cost layer 中文意思是什麼
cost layer
解釋
成本批次-
Through the experimental research, we think : the technological capacity of fiberglass asphalt macadam if weaker than asphalt macadam, however, if use elasticized capacity to solve blending technological problem. adjust the breed of fiber silk, extend its diameter, its paving capacity is still worth exploring, asphalt - rubber macadam structure lager have good deformed - become capacity and crazed - resistance capacity, small gap rate. good water - resistance capacity, good hot - stability and simple construction technology. therefore. pitch rubber spall is a good cover material which is suitable for the second class or lower whose asphalt pavement has split open because of fatigue. and is the good structural measure of preventing half - rigidity grass - roots unit shrink - rift reflecting. pave a thin layer of pitch rubber spall between asphalt - type pavement layer and half - rigidity basic level, although the cost of building is higher than paving togongbu in the middle, the construction technology, crazing - resistance and water - resistance are better than togongbu, not only could reduce greatly the reflex of half - rigidity grass - roots unit material, long then the use lifespan of pavement, but also it is possible to reduce suitably the thickness of asphalt mixture layer, though the cast of building in the early days becomes more, in the long - term opinion, it have fully important technological and economical significance
通過試驗研究認為：玻璃纖維瀝青碎石的技術性能不如瀝青碎石好，但路用彈性性能較好，如能解決拌和工藝問題，調整纖維絲的品種，增大其直徑，其路用性能仍值得探討，瀝青橡膠碎石結構層具有變形性能和抗裂性能良好，空隙率小，防水性能好，熱穩定性較好，施工工藝簡單的特點，因此，瀝青橡膠碎石是二級及二級以下公路因疲勞而開裂的瀝青路面的良好罩面材料，也是防止半剛性基層收縮裂縫反射的良好結構措施，在瀝青類路面面層和半剛性基層之間夾鋪瀝青橡膠碎石薄層，雖然造價比夾鋪土工布高，但其施工工藝，抗裂性能和防水性能均優于土工布，不僅可以大大減少半剛性基層材料的反射裂縫，延長路面使用壽命，而且可能適當減薄瀝青混合料面層的厚度，雖然初期造價有所增加，從長遠來看，具有十分重要的技術和經濟意義。 -
Abstract : the author stated the low cost retrofit using distributed control system to replace the existing control system of sulphuration equipment. the functional configuration of the distributed control system, the hardware and software of the system, and the communication between system and each layer of network are introduced in detail
文摘:提出採用集散型控制系統對現有的硫化設備控制系統進行低成本改造，詳細介紹硫化車間集散型控制系統的功能配置，系統的軟、硬體設計，系統及各層網路之間的通信。 -
Optical layer protection has characteristic of fast protection rate, high reliability, low cost and transparent, it can provide a common survivable platform for all kinds of traffic
光層保護恢復具有保護速度快、可靠性高、成本低、透明性強、可為各種業務提供一個公共生存平臺的特點，因而成為研究的熱點問題。 -
Electrode materials have effects on properties of electrochemical capacitor, many carbonaceous materials such as active carbon, pyrolytic carbon, active carbon fiber and carbon nanotube were mainly used in electric double - layer capacitor. because of synthetic conditions and cost, we studied their electrochemical properties of electronic double - layer capacitor that pyrolytic carbon was used as their electrode materials
電極材料是影響電化學電容器性能的主要因素之一，應用於雙電層電容器的電極活性物質主要是各種碳材料，如各種活性炭、熱裂解碳、碳纖維、碳納米管等，考慮到合成工藝和成本因素，我們採用熱裂解碳為雙電層電容器的電極材料，並研究了它們的電化學性能。 -
Linear induction motor is an important kind of machines which have some merits such as simple structure, low cost, durability, convenience for maintenance etc. the subject of this thesis is to study a big circular ring linear induction motor, and the major works in this thesis are summarized as follows : ( 1 ) considering the effects of the finite length of primary core, one - dimension analytical solution for the air gap field is cited in this paper. based on it, the single layer winding magnetic field is studied. considering whole - pitched and short - pitched winding configuration with odd poles and half - fulled slots in both ends, the double - layer winding magnetic field is analyzed, respectively
本文對大圓環直線感應電機進行了深入細致研究，內容包括： （ 1 ）本文採用有限長行波面電流作用於有限長鐵芯上的模型，引用了氣隙磁場一維解，研究了單層繞組磁場，奇數極半填槽雙層繞組在採用整距和短距時磁場的分析、比較，簡單介紹了二維解； （ 2 ）用有限元軟體ansoft對大圓環直線感應電機空載氣隙磁場進行了靜態分析，並分析了結果； （ 3 ）用軟體進行了額定電壓下的瞬態分析，得到了轉矩，位移，轉速隨時間變化曲線圖，利用單極性霍爾元件測定轉速並與軟體計算結果進行了比較，採用等效電路法計算了堵轉時的最大電磁力並做實驗進行了驗證，由實驗測得了三相電流波形，並與計算結果進行了比較，對其不對稱性進行了定性分析。 -
In long - range dependent case, a 5 - layer bp is applied to predict the network traffic. simulations show that, in terms of prediction, bp is more precise than farima, but at the cost of computing complexity
研究結果表明，該模型能夠較好地預測自相似業務流，特別是在預測精度上比farima模型要高，但是它的計算量較大。 -
The level of a subsidy can be obtained from three layers : the narrow level being financial budget, the broad level being non - internalization of externalities, and the integrated layer being the difference between private cost or price and market cost or price. several models and indicators of government assistance for agriculture have been developed, such as nrp, nra, erp, era, pse and ams
農業補貼的測度，可從狹義（財政預算） 、廣義（外部性）和綜合層次（衡量農業資源的轉入與轉出凈額）上進行；在現有各種測度農業補貼水平的方法中， pse模型能更好地反映補貼的內涵。 -
Taking all sorts of factor like cost and storage capability into account, people mostly use tertiary storage equipment like tape library or optical disk library as the primary storage medium to store massive data. at present, a three layer storage system composed of main memory, disk and tertiary storage has already been the primary storage structure of massive data
從成本和存儲容量等因素綜合考慮，目前人們大都採用將磁帶庫、光盤庫等第三級存儲設備作為海量數據的主要存儲介質，並與主存、磁盤一起構成一個三級的存儲系統作海量數據的存儲結構。 -
The thesis divides into five parts. from several groups of basic conceptions, we use the method of cost - income and structure - institution to deduct the logical ideas from one layer to another. the progress of the forming and evolving an inter - firm network is abstracted to the problem of the adaptability and the stability of an organization system respectively
全文共分五個部分，以成本-收益以及結構-制度的剖析範式，從幾組基本概念入手，邏輯推演層層展開，將企業網路的形成和演變過程分別抽象為組織系統的適應性和穩定性問題，構建了一個比較全面的分析框架。 -
This paper depicts the engineering outline of the pipeline crossing project as well as a series of new construction methods such as integral pipeline prefabrication, trenching layer by layer, integral lowering pipeline into trench and integral pressure testing, which speed up the construction progress and reduce the construction cost
文章介紹了穿越段的工程概況以及管道整體預制、管溝分層開挖、管道整體下溝和整體試壓等一系列新的施工方法，該方法加快了施工進度，節約了施工費用。 -
This thesis work has researched the fabrication technics of photonic crystal defect waveguide with air - bridge structure and collecting waveguide ; suggested using uv - lithography and wet etching to fabricate traditional waveguide, after that, using eb - lithography and dry etching to fabricate photonic crystal holes, so can reduce the fabrication cost by a big range ; designed the moulding board, which can fabricate the air - bridge structure and is convenient for recognizing position in eb - lithography ; the structure consisted of traditional waveguides and etching grooves are fabricated on soi successfully, then an successful eb - lithography is realized on the structure, the defect waveguide collected with the traditional waveguide quite well ; used the etching grooves to do the sacrificial layer etching experiment, which grounded etching sacrificial layer by photonic crystal holes in next step
提出採用紫外光刻工藝製作傳統波導結構之後，通過電子束曝光和干法刻蝕製作光子晶體小孔的工藝方案，大幅度減低了製作成本；設計出可形成空氣橋結構、並且適用於電子束曝光位置識別的光刻模板，在soi材料上成功製作出帶有空氣橋刻蝕預留槽以及接續光波導的結構，在該結構上成功實現了光子晶體帶隙波導的電子束曝光，帶隙波導與接續光波導位置接續良好；最後利用預留槽進行了刻蝕犧牲層的實驗，為下一步利用光子晶體小孔刻蝕犧牲層形成空氣橋結構打下了基礎。 -
Take the total annual cost as an optimal object, this paper establishes the mathematical model for optimal design of insulation layer thickness of buried oil pipeline, and develops optimal design software
摘要以年總工作費用為優化目標，建立了埋地原油集輸管道保溫層厚度優化設計數學模型，編制了優化設計軟體。 -
This set of production lines has low investment cost and high intelligence with full automated production from stirring raw material to outputting finished products. through using double - layer fabrics and replacing mould, we can make varied concreted products such as hollow bricks, porous bricks, machine - made bricks, colored road bricks and curbstones
該套生產線投資成本低，智能化水程度高，從原料攪拌到成品輸出全部自動化生產，採用雙層布料，更換模具可生產空心磚多孔磚機磚彩色路面磚和路沿石等多種混凝土製品。 -
The so - called marketing channel design decision, mean according to the product features and the target market, according to economical, controllable, perpetual standard to recognize the marketing channel company ' s type, pr. layer marketing channel company ' s magnitude and marketing channel company ; the marketing channel administrative decision then points the selection, motivating toward the marketing channel member and appraisals, and according to the action and the marketing the environmental change of fixed cost steers betterment to the whole marketing channel
本文通過闡述渠道建設相關概念，通過分析中國網通興安盟分公司渠道建設現狀及存在的問題，提出建立細分目標客戶市場相應的營銷渠道;再加強渠道建設中針對不同目標客戶市場，實施不同營銷、服務及考核辦法;結合興安盟分公司的實際情況提出建設營銷渠道的模式和標準，以及設計渠道的一些原則和思路。 -
This paper analyzed the characteristics of process, equipment, investment, quality and cost of traditional multi - layer parquet production using single - component moisture - curing liquid polyurethane ( pur ) adhesives
摘要單組分濕固化液態聚氨酯膠（ pur ）不同於傳統水基膠黏劑，用於生產多層復合地板時，可避免生產過程中因水分和熱量的介入對木材尺寸穩定性的影響。 -
So added the fsmf to mortar layer and winding layer of the rpmp will improve the mechanical property and lower the cost
所以在玻璃鋼夾砂管道的纏繞層和夾砂層中加入適量的礦物復合填料fsmf ，可以改善玻璃鋼夾砂管的力學性能，同時降低成本。 -
Also, optimization studies are underway from the following respects, constituting quoted price system of constructing - cost, establishing benefit - balance mechanism, contractor ' s constructing - cost - control service for proprietor, and how to decrease project implementation ' s organization layer and profit - proportion etc. aims of studies is to make contractor ' s constructing abilities be apparent, to accelerate contractors be autonomic, to raise proprietor ' s beneficial result of construction
同時，從構畫建造成本報價體系、建立起項目實施階段的利益制衡機制，如何減少工程項目實施組織方式的組織層次和利潤分成，承包商為業主提供建造成本控制服務等角度進行優化研究，其目的是突顯承包商的建造能力、促進承包商自律、提高業主的項目建設效益。 -
The analysis results show that ac - iapp, adopting two - layer location database based on ac and ap and ac - based handover method, is the best in database size, query time and cost of handover
分析結果表明：綜合考慮數據庫容量、查詢時間和越區切換代價， ac - iapp協議採用兩層位置數據庫（ ac和ap ）和基於ac的越區切換策略，性能最佳。 -
For reducing cost and accelerating construction speed sparingly, at present in irrigation works construct in producing testing progressively and antiabrasion layer that popularize excavating method competent to split law in advance, flexible cushion layer etc. accumulative charge to vertical hole has been tested in three gorege project only
為了節省施工成本、加快施工進度，目前在水利工程施工生產中逐步試驗並推廣的保護層開挖方法有水平預裂法，柔性墊層法等。對於垂直孔水平聚能藥包爆破用於生產試驗僅在三峽進行過。 -
The vertical structure optimization through simulation of the new structure, low loss igbt ( lpl - igbt ) has been discussed in detail in this paper. in comparison with the prevalent igbt, lpl - igbt has not only the merit of transparent back emitter and high lifetime of carriers owned by npt - igbt but also the complex n7n + voltage sustain layer structure owned by pt - igbt. not only possesses lpl - igbt lower power loss but also the other capacities are no better than npt - igbt such as break down voltage, current capacities, safe operation area and cost
與現有igbt相比較， lpl - igbt在結構上保留了npt - igbt中的透明發射區和高載流子壽命的本質優點，同時又具有pt - igbt中n ~ - n ~ +復合薄耐壓層的優點；在器件性能上， lpl - igbt不僅具有比npt - igbt更低的能量損耗（包括通態損耗和開關損耗） ，而且其餘性能如器件耐壓、電流密度、安全工作區以及製造成本等相對現有npt - igbt均有明顯改善。
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