economic constraints 中文意思是什麼
economic constraints
解釋
經濟約束- economic : adj. 1. 經濟學的；經濟（上）的；實用的。2. 〈罕用語〉經濟的，節儉的。3. 〈委婉語〉故意隱瞞的。
- constraints : 變動極限
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Plans embody attempts by planners to alter the shape of the future, in line with the economic possibilities and constraints contained in economic models.
計劃體現著計劃者按照經濟的可能性和經濟模型中的制約因素改變將來面貌的意圖。 -
Secondly, over - emphasis on the economic development led to the absence of constitutional constraints of economic activities which brought many social and political problems and forced the ccp to make new amendments of the chinese constitution. finally, progresses reflected in certain articles of the chinese constitution will generate more contractual constraints on the ccp and the state, and as the promisee, whether and to what extents the ccp will put these new articles into effect are becoming a big challenge of its legitimacy
與此同時，政策性修憲所體現出來的「先發展后規范」的改革路徑，導致了改革是在缺乏既定的憲法性約束，甚至是在違憲的條件下展開的，從而引發了一系列的社會問題，這就進一步推動執政黨和國家以修憲的方式應對新的權利要求。 -
Irreasonable tcchnical inspection and quarantine barriers has led to two main questions : macroeconomic constraints on the growth of china ' s export trade, is not conducive to the establishment of one of the troika to expand exports to stimulate domestic economic development strategies ; on the part of micro - enterprises in foreign trade was hard hit
國外不合理檢驗檢驗制度宏觀上制約了我國出口貿易的增長，不利於我國建立以三架馬車之一的擴大外貿出口以帶動國內經濟的發展戰略;微觀上則使一部分外貿企業進出口受到很大的打擊。 -
But, the course of chinese industrialization is always confined by the pressure of population and agriculture farm - operation, which cause dual constraints to the relationship of agriculture and industry with economic development
但是，中國的工業化進程始終受制於人口壓力以及在此背景下農業的家庭經營，造成了工農業關系與經濟發展的兩重約束。 -
It is observed that : ( a ) it is extremely difficult to have the planning aimed at being either ecological or economic optimum ， i. e. planning is not a process determined absolutely in terms of environmental and economic criteria ， but rather a defensible one. ( b ) there are some “ ultimate ” or “ absolute ” constraints ， which the planning has to come to terms with ， but these constraints are hardly definable or acceptable
本文指出：以經濟最優化和生態最適模式指導規劃都是非常局限和困難的，規劃決不是一個環境和經濟決定論的過程，而是一個可辯護的過程；環境可能會對發展產生所謂的「頂極的」 「絕對的」制約，對此，規劃必須服從。 -
To accomplish the above goal with today s economic constraints is difficult
在現今極不利的經濟條件下，要達到上述目標並不容易。 -
The challenges in the last respect mirror the institutional constraints due to wto accession to china ' s foreign - related economy, while the challenges in the other respects are stemming from the effects of wto accession on china ' s economic operation
其中前三方面的挑戰，源於「入世」在中國經濟運行層面上造成的影響；第四方面的挑戰，則類屬于「入世」在制度規范層面上給中國涉外經濟帶來的約束。 -
The main work of this paper was as fellows : ( 1 ) generalized the development of pre - stressed steel structure in our nation and abroad, and pointed out the main problem in practice ; ( 2 ) presented the mechanism of pre - stressed steel structure and revealed its applicable range ; ( 3 ) established the optimization design model for pre - stressed steel structure, which accounts for constraints on stresses and displacements of structure ; ( 4 ) brought forward the optimization design method, which combined linear programming and the principle of full restriction, through which we can obtain the magnitude of each time pre - stress and the optimized sections of each members of structure ; ( 5 ) analyzed the best times of pre - stress and pointed out that 2 ~ 3 times is preferable ; ( 6 ) conducted optimization design on large - space steel roof, horizontal parallel steel truss with local cables, horizontal parallel steel truss with global cable, and ultra - static steel truss, the result of which indicated that the multiple pre - stress structure is very economic ; ( 7 ) compared different schemes of cable placement for horizontal parallel steel truss, and the results showed that the local cable only unloaded the second girders, but had no response on the first girders and stomach poles, while global cable could unload the second girders and the stomach poles outside of turning point of cable, thus proving that global cable is more economic than local - cable
本文的主要工作是：對國內外預應力鋼結構的發展歷史及現狀作了綜述和總結，指出當前預應力鋼結構工程實踐中存在的主要問題；闡述了預應力鋼結構的受力機理，並指出預應力鋼結構的適用范圍和特點；在考慮結構應力和變位約束的條件下，建立預應力鋼結構優化設計模型；提出多次預應力鋼結構優化設計方法和步驟，採用線性規劃和滿約束準則相結合的優化方法，可優化設計出施加的每一級預應力的大小，並得到結構各部分的優化截面；對多次預應力最佳的施加次數作了分析，並建議以2 3次為宜；為驗證文中理論和方法，分別對大跨多次預應力鋼屋架、局部布索的水平平行弦鋼桁架、整體布索的水平平行弦鋼桁架和局部布索的超靜定鋼桁架等算例進行了優化設計，經濟效益明顯；對水平平行弦鋼桁架的幾種施加預應力的方案進行比較，對于局部布索，預應力只對下弦起到卸載作用，對上弦和腹桿基本不起作用；而整體布索預應力除對下弦卸載外，對索折點以外部分腹桿也起到卸載作用，經濟效益好於局部布索。 -
Application of dynamic regression economic prediction model based on constraints conditions
基於約束的動態回歸經濟預測模型與應用研究 -
In this study, the author described the status and the constraints of agricultural extension system in guanyun county through the review of the reform process of agricultural extension system from the situation of planning economic based to economic market oriented system in guanyuan county, and also put forward some recommendation at end of the paper for further improvement based on the finding of the study
本文研究的目的是通過對灌雲縣農技推廣體系發展歷史和改革過程進行全面調查的基礎上，總結、歸納、分析其現狀和問題，揭示發展規律，判斷發展方向，因此而提出深化縣級農技推廣體系改革的基本設想，為有關領導部門制定相關政策和決策提供參考依據。 -
The developing phases, marked by shortage of goods and focus of quantity have ended. at present, chinese agriculture has entered a new stage of development, from the number of constraints on supply and demand of agricultural products to the constraints on the quality, from quantity of agricultural products to the rural economy by pursuing economic efficiency. this change urges requirement to upgrade the level and quality of agricultural development to enhance agricultural competitiveness by standardization in the market
以短缺經濟和數量擴張為主要特徵的發展階段已經結束，買方市場已經全面形成，人們對絕大多數農產品已有較大范圍的選擇權;人們生活水平不斷提高，農產品消費結構逐步優化，農產品消費在總體上已由量的滿足階段向質的提高階段，對綠色農產品質量要求不斷提高。 -
Some experts said they believed that china faced obstacles, including environmental problems and resource constraints, rising labor costs, imbalanced foreign trade, economic restructuring and an incomplete social security network
有些專家說，他們認為中國面臨很多困難，比如：環境問題、資源的限制、勞動力價格上升、外貿的不平衡、經濟的重組和不完善的社會保障網路。 -
However, economic globalization comes to challenge the national tax sovereign and also imposes constraints on the using national tax policy independently
但同時，經濟全球化也對一國的稅收主權帶來了挑戰，並限制了政府獨立運用稅收政策的能力。 -
Resource constraints and regional economic convergence on the basis of observation on resource scarcity and resource allocation power
基於資源稀缺性與資源配置力的考察 -
Urban design plans could identify specific economic, social and physical constraints and opportunities of planned programmes and projects at district
城市設計圖可為各個地區已規劃的項目和工程，訂定明確的經濟、社會及自然面貌各方面的限制和發展機會。 -
Faustmann - hartman forest resource model of economic and environmental benefits has been selected to study the economic compensation issues on environmental benefits, economic incentives are used to encourage the owners or / and managers of watershed forest resources to manage their forests for natural preservation, in the meantime, all stakeholders - the owners, managers, policy - decision - makers, investors and beneficiaries and losers will learn the opportunities and constraints of watershed forest resource management. the research will be meaningful to decision - making for compensation fee institution for environmental benefits
本研究應用綜合考慮經濟效益與環境效益的faustmann - hartman森林資源模型，研究水源涵養林環境效益的經濟補償問題，以創建經濟激勵機制促進水源涵養林所有者或經營者採取有益於自然保護的生產經營方式，並促進各利益相關者? ?水源涵養林所有者、經營者、政策制定者、投資者、水源涵養林環境服務的受益者、和環境退化的受損失者等了解投資於水源涵養林環境服務的機會與問題，同時也為我國森林環境效益補償制度的制定和實施提供決策依據，只有重要的理論和現實意義。 -
Then the unit models are combined into a super structure network model for mass integration. the network model includes matrices of data, environmental or economic constraints and objective functions
本文提出了物質集成模型的變量表達方法，分析了物質集成模型的約束條件和目標函數，最終構建了物質集成的一般性方法。 -
As developing countries suffer from economic constraints with their infrastructure and management, the international community should provide the financial, technical and managerial assistance necessary to them
發展中國家自身經濟實力有限，基礎設施和管理水平還有待完善，國際社會應在資金，技術和管理等方面向它們提供必要的幫助。 -
Advances in health care technology have imposed great demand on the need to update knowledge and skills. under the present climate of economic constraints and increasing demands for improving the health care system, new approaches and innovative practice are needed
醫療科技的進步促使護理人員不斷更新其知識和技巧，加上目前經濟困境、及對改善醫療服務的迫切需求，革新護理措施和運作是必須的。 -
Based on theoretical analysis and evidences from reality, the author achieved three basic conclusions. firstly, although the direct cause responsible for amending chinese constitution is the policy change of the chinese communist party ( ccp ), the constitutional protection for the individual economic activities led to the re - allotting of the property right between the state and the society, and bred two great changes of the relationship of state - society : the shrinkage of the control areas of the state over the society and the enhancement of economic constraints of the society on the state
通過研究我們發現，盡管修憲的直接動力和現實目的是適應執政黨和國家的政策調整，但以個體經濟入憲為起點，憲法對社會資源所有權在國家與社會之間的重新調整，引發了國家與社會關系發生了兩種看似矛盾的重大轉變，即國家對社會控制范圍的收縮和社會對國家經濟約束力的增強，進而推動了公民權利意識的覺醒，促進了多元權利社會的興起。
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