costs structure 中文意思是什麼
costs structure
解釋
成本結構-
Nie also analyze the impaction of microscopic institutional structure on transaction costs or supervising cost of economic action, but they mainly analyze the combination of market mechanism with social institutions in exchanging area or the combination of corporation rules with social institutions, don ’ t refer to the combination of social capital, corporation rule with market mechanism and it ’ s impaction on economic action. nie don ’ t consider social capital as a kind of fundamental but ancillary economic institution
還有，科斯等人認識到經濟行動所處的微觀制度結構對其交易或組織監督成本有影響，但主要分析的是市場制度與社會制度（ system ）在交換領域中、企業規則與社會制度在企業生產領域中的分別結合，而沒有分析市場制度、企業規則與社會資本等制度的同時結合對于經濟行動的影響。 -
She offers an outstanding range of machinery in the granite and marble processing cycle, including gang saws ang slab polishing lines. in the past years, she held and reached the change of industrial structure. the pioneering technology and the hope of customer are always reflected in the producs with the quickest speed. shengda products shared chinese market and worked well in many cuntries such as italy, usa, australia, turkey, thailand, etc. she is perfecting selling and service networks in allover the wold, shengda allows the customers to keep down the manufacturing costs to better environing conditions and to reach the top quality standard suitable for market requirements
在科技研發方面，公司以博士後作為負責人，構建了一個由多名高科工程師工程師組成的研發團隊，使公司技術始終領先同行，形成生產技術上的優勢，通過技術改造產品開發技術攻關技術引進，以最快的速度將最新的石材加工技術和客戶的需求反應到產品生產中，使技術和設備走在同行的前端，產品保持國內外同行先進水平，出口到義大利美國澳大利亞韓國和泰國等幾十個國家，受到了石材加工業者的青睞。 -
Accounting choice is determined to influence one or more of the firm ' s contractual arrangements. such contractual arrangements include executive compensation agreements and debt covenants, the primary function of which is to alleviate agency costs by better aligning the incentives of the parties. however, depending on the structure of these contracts, ex post accounting choices may be made to increase compensation or to avoid covenant violation
事實上，企業賴以生存的利益相關者不僅僅包括經理人員和股東，債權人、員工、供應商、消費者、政府等，也與企業的利益緊密相關;顯然，科斯企業理論及其以後的發展，對企業的認識存在著一定的局限性， 「公司是由持有該公司普通股的個人和機構擁有」的傳統觀點過于狹隘。 -
The theoretical research, computer simulation and experimental results analysis show that maskless laser interferometric lithography and holographic lithography have the characteristics of large field of view, high resolution, distortionless, relatively simple system structure, low costs and convenient realization way. they have a broad application prospect
激光干涉光刻技術研究四川大學博士學位論文理論研究、計算模擬和實驗結果分析表明，無掩模激光干涉光刻和全息光刻具有大視場、高解析度、無畸變、系統相對簡單、成本較低，實現方便等特點，具有廣闊的應用前景。 -
Evading risk in financial trading market cries for pricing options to a nicety. asian option, as the most flourish options in the finace market, the pricing has been focused on always. the exact pricing formula for the geometric average asian option had existed, but as to the european - style arithmetic average asian option, due to the dependence structure between the prices of the underlying asset, no analytical formula exists. on the hypothesis that the market is frictionless and without transaction costs 、 on the base of b - s ’ s and in the binomial tree model, we provide several algorithms for computing an accurate value of the european - style arithmetic average asian option. following rogers and shi and by jensen ’ s inequality, many different upper and lower bounds are provided ; meanwhile a formula have got by the comonotonicity and approximating the distribution function. all of the algorithms are easy for programming. with the development of computer, more accurater price can be computed quickly. and numerical example proved that these algorithms are very accurate
對于幾何平均亞式期權它的定價相對簡單，已經給出了定價公式。對于算術平均亞式期權，它的未定權益具有軌道依賴特性，一直沒有得到它的定價方程的解析解形式。本文基於對市場是無摩擦且在沒有交易費用的情況下，在b - s模型下，利用二叉樹模型給出了算術平均亞式期權定價方法;並總結了利用jensen 』 s不等式給出的各種不同情況下的上下界;同時應用共單調性和近似分佈函數的方法也給出了算術平均亞式期權價格的近似公式。 -
On one side, tncs " m & a practices constitute a external force pushing china ' s further soes " reform, such as diversification of corporate ownership, enhancement of corporate governance structure, effective incentives mechanisms for corporate managers, upgrade of domestic enterprise ' s international competitiveness, introduce of competition mechanisms in monopoly industries, and so on. on the other side, tncs " m & a practices may bring some potential risks, such as soes " losing dominant position in strategic industries, costs of m & a failures, less employment opportunities, risks of embezzlement of stated owned assets, and tncs " abuse of market power
五、跨國公司對中國企業的並購猶如一把雙刃劍，一方面它將有利於國有產權的多元化、公司治理結構的完善、控制權市場的形成、經營者的有效激勵約束、企業國際競爭力的提升、以及壟斷行業競爭機制的引入；另一方面，它也會產生各種風險，如國有經濟戰略性地位喪失的風險、整合失敗的風險、就業減少的風險、國內資產流失的風險、以及跨國公司非競爭性行為發生的風險等。 -
By means of the numerical simulation and considering many factors synthetically such as steel weight of the platform structure, the construction program, investment costs and geotechnical risk, the contrastive analysis has been made to the types of the platform structures with skirt piles and main pile, and finally it is determined in use skirt piles for weizhou 11 - 1 platform
通過數值模擬計算，綜合考慮平臺結構用鋼量、施工方案、投資費用和工程地質風險等多種因素，對平臺採用裙樁結構型式和主樁結構型式兩種方案進行了對比分析，最終確定潿洲11 - 1平臺採用裙樁結構型式。 -
To improve the operation ability of the shipping routes, to optimize the sales structure, to raise the service reliability and quality, and to reduce the operation costs would be the main research points to the shipping corporations and its research centers
3 、提升航線品質和服務質量的需要當今的貿易商和航運界已經把班輪公司航線班期及其準班率，視作衡量船公司綜合實力和經營服務水平重要評價依據。 -
Based on the natural conditions, land use and production situation and implementation of the valley harnessing measures in the anjiagou river basin, dingxi county, gansu province, in this study the land use types, spatial distribution mode of land use structure, costs of farming, forestry and animal husbandry and their economic returns are analyzed, the qualitative and quantitative maximum economic returns of agriculture and animal husbandry are lucubrated, and an optimized design of land use structure is carried out by using the linear programming method and developing a mathematic model under the restriction of land area, labor forces, livestock forces, social requirements and forage supply
摘要根據甘肅定西安家溝流域自然條件、土地利用狀況、治理措施和生產狀況，通過對土地利用的類型、結構空間分佈模式以及人財物資源的輸入和輸出分析，以種植業和畜牧業總體最大純經濟效益最高為目標，從定性到定量，通過建立數學模型，在土地面積、勞動力、畜力、社會需求和飼料需求的約束之下，應用線性規劃方法進行土地利用結構優化設計，求解最優目標解，得出優化方案。 -
As these costs associated with investing in single manager products accumulate, they can significantly eat into your net return. one level of management fee despite utilizing a sophisticated and resource intensive multi manager fund structure, investors of the fund will only be charged for one level of management fee - just like most traditional single manager funds available in the market
本基金雖然採用多元基金經理架構，所涉及的人力資源甚多，但投資者僅需支付如一般單一經理基金相約的管理費用，即可盡享等同於機構投資者所獲的專業服務，投資就更可安寢無憂。 -
With an updated analysis on inventory structure and quantity, it provides reliable planning on production, purchasing material requisition and sales. to manage inventory level and stocking in order to control the cause of storage or over storage to achieve the optimism of stocks, inventory turns and storage costs, so as to accelerate the turnover of capitals
即時處理各種出入庫憑證，隨時查詢各種庫存資訊，及時分析庫存結構及數量情況，有效減少或避免物料的短缺超儲呆滯積壓，最大限度地降低庫存，減少庫存資金佔用，加速資金同轉。 -
Author thought maybe it was mainly because our listed companies had special ownership structure which the stated - owned rights was in the position of domination. this lead to the default of controlling agent costs by dividend policy
作者分析這其中最主要的原因是由於我國國有股一股獨大的股權結構，導致股利政策無法真正起到控制代理成本的作用。 -
Dased upon the introduction of correlative theories, articles and viewpoints, this paper construes status in quo of current professional manager market of china and hebei province, and finds out the key problems ; this paper refers to the background and main issues of professional managers " selection, and the structure of managerial talents ; according to the presentation of dynamic standpoints in identifying the abilities of professional managers and the concept of degree of informational asymmetry, we obtain the conclusion that to some extent the talents of professional managers are identified ; then, we give models of factor analysis of anticipant costs and incomes in the process that study on the selection of manager ; based upon the character of informational incompleteness about managerial capability, this paper discusses predominance and inferior position about choosing in and out of the corporation and the problems of arrangement in pairs or groups for two modes ; finally, we put forward the measures and suggestions to settle the problems
本文在介紹相關理論和與論題相關的文章及觀點的基礎上，分析了中國及河北省當前職業經理人市場現狀，找出問題的關鍵；分析了職業經理人選聘的背景、存在的主要問題，以及職業經理人才能的結構；通過對職業經理人才能識別的動態性觀點和信息不對稱程度的引進，說明了在一定程度上職業經理人才能是可識別的；在此基礎上，論文引入了期望成本收益分析模型，對職業經理人的選擇進行較為系統的研究；基於職業經理人能力的不完全信息性質，指出企業內部選擇方式和外部選擇方式的優劣勢，討論了兩種方式的搭配問題；最後提出了解決措施和建議。本文的創新之處在於提出了期望成本收益分析模型，從企業和個人兩方面分析了職業經理人選聘過程。 -
Jensen ， m and w meckling. 1976 theory of the firm ： managerial behavior ， agency costs and ownership structure. journal of financial economics ， 3
伯格洛夫. 1995 .轉軌中的公司治理結構:及其政策含義.見:青木昌彥和錢穎一.轉軌經濟中的公司治理結構? ?內部人控制和銀行的作用[ m ] .北京：經濟出版社， 73 - 112 -
The practice indicates that the skirt pile structure can be adopted for the platforms in the shallow water area in china, which not only can effectively avoid geotechnical risk, but also can reduce costs
實踐結果表明，我國淺海地區油田平臺樁基結構可以來用裙樁結構型式，不僅可以有效迴避工程地質風險，而且可以降低成本。 -
The enterprises of aerospace industry are wholly state - owned, they have not only the common characteristics of soe for instance the agency risk and the principal risk, but some particular, for example particular capital structure and because of the income from nation according with the costs of the present products, in order to get more dollars from nation finance ministry, the aerospace enterprises try their best to increase the costs and expenses of their products
航天系統的組織結構是以研究院為母公司，以研究所、工廠為子公司的科研生產聯合體。它們屬于國有企業，具有國有企業一般特點，又具有自身的特殊性，例如特殊資本結構；以成本為基礎的合同誘使成本最大化成為企業經營目標；經營成果核算具有較大彈性以及軍品采購過程缺乏明確的成本費用目標等等。 -
The major flaw of modern capital structure theory is that it cannot explain very well many enterprises remain low debt levels when tax benefits is large and bankruptcy costs is small
現代資本結構理論的主要缺陷是無法很好的解釋許多企業在稅收利益很大、破產成本很小的情況下，仍然保持很低的負債水平。 -
The decision was informed in part by an examination of the organization ' s cost structure, which showed that overhead costs constituted a significant portion of its total operating costs
這個決定的形成一部份原因在於對該組織成本結構的一項細查，該細查反映組織的一般管理費用在她的全部運營費用中占據了一個重要的部份。 -
The property rights structure stimulates the people ' s economical conducts through transiting the property rights as the valuable asserts and arranging who can bear the deciding costs and benefits of using resources. distributing the deciding power, property rights arrangement decides who conducts in the economic system and how is the social wealth distributed. so, defining and enforcing the property rights institution influences the idea of using economic resources the economic conducts and economic performances
通過把所有權轉讓為有價值的資產並安排誰是承擔資源使用決策的成本和收益的人，產權制度結構激勵著社會中人們的經濟行為；通過決策權力的配置，一般的產權安排決定了經濟體制中誰是經濟行為主體，界定了社會中財富的分配；由此，產權制度的界定和實施影響著對經濟資源使用的決策，並對經濟行為和經濟績效產生十分重要的影響。 -
Capitalising on the lower costs to ( a ) streamline government structure and improve efficiency ; ( b ) help the industrial and commercial sectors and invest judiciously in the emerging high technology industry ; and
充份利用成本下降的有利時機， （ a ）致力精簡公營部門，提高成本效益， （ b ）扶助工商業，量力開展新興科技生產的投資； （ 4 ）
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