game between the people ( right ) and state ( power ). part 2. in the second part, the author briefly introduces the content and characteristic of the national compensation legal system in the common - law and civil - law system countries and in japan, and wishes to use these for reference when we better our country ' s national compensation legal system
第二部分，對國外主要國家的國家賠償制度進行了簡要的比較分析，概析了典型的大陸法系國家法國、德國和英美法系國家英國、美國以及日本的國家賠償制度的內容及特點，以期在完善我國國家賠償制度時可資借鑒。 -
In order to perfect our country ' s legislation in civil law, the author has an idea that we should add the general regulations on the contract benefited to the third party to our country ' s code of civil - law. the third party should be acknowledged as the independent creditor and be entitled to the rights of direct claim to debtor
為完善我國有關的民事立法，筆者認為我國應在即將制定的民法典中確立為第三人利益合同的一般規則，賦予第三人對債務人獨立的請求權，確立第三人獨立的債權人地位。 -
Civil law countries or area upper difference suitable for use hurting accident middle imputation in immaturity student is bigger ; the uk - us genealogy of law country is that responsibility principle handles that with fault
摘要大陸法系國家或地區在未成年學生傷害事故中歸責原則的適用上差異較大；英美法系國家則以過錯責任原則處理之。 -
It concluded that not only is there the civil law in ancient china but the content is extremely rich, and to conduct the research will be of great help to the present civil legislation of our country
得出了中國古代不僅存在民法而且內容非常豐富，對之進行研究將對我國現今民事立法大有裨益的結論。 -
However, our country ' s general rules of civil law in china and other relevant laws including judicatory explanation have some clear and definite provision to it
然而，我國《民法通則》以及其他有關法律和司法解釋，均未對此有明確規定。 -
Evidence system is one of the most important questions in the civil proceedings and standard of proof is an important question in the evidence system. the civil procedure law applies the standard of " highly probable " in civil litigations. this article points out that it is not reasonable to adopt the " highly probable " standard in all civil litigations. firstly, this article mentions the important meaning of standard of proof in judicial proof. secondly, it pionts out the flaws in the standard of proof in civil litigation in our country. thirdly, it introduces the standard of proof in civil litigation in common law and civil law countries and analyzes the similar and different points in the standard of proof. finally this article points out several suggestions to rebuild the system of standard of proof. lt suggests we should construct a system which considers the " highly probable " standard as a principle and adopts other forms of standard of proof in sepcial civil cases. and we can build this reasonable system by means of legislation and case law
但在所有民事案件中均劃一適用較高程度的蓋然性作為證明標準是不合理的。文章首先闡明了民事訴訟證明標準在訴訟證明中的重要意義，然後對於我國有關民事訴訟證明標準的現狀及其缺陷作了一個概括，接著文章對于兩大法系民事訴訟證明標準的異同進行了介紹以及比較分析，最後提出了對于構建一個科學的民事訴訟證明標準體系的幾點建議。文章建議應當通過立法以及判例制度來建立一個以較高程度的蓋然性為原則的多元的證明標準體系。 -
On the base of it, the author put forward legislative countermeasure to solve the contradiction between science and practise of our country " s legislation of product duty " s law that should legislate spe - cialized product duty ' s separate law with the characters of civil law
同時在立法的內容上提出應將產品定義應界定為「經過加工製作並用於流通的產品… … 」精神賠償、懲罰性賠償制度建立的必要及可行性。著重對產品責任法體系的構造和內容提出一些思考，以期對產品責任法的健全和完善有所裨益。 -
First of all, by comparing the differences and commons of the definition of the witness in system of civil law, system of common law and in our country, it concludes that the definition of the witness is similar to that in the system of civil law. as far as the competence of the witness is concerned, the article firstly compares and analyzes the provisions in two families of law, then analyzes the stipulations about the competence of the witness in our country, and come to the conclusion that the stipulation that unit has the competence of the witness is not scientific and the stipulation that persons of legal incapacity and persons of limited indisposing capacity can not be really carried out in judicial practice
在證人概念方面，通過比較分析英美法系國家、大陸法系國家和我國對證人概念的定義表述和界定范圍的異同，得出我國對證人概念的理解與大陸法系國家相似的結論;在證人資格方面，首先對兩大法系國家的證人資格規定進行了比較和研究，然後又對我國有關證人資格的規定進行了分析，並提出自己的觀點，即單位具有證人資格的規定不科學，無行為能力人、限制行為能力人作為證人的規定在實踐中可能不會得到真正貫徹。 -
It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason
論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。 -
It refers to the system that the procuratorial organ considers the person capable of disposing whose behaviors have violated the regulations of civil law and have trespassed the great rights and interests of the country, the community and the civic should hold civil liability. after investigation, on the basis of clear facts and conclusive evidences the procuratorial organ prosecutes for the people ' s court to claim him take upon civil liability
檢察機關提起民事訴訟，俗稱「民事公訴」 ，是指檢察機關認為民事行為人的行為違反了民事法律的規定，侵害了國家、集體和公民的重大權益，應當承擔民事責任，經查明事實清楚，證據確鑿之後，向人民法院起訴，要求其承擔民事責任的制度。 -
The right of dwelling is prescribed in roman law and civil code of civil law country and anglo - american law system, however, the system isn ’ t established in our country, and the theory of right of dwelling should be researched further
居住權在羅馬法及大陸法系和英美法系主要國家的民法典當中都有所規定，然而，我國並未確立這一制度，居住權的理論研究也有待于進一步的深入。 -
The author introduces legislative framework of civil law country and anglo - american law system, which has supplied the analysis materials for the legislation of chinese jus rerem
該部分介紹了大陸法系及英美法系主要國家有關居住權的立法例，為我國物權立法的理性選擇提供了分析材料。
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