critical heat 中文意思是什麼

This paper mainly discusses the designing and testing method to the dds acousto - optic mode locking. it also makes some further analysis on the critical technology - - - - - - the transducer acoustical membrane matching and transducer thinning, which can directly affect the performance of acousto - optic elements. it then analyses the heat effect of acousto - optic elements and the technology of transducer thinning by developing ion - beam sputtering of high frequency acousto - optic elements

本文重點討論了dds聲光鎖模器的設計及測試方法，討論和分析了影響聲光器件性能的關鍵工藝換能器聲學膜層匹配和換能器減薄工藝，對聲光器件的熱效應進行了測試分析，對離子刻蝕法聲光換能器減薄新工藝作了一定的探討。

Using the opened thermosiphon of 38x3 as experimental element and water as working fluid, the characteristics of dynamic low load boiling, stable severe boiling heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux are gotten for the opened thermosiphon at the pressure of 0. 02 - 0. 1mpa and 0. 1 - 0. 8mpa respectively, which makes up the drawback that the opened thermisiphon has not yet accurate boiling heat transfer relationship formulas. by means of experimental results, an opened thermisiphon waste heat recovery boiler is designed for the high temperature gases that the positi e electrode copper refining furnace exhaust, which overcomes effectively the drawback of short life, little capacity and unable to inspect that the closed steel - water thermosion has

本文以工程上常用的38 3的開口封底為實驗元件，以水為工質，對開啟式熱管內的動態低負荷沸騰、穩態旺盛沸騰及臨界沸騰特性進行系統的可視化實驗研究，實驗壓力為0 . 02 0 . 8mpa ，實驗得出了38 3的開口封底管在工作壓力為0 . 02 0 . 8mpa和0 . 1 0 . 8mpa下的管內沸騰傳熱系數及臨界熱負荷計算關聯式，彌補了開口封底管? ?這一新型傳熱元件尚無準確的沸騰換熱關聯式的缺陷。

Test method for critical radiant flux of exposed attic floor insulation using a radiant heat energy source

利用輻射熱能源測定暴露的頂樓地板絕緣臨界輻射通量的方法

Standard test method for critical radiant flux of exposed attic floor insulation using a radiant heat energy source

暴露于輻射熱能源的擱樓地板絕緣的臨界輻射通量的標準試驗方法

Power consumption is critical in the battle against heat

功耗是抗擊熱量的關鍵。

Standard method of test for critical radiant flux of floor covering systems using a radiant heat energy source

用輻射熱能源測定地板覆蓋物的臨界輻射流的標準試驗方法

Thus, judicious heat and ventilation is doubly critical during those times of the year.

這樣，一年中的這段時間里，少量加熱與通風是需要倍加註意的。

The entropy or number of states of system or subsystem are closely related to interaction of particles and energy level distribution, therefore, to study the temperature dependence of the specific heat may supply some important and useful microscopic information which may play an important role in understanding electronic structure, density of state, phonon spectrum etc. the specific heat measurements at low temperatures also play important roles in the finding of the third law of thermodynamics, the quantum theory of solid and bcs theory for superconducting etc. moreover, specific heat measurements help us to understand the different kinds of phase transitions ( such as : structural phase transition, magnetic phase transition, superconducting phase transition etc. ) and the scaling behavior near the critical point

系統、子系統的熵或微觀狀態數與微觀粒子間的相互作用及能級分佈密切相關，因此研究比熱與溫度的依賴關系能夠提供被測量系統許多極其有用的微觀信息，對理解固體的電子結構、電子態密度、聲子譜等起著十分重要的作用。低溫比熱的測量和研究對熱力學第三定律、固體量子理論和超導bcs等理論的建立起到了積極的推動作用。比熱研究還有助於認識各類相變如結構相變，磁性相變，超導相變等及臨界點附近的標度規律。

The farras completed the 278 - yard course, which includes a water trough and log hurdles, in 1 minute, 6 seconds in the critical heat and 1 minute, 4 seconds in the final

法拉背著苔絲跑完了254米的全程，他用1分鐘穿過一個水槽越過一個圓木跨欄，用6秒鐘穿過熱浪，用了1分零4秒跑完剩下路程。

The experimental results show that water jet impingement induces higher heat flux, higher critical temperature and narrower transition temperature range

水冷實驗數據分析結果表明：射流能提高熱流密度和臨界溫度，縮小過渡區溫度區間。

In this thesis, we use the random - matrix - theory to revise the following calculating methods : ( 1 ) the heat capacity and the spin susceptibility of the normal metallic small particles ; ( 2 ) the heat capacity of the conventional metallic small particles at the low temperature using the mean field approximation method ; ( 3 ) the heat capacity of the conventional metallic small particles at the vicinity of the critical temperature using the static path approximation method

本文採用隨機矩陣理論，計算了： （ 1 ）正常態金屬小粒子的電子熱容和順磁磁化率。 （ 2 ）在平均場近似下，計算了超導金屬小粒子低溫區的電子熱容。 （ 3 ）在靜態路徑近似下，計算了超導金屬小粒子轉變溫區的電子熱容。

However, in the view of the results of research in application of adsorption refrigeration, the solid adsorption refrigeration technique remains undeveloped, and because of low refrigeration efficiency, the high cost and the low heat utilization ratio and together with some other disadvantages, the adsorption refrigeration has not reached the level of industrialization yet so the author chose the urgent and critical problem in the application technique of adsorption refrigeration as the research target for the - developing the well - performing adsorbent - adsorbate working pairs

然而，從吸附製冷實用化研究成果來看，固體吸附製冷技術還不夠成熟，存在著單位吸附劑的製冷功率低，系統造價高，熱利用率低等問題，尚未達到工業化水平。為此，本文選擇目前在吸附製冷技術應用開發中亟待進一步解決的關鍵技術? 「開發性能優良的吸附製冷工質對」作為研究目標。

The calculations axe based on the equation of current motion with temperature and field - dependent critical current density, and the heat dissipation produced by flux motion in the normal state region and the superconducting state region

此計算基於電流運動方程，考慮到電流密度是溫度和磁場的函數，考慮到在正常區和超導區由磁通運動產生的熱耗散。

Using the scaling law, we know the critical exponent of specific heat too

並利用標度律求出了比熱臨界指數。

Development of plate - fin internal heat exchanger for trans - critical co2 automotive air conditioning system

2汽車空調系統的板翅式內部換熱器設計

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

The extreme values of the local steam content in steam generating tubes from the furnace side are shown in fig. 2. as is seen, the critical heat flux levels corresponding to them can reduce to real values in these cases, especially when their mentioned increase in transient processes is taken into account

極值的地方蒸汽量蒸汽發生器管子從爐側列圖.不應純粹是見過的臨界熱流水平相應可以減少實際值在這種情況下，特別是當他們提到增加，在暫態過程中考慮進去

An analytical and experimental study has been made of the critical heat flux ( chf ) of natural convective boiling on uniformly heated inner tubes in vertical annular tubes submerged in staurated liquids

摘要採用管內汽液均相流模型，對豎直套管內的自然對流沸騰最大熱通量（ chf ）進行理論解析並提出了簡化的理論計算公式。

Considering the relationship between the phenomena of critical heat flux ( chf ) and the safety of nuclear reactor, the research of chf on experiment and theory has been carried in detail

由於臨界熱流密度（ chf ）與反應堆安全密切相關，所以人們從實驗和理論上都已經對該現象進行了廣泛的研究。

At present, the study of water in smooth helical tube, of which the main work is about critical heat flux ( chf ), is the primary concern of the research about the two - phase flow and heat transfer in curved pipe

目前螺旋管內兩相流動傳熱研究主要以光滑螺旋管內的兩相流動傳熱為主，其研究重點為臨界熱流密度（ chf ） ，但對製冷劑在微肋螺旋管內兩相流動傳熱還鮮見報道。