cryogen 中文意思是什麼

The former is to gain refrigeration volume through the process of adsorbing adsorbate ( cryogen ) by adsorbents ; while in desiccant cooling, solid adsorbent is used to remove the moisture from the surrounding

吸附式製冷是利用固體吸附劑對吸附質（製冷劑）的吸附過程而獲得冷量的。吸附除濕製冷是用固體吸附劑將空氣中的水蒸汽部分除去，並與蒸發冷卻等技術結合，達到製冷效果的製冷方法。

The dissertation shows how a series of well - performing composite adsorbents that prepared by author suitable for the features of adsorption refrigeration are gained by using water and ethanol as cryogen ( adsorbate ), which cause no harm to body and environment. the performance of the working pairs of water or ethanol with the composite adsorbents in the refrigeration through adsorption and desiccant cooling are thoroughly examined by experiments. the dissertation also examines, through energy analysis, the refrigeration efficiency and utilization ratio of the adsorption refrigeration, and analyzes the economic potential of the adsorption air - conditioning

以對人體無傷害、對環境無污染的水和乙醇作為吸附製冷工質，研製出適合於吸附製冷特點的性能優良的一系列復合吸附劑；對水或乙醇與自製復合吸附劑組成的製冷工質對的吸附式製冷和吸附除濕製冷的性能進行了深入的實驗研究；用有效能分析方法討論了吸附製冷循環的製冷效率和能量的利用率；對吸附式空調的經濟性進行了分析。

The primary results showed : using m199 as diluents containing 20 % bovine serum, it is better to freeze the cells slowly freezing at fist then increase freezing speed ( for example, from 0 to - 6 freezing speed is about - 0. 05 a minute, from - 6 to - 40, freezing speed is about - 0. 5 a minute ), studies on effect of various concentration of dmso demonstrate that about 12. 5 % dmso gave the highest post - thaw percentage of viable cells. the concentration of bovine serum had no different effect on the percentage of the viable embryo cells of misgurnus auguillicaudatus. the embryo cells derived 6 from the later stage of blastula offish is more resistant to the cryogen than the cells of early stage of blastula. the cells preserved in liquid nitrogen at - 196 were thawed and cultivated, a few cells were found adhere to the surface of culture vessel when the percentage of viable cell was more than 30 %. the cells in only two culture vessels were found to proliferated and gave rise to many small morphologically undifferentiated cells

研究初步表明:以細胞培養液m199 （含2既的小牛血清，常規量雙抗）為凍存稀釋液對泥鰍胚胎細胞冷凍保存宜採取先慢后快的方式（例如，從0一一6 ，凍存速度為一0 . 05 / min ，再以一0 . 5 / min的速度從一6一一40 ） ; dmso的保護效應濃度為12 . 506左右;小牛血清的濃度對泥鰍胚胎細胞的成活率影響不明顯;囊胚晚期細胞抗凍性比中早期強;通過對不同批次的凍存細胞解凍培養，解凍后成活率為30 %以上細胞培養數天後均有少數細胞貼壁，但只發現兩瓶培養細胞有明顯增殖現象產生許多未分化的小細胞。

Hydrotropic solution of calcium chloride is the important cryogen for refrigerator and ice making. it is also a good anti - freeze agent and agglomerating agent in construction for concrete hardening and cold hardiness of sand mortar

氯化鈣水溶液是冷凍機用和製冰用的重要致冷劑，基建上能加速混凝土的硬化和增加建築砂漿的耐寒能力，是優良的建築防凍劑凝結劑。

When the surface temperature during laser illumination reached 36 - 45, a 30 - 100 m / sec cryogen spurt was delivered

利用紅外線溫度檢測回饋系統來控製冷媒噴射出的時間。

When a cryogen spurt is applied to the skin surface for an appropriately short period of time ( on the order of milliseconds ), the cooling remains localized in the epidermis, while leaving the temperature of the deeper vessels of hemangiomas unchanged

摘要激光治療血管瘤成功的先決條件是經由選擇性光熱效應破壞皮下擴張的血管而不造成表皮的傷害。

The technology of uncooled infrared focal plane arrays ( fpa ) is a new developing way for wide commercial applications and military applications, for it owns the advantages of light weight, no need of cryogen, low cost and so on

由於非致冷紅外焦平面陣列系統具有重量輕、無需致冷、成本低等優點，有廣泛的軍用和民用市場，因而這項技術是一個行之有效的發展新方向。

Second, the starting and stopping behaviors under disturbed condition are analyzed and calculated by using the dynamic concentrative parameter model, which gives some advice to better prescribe refrigeration system and set theoretic foundation for carrying out automatic control of refrigeration system. third, the normal running process is analyzed and calculated by means of rational matching theory, which gives some advice on how to better understand the parameter change under steady state and the affection of inlet - parameter on evaporator. fourth, the simulation software with dynamic characteristic is designed, which can be applied to calculate thernio - parameter of cryogen, air humidity and frost thickness under different initial and boundary conditions, and to carry out dynamic simulation under conditions of dryness, wetness and frostiness, at the same time, to achieve detection and simulation at any stage from starting to stopping

本文的主要內容如下： 1 ）對翅片管蒸發器結構特點進行分析，選取適當的微元控制體，就干、濕和霜工況下對每個微元分別進行傳熱傳質分析，基於經驗關系式確定霜的有關參數，對于霜工況下的霜生長建立模型，經適當假設，運用質量守恆、能量守恆和動量守恆方程建立適合動態模擬的蒸發器數學模型，為系統模擬奠定基礎； 2 ）對蒸發在大擾動下的開、停機過程，運用動態集中參數模型進行分析和計算，為更好地描述製冷系統運行的全過程奠定基礎，同時也為製冷系統實現自動控制提供一定的理論基礎； 3 ）對蒸發器正常運行過程，運用動態分佈參數和參數間定量耦合的觀點來分析和計算，為更好地了解穩態工況下各點參數的變化情況及各入口參數對蒸發器動態特性的影響即蒸發器性能對各參數變化的敏感性； 4 ）編寫翅片管蒸發器動態特性模擬計算程序，可以計算不同邊界條件和初始條件下的製冷劑熱力參數、空氣溫濕度和霜厚度分佈場，實現對翅片管蒸發器在干、濕和霜工況下的動態模擬。

The thesis focuses on the development of the dynamic simulation model of evaporators, the accomplishment of the stable and dynamic simulation of the parameters of cryogen - side, air - side and how to carry out dynamic simulation on the refrigerating effect of evaporators under different evaporating temperature and the realization of the analyses and calculations of the main parameters, such as, the wind speed of air - side and specific humidity etc, which affect the function of evaporators

本文重點是對蒸發器建立動態模擬模型，並對製冷劑側和空氣側參數進行穩態和動態模擬，同時對蒸發器在不同蒸發溫度下的製冷量進行了動態模擬，而且對影響蒸發器性能的主要參數（空氣側入口風速、入口含濕量等）進行了分析和計算。