cost of bidding 中文意思是什麼
cost of bidding
解釋
投標費用-
The nicety of the results calculated - automatic calculation of the sheets of the cost of wche is designed according to relevant regulations, which insure the nicety of the results ; 4. the easiness of modifying remits calculated - various result sheets calculated may be converted into excel eletrical - sheets with formulatns. by means of strong edit function of excel, the output format of analysis sheets of unite price and other various result sheets can be modified according to the requirement of the project and the necessary content can be added on the basis of the bidding ; 5
3 .計算結果準確性一水利水電工程造價表格的自動計算均是根據有關規定設計，確保了計算結果的準確性; 4 .計算成果修改方便一將各種計算成果表可以轉換成帶公式的excel電子表格，利用excel強大的編輯功能，根據工程實際需要修改單價分析表和其他各種成果表的輸出格式或按招標要求增加必要的內容等。 -
In the study on the method of risk decision in project bidding based on considering emulant, according to the contents and the characteristics of risk decision in the stage of bidding, based on considering the pure risks and the speculative risks, and setting out from monomial risk, internal number and internal probability were used in describing each risk element. then, the optimization of strategies for monomial risks was done. and the computation was used to sew up the scheme, the progress, the cost and the overall risk compensation
在工程項目投標階段的風險決策方法研究中，根據投標階段風險決策的內容和特點，在考慮純風險和投機風險的基礎上，從單項風險入手，運用區間數和區間概率的性質，先描述各個風險要素，然後進行單項風險對策間的對比擇優，並將其結果對應于方案、進度、成本費用及投標報價總風險補償費的確定，最終實現承包商的風險成本最小化。 -
For system purchase party, it consists of the power purchase unit cost, the forecasting of which make it possible for control the dynamic cost of itself ; for market monitors, the forecasting of it provide rational foundation for the development and competition with soundness 、 stability and order ; for power generators, the system margin price is its product price and its profit rely on the success bidding strategy which bases on the grasp the tendency of short - term market price. if known the information of power price beforehand, the power generators will get greater profit
從系統購電方來看，系統邊際電價構成了它的單位購電成本，系統邊際電價的預測使自身的動態成本控製成為可能；從市場的監管者來看，系統邊際電價的預測為促使市場健康、穩定、有序地競爭和發展提供科學依據；從發電方來看，系統邊際電價是它的產品價格，其利潤依賴于成功的報價策略，報價策略形成的基礎是準確把握短期市場的走向，把握市場的關鍵是對系統邊際電價的準確預測。 -
Then the mathematical model of bidding strategy for power plants is proposed through rigorous mathematical reasoning, which aims at maximum profit and is fully concerned about the influence of generator start - up and shut down cost
論文通過對發電廠機組發電成本曲線和損益平衡的理論分析，經數學推理得出了以利潤最大化為目標並充分考慮機組啟停費用的優化發電競價策略的數學模型。 -
Making the kasibility study, analysis of cost, the design of water transport project, suppling sidding documents and evaluation of bidding
主要是交通水運工程的報告編審，水運工程造價分析編審，水運工程的設計技術的咨詢以交通工程的招標編審與評標服務咨詢。 -
The contents include six parts, which are the data processing, the production cost analysis, the economical load distributing, the integrated economy analysis, the integrated administration, the assistant decision - making system of bidding strategy
包括：數據錄入、數據查詢功能、發電成本分析功能、發電負荷經濟分配功能、綜合經濟分析與管理的功能、競價上網輔助決策功能。 -
Through an analysis of various factors that influence the project cost from the angle of urban rail transit construction management, this paper emphasizes the management method on the stages of project designing, project bidding, project construction and project completion, and argues that effective means and concrete measures of controlling the cost of urban rail transit project shall be further discussed
摘要從軌道交通建設管理的角度分析了影響工程造價的各種因素，重點對勘察設計階段的管理、工程招投標階段的管理、工程施工階段的管理以及竣工階段的管理方法進行了分析，試圖探尋控制軌道交通工程造價的有效手段和具體措施。 -
For the minimum area, based on the principle of reducing ceasing times and ensuring that power is steady, this paper advances the relevant bidding strategy. for the middle area, based on the principle of considering the cost of rivals and exerting the cost advantage of self, this paper advances the relevant bidding strategy
對于最低容量段，基於盡量減少停機、保證機組負荷穩定原則提出相應報價策略；對于中間容量段，基於充分考慮對手電量成本、發揮自身成本優勢原則提出相應報價策略；對于最高容量段，基於捕捉市場中獲利的商機原則提出相應報價策略。 -
The system has functions of disposing data, analyzing the cost of the production of electric power, economic dispatch, analyzing the economic of operational state, helping to make decisions for the bidding for pool purchase and so on
論文主要構建了火力發電廠生產成本動態監測系統的整體框架，主要包括數據處理、發電成本分析、發電負荷經濟分配、運行狀態經濟性分析、競價上網輔助決策等功能。 -
With the widespread implementation of the tender offer and tender bidding system in the water conservancy and hydroelectricity engineering ( wche ), the cost of projects shall be estimated in time by the design unit and the contractor in order to work out the tender and the quoteprice
水利水電工程普遍實行工程招投標制度，這就要求設計單位和承包商及時測算出工程造價，以便於編制標底和報價。因此，水利水電工程造價系統的研製與開發是一項具有重要意義的工作，同時也是一項非常艱難的工作。 -
The paper through to analyse the background, meaning and necessity for implement bidding & tender of online architectural design, through to discript and compare with different mode of domestic and international of application for bidding & tender in network, to propose a unique opinion of solution system which is ndbs mode for bidding & tender of online architectural design, the mode is to submit the whole course of bidding & tender of online architectural design from planning for bid, information issue, pre - qualification, call for bid meeting, tender submit, tender evaluation and confirm the solution to sign the contract in internet. the paper through to structure a bidding platform ( bdb. cn ), to analyse the funcation procedure of bidding and tender system of online architectural design, from the sight of bid invitor, bidder and tender evaluated angle, to link them closely. the paper carry on system design to ndbs mode, input and outut, the information and keep them, safety and data stored, the paper combine with online architectural desigh wenzhou huameng building ( railway station road 1 - 2 massif ) as an example of ndbs mode finally, the result of study indicate, bidding and tender of online architectural design is not only feasible technically, the procedure of bidding and tender accord wigh the law, but also it is unanimous in traditional bidding way, this implement the scheme can improve working efficiency greatly, reduce the cost of bidding effictives, make it standard science further, to realize a pualitative leap in the building management level
論文通過對實施網上建築設計招標投標的背景、意義及必要性進行分析，通過對國內外不同模式招標投標網路應用的綜合敘述與比較，提出了具有獨特見解的系統的網上建築設計招標投標解決方案? ? ndbs模式，該模式是對建築設計招標投標全過程從招標準備、信息發布、資格預審、招標會議、標書遞交、評標決標到合同簽訂的網上解決方案，論文從構建網上招標平臺（ bdb . cn ）開始，對建築設計招標投標系統的功能流程進行分析，從招標人、投標人和評標人的角度出發，通過對其在整個招標投標活動流程在網際網路中的無縫連接，使得通過bdb . cn招標平臺，能夠達到建築設計招標投標各參與方的一網打盡。論文還對ndbs模式進行了系統設計，對輸入輸出、安全與數據加密和招標投標資料儲存進行設計，從技術的層面對該系統提出了解決的方案。論文最後還結合溫州華盟大廈工程（車站大道1 - 2 #地塊）的網上建築設計招標投標的實例，對ndbs模式進行了實證，研究結果表明，實施網上建築設計招標投標，不僅在技術上是成熟可行的，在工作流程上是符合法律法規的，與傳統的招標投標方式也是一致的，而且能夠大大提高工作效率，有效降低招標投標成本，使得招標投標能夠更加規范、科學，實現建設管理水平的一個質的飛躍。 -
This paper contains three parts : cost estimating, profit decision and unbalanced bidding strategy. the cost estimaging part introduces the product assembly model and describes how to convert it to assembly logic net. then we use the msps algorithm to weigh the product complexity and get the analogy coefficient to estimate the cost. then we analyze the traits of bidding activity, erecting a profit decision model based on fuzzy set theory. this model can choose the best profit through quantifying quote objects, profit influence factor and candidate profits. then we introduce unbalanced bidding strategy on basis of the traits of the discrete manufacturing enterprise. we take amount, date, cost subjects and technology into account. we change the price of all parts of the product, in order to get more benefit negative influence. this paper introduces the design and implementation of the system
接下來建立了基於模糊集的利潤率決策模型，以模糊集作為數學依據，量化企業投標目標、利潤率影響因素、投標利潤率三者之間的關系，為投標產品確定最適合的總利潤率，以最大化保證企業投標目標的實現。然後根據離散製造企業的特點，提出以bom為中心不平衡報價策略，從零件的需求數量、需求日期、成本科目劃分以及零件本身的技術難度進行考慮，通過在保持投標產品的投標總價基本不變的前提下，有意識有策略地調整產品各組成部分的報價，以達到既不提高總價，也不影響中標，又能在結算時獲得更理想的經濟效益的目標。 -
Compile & examine the cost of construction projects ; preparation of the bidding ( & the tender ) documents ; compile & examine target of calling for tender ( or bidding ) ; supervise cost of construction project
建築工程造價編審，全過程造價監理，工程造價鑒定，招投標標底編審，招投標文件編制及咨詢。 -
Second, mathematical model of social cost of bidding is set up through mathematics method, and the economic benefit of bidding is studied, as well the balanced state of the economic benefits of bidding is found out
2 、藉助數學方法建立了工程招標投標社會耗散成本的數學模型，探討了工程招標投標的經濟效益，尋求了工程招標投標經濟效益的均衡狀態。 -
To reduce cost and enhance competitive power, dalian daxue brewery co., ltd purchase lehui cross - flow filtration system by means of bidding
樂惠集團寧波樂鷹商用廚房公司的商用洗碗機參加04年春季廣交會，受到廣大外商的青睞，並且連樣機也被外商購買。 -
Execution of construction procurement requires promotion of bidding, innovation of construction cost standard, reform of revenue pay system and so on. in addition information system construction is necessary to build database about contractors and experts and improve government work efficiency
實施政府投資項目的工程采購還需要推行諸如招投標制度、工程造價制度改革、支付體系改革等配套措施，此外，建立專家和承包商數據庫，提高政府采購的效率，還必須進行信息化建設。 -
Namely, managing the geotechnical investigation cost is not only in the stage of bidding invitation and bidding, but also in the process of undertaking and completion phase. the total aspects management means that the principal part of the management is comprehensive. the geotechnical investigation cost management concerns not only the client and investigator, but also the government, designer, supervisor and contractor. when the investigator, client and other parties carry the micro - management of the geotechnical investigation cost into execution, the government ' s macroscopical management of the geotechnical investigation cost is essential
即不僅要在勘察招標投標階段對其進行管理，在勘察實施階段及完工後也要對其進行管理；不僅建設單位和勘察單位要對其進行管理，政府部門也要對其調控，工程建設的其他各方（監理單位、設計單位、施工單位等）也要站在不同的角度對其進行管理；不僅要有勘察單位、建設單位等企業方面的微觀管理，也要有政府部門的宏觀管理。 -
It emphasize in the macro view that we should enhance the lawmaking, develop association about engineering cost management, and broaden the service field of the organization on engineering cost consultation etc. from the micro view, considering that the architecture ' s price may be totally formed by the market and it may connect with international tradition, we discussed how to ferry stream from quota price to bill - quantity price, how to ferry stream from government making - price to enterprise free making - price. also we discussed how to compile bill - of - quantity, how to determine price of bidding strategies of bidding and how to quote price under the bill - of - quantity model. study of a certain reasonable low price, problems and countermeasures of the lowest bid approach in making bid and inviting bid has been discussed too
強調：宏觀上，工程造價管理要加強立法、加強工程造價管理協會的建設、拓寬工程造價咨詢機構的服務面等；微觀上，針對建築產品價格完全由市場形成及與國際慣例接軌的要求，討論在剛剛開始推行工程量清單計價模式下，如何使定額計價向工程量清單計價過渡，建築產品如何由政府定價向企業自主定價過渡，以及工程量清單編制、標底價格的確定、施工企業的投標報價；研究在工程招投標過程中， 「合理低價」的確定方法，無標底招標可能出現的問題及對策；最後提出費用組成及計價方式的改革，使得工程造價更符合工程的實際情況，更有利於企業間的競爭。 -
Mainly, the research of the following several respects have been carried on in this paper : first, the composition and source of social cost of bidding is studied, and the relevant laws and regulations of our country on social cost of bidding are recommended of
本文主要進行了以下幾個方面的研究: 1 、探討了工程招標投標社會耗散成本的組成及費用來源，介紹了我國有關法律法規對工程招標投標社會耗散成本的規定。 -
However, while the bidding development, as the concrete owner of government investment lacks the enthusiasm of increasing the benefit, during the construction field composing of government investment mainly, as well as lacking of unify norm and management for bidding, some violation operation and illegitimate competition behavior have appeared. it leads to high social cost of bidding, and has influenced the economic benefits of the bidding work
但是，在招標投標工作推進過程中，由於我國以國家投資為主體的建設工程領域，國家投資的具體業主缺乏提高效益的積極性，加之招標工作缺乏統一規范和管理，出現了一些違規操作和不正當競爭行為，使得投標單位之間的競爭並不是真正依靠實力的競爭，而在某種意義上是各種社會關系的競爭。
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