economics of environment 中文意思是什麼

economics of environment 解釋
環境經濟學
  • economics : n. 1. 經濟學。2. （國家的）經濟（狀況）；經濟。
  • of : OF ＝Old French 古法語。
  • environment : n. 1. 周圍，圍繞。2. 圍繞物；環境，四周，外界。3. 環境藝術作品；環境戲劇（cf. environmental art）。
  1. Hesperian economics ignored the distinction between the different estate ' s benefit structure and the potence structure, virtually, social member ' s choice is achieved in process of learning from each other, at the same time, impel the institution innovation, form the institution change environment in next phase

    西方經濟學忽視社會不同階層利益結構與權力結構上的差別，事實上社會成員的選擇是在相互學習的過程中完成的，並推動制度創新，構成下一階段的制度變遷環境。
  2. Because that historical environment take on complexity and unstability, architecture take on multiplicity, involved bound expand, the architecture indite under the historical environment not only based on knowledge of architecture, city planning, sight environment, but also from the point of view with sociology, history, zoology, economics, aesthetics, environment psychology and body engineering, analyse the

    歷史環境由於具有復雜性，不穩定性，建築創作又具有多樣性，涉及的范圍極廣，使歷史環境下的建築創作研究不僅要以建築學，城市規劃學，景觀環境學的專業知識為基礎，還須從社會學，歷史學，生態學，經濟學，美學，環境心理學，人體工程學等各相關學科的角度，分析其對建築創作的影響和要求，並綜合考慮。
  3. With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible

    本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。
  4. In the process of developing seashore ecotourism, such theories as sustainable development, oceanology, landscape ecology, eco - capacity, environment economics, etc. should be aptly used to conduct the practice of tourism development. furthermore, the notions of development such as environment ethnics, clean production, and ecology friendship, etc. should be comprehensively introduced and the method of systematicness should be adapted to develop ecotourism. thus the thesis composes the ecotourism model on the abovementioned basis

    在海濱生態旅遊開發過程中，必須運用可持續發展理論、海洋科學理論、景觀生態學理論、生態承載力理論、環境經濟學等理論指導旅遊開發實踐，尤其要全面導入了環境倫理、清潔生產和生態友好等發展理念，並用系統思維的方法來進行生態旅遊開發，在此基礎上作者提出了生態旅遊系統模型。
  5. Based on theories and methods of ecological economics, we explain the functions of ecosystem services in chengdu city, sichuan province of china such as conditioning climate, fixing carbon and releasing oxygen, preserving soil, keeping waterhead, purifying environment, and restraining noises, and estimate the economic value of it

    摘要運用生態經濟學原理與方法，闡釋了成都市生態系統調節氣候、固碳釋氧、保持土壤、涵養水源、凈化環境和減弱噪聲等生態服務功能，對其經濟價值進行評估。
  6. It is an important study - subject to improve the business accounting reports of our country. based on the environment of china social economics and starting - point to meet information demand of information user, connected to international accounting conventions the paper studies the basic theories of accounting reports which contain the development of business accounting reports in order to seek the limitation existed current business accounting reports of our country. so, it improves the structure of business accounting reports and report forms, and makes the accounting reports become better

    本文立足於中國社會經濟環境，以滿足信息需求者的信息需求為出發點，深入剖析我國現行企業會計報告存在的局限性，對制約我國企業會計報告發展的會計基本理論問題進行深入研究，在此基礎上改進了我國企業會計報告的結構和報告方式，從而彌補其局限性，也為如何構建比較完善的企業會計報告模式提供新思路。
  7. The development of international trade helps to distribute resources worldwide rationally and effectively, thus pushes global economics forward, at the same time, it provides environment protection more financial support and better technological assistance. however, the negative effect trade imposes on environment cannot be omitted as the scale of international trade enlarges, over - exploitation of natural resources worsens ecological environment. transboundary movements of hazardous wastes even deteriorate the environment of developing countries

    國際貿易的發展使世界資源獲得更為合理有效的配置，推動了世界經濟的快速發展，也為環境保護提供了更多的資金和先進的技術，然而其對環境保護的負面影響也同樣不容忽視，隨著國際貿易規模的日益擴大，對自然資源的過度開發加劇了生態環境的破壞，危險廢物的越境轉移使得發展中國家的環境狀況進一步惡化。
  8. According to the information provided in the case and collected by the writer, the article applies " michuel e. porter, how competitive forces shape strategy ", " swot analysis ", " fredrick herzberg ' s two - factor theory of motivation ", " customer value appraisal model " and the theory of organization behavior, management economics, service marketing, human resource, etc to analyses the industry environment, operation situation, resource of the development district bank. then it points out the problem existent and in the end, it draws out a detailed strategy for development district branch for future development

    案例分析部分，根據案例正文部分提供的素材和作者收集的其他有關資料，運用5種競爭壓力模型、 swot分析、雙因素理論、客戶價值評價體系等方法，結合組織行為學、管理經濟學、服務營銷學、人力資源學等理論知識，對開發區支行的行業環境、經營狀況、資源狀況進行了分析，指出了該行存在的問題，最後對開發區支行未來幾年的發展戰略作了詳細的規劃。
  9. In this paper, the in - depth study on the evolution of information support system is carried out applying the theory of systematical dynamics and economics through four dynamic elements, those are the advance of science and technology, the development of economy, the management mode and the need of the custom, the different information support systems for all kinds of production model are summarized, and the four dynamical elements and distinctive operation environment are mainly discussed, and the features are analyzed : it is a multi - organization information system which is driven by the information of the customer ' s needs

    論文運用系統動力學、經濟學等理論，深入地研究了信息體系發展的動力模型，指出經濟發展是驅動力、管理方式是原動力、技術進步是推動力、顧客需求為拉動力，共同作用導致信息體系的演進。在綜述不同生產方式下應用的信息支撐體系的基礎上，重點分析了支撐mc運作的信息支撐體系的四種動力和具體運行環境。從而界定了該系統的性質和特點：跨組織信息體系以及客戶個性化需求信息驅動的信息體系。
  10. As long as crude oils are produced offshore and transported across the seas by ships or pipelines, there is a risk of oil spills with the potential to cause significant environmental damage. the " exxon valdez " incident in alaska, and other oil spills in recent years, have demonstrated high risk and damage to the local economics and environment caused by oil pollution

    隨著對海洋石油資源的大力開發和全球海上石油運輸量的持續增長，溢油事故發生的頻率越來越高，溢油規模也越來越大，溢油事故的發生，不但給當地漁業、水產養殖業、旅遊業等造成經濟損失，也嚴重損害了海洋以及海岸的自然環境和生態環境。
  11. As one of the foundations of nation economics, industry creates abundant of fortune. but it also is the important origin of environment problem as well as resources consumption

    作為人類社會向前發展的幾大支柱之一，製造業一方面創造了極其豐富的物資財富，另一方面它又大量地消耗資源、污染環境。
  12. The thesis discusses the sources of environmental problems from the aspects of environment economics, and probes into the rationality of the environmental economic legal system

    本論文從環境經濟學角度論述了環境問題產生的根源，探討利用經濟法律手段保護環境資源、促進可持續發展的合理性。
  13. In 1980 ' s, a new economic field - eco - economics - births. it provides the direction of society developments the ecosystem economics thinks the economic system is the second stage system of ecosystem or sub - system of environment, emphasizing mankind social economic activities have to obey natural ecosystem regulation, limiting economic scale in the resources supply of ecosystem system and the ability of wastes modulation

    生態經濟觀認為經濟系統是生態系統或環境的亞系統或子系統（ sub - system ） ，強調人類社會經濟活動必須服從自然生態規律，將經濟規模限制在生態系統的資源供給和廢棄物調節能力之內，以維護生態系統結構和功能的穩定性，從而保證人類社會的生命支持基礎和社會經濟的可持續發展。
  14. The internal environment of the group is evaluated by using internal factor evaluation matrix, it is considered that the group has many advantages such as powerful design ability, abundant land reserves, economics of scale etc. and many disadvantages such as limited capital, lack of professional, infirm cost control ability etc. in the thesis, the orientation of scale, grade and area, target market and target client for real estate business of the group is determined on the basis of internal and external environment analyses. swot analyzing model is constructed and quantitative strategic planning matrix is used to analyze and choose the competition strategy which modern group co. may adopted. finally, the competition strategy combination of taking differential strategy as main strategy and target concentrated strategy as auxiliary strategy is determined for real estate business of the group

    再次，分析了當代集團在房地產領域發展具備的基本條件，運用內部要素評價（ ife ）矩陣對當代集團的內部環境進行綜合評價，認為當代集團擁有設計能力強、土地儲備豐富、實現了規模經濟等優勢，同時也存在資金實力有限、專業人才不足、成本控制能力不強等劣勢，論文在內外部環境分析的基礎上，對當代集團的房地產業務規模、檔次與區域，目標市場及目標客戶群進行了定位分析，構建了當代集團房地產業務的swot分析模型，運用定量規劃評價矩陣（ qspm ）對當代集團房地產競爭戰略進行了選擇分析，確定以差異化戰略為主、重點集中戰略為輔的競爭戰略組合。
  15. First, a lot of data is obtained by the small - scale experimental scheme designed by us. and established the foundation for further application, after analysis of the them in detail, biomass utilization have many profile in the aspect of environment, economics and society. during the process of gasification or cracking tar is the byproduct inevitably, which has many disadvantages

    首先，在小型的研究試驗臺上，進行了一系列精密的試驗，獲得了大量的數據，並對數據進行整理和詳細的分析通過試驗研究，對生物質制取的中熱值燃氣地性能指標，使之達到了可商業化水平；為今後使該技術應用於氣化發電奠定了良好基礎。
  16. Economics assessment models try to value population, society, resources, environment and over - loss of resources and pollution of environment into money, but it has many disadvantages. first, market price can not really reflect the scarcity of resources

    經濟學評價模型試圖把人口、社會、資源、環境以及資源的過渡損耗和環境污染等因素以貨幣的形式表達;但是，貨幣化技術在評價區域資源約束時存在著不足? ?市場價格不能真實反映資源的價值。
  17. To explore the structure and relationship of regional sustainable development system, this thesis uses theories of environment economics, resources economics, sustainable development theory, regional economics, industrial economics and econometrics ? ? multiply subject as surrounding theoretical knowledge, uses sustainable development thought as guide line, uses the affection of sustainability of recourses and environment to the economy and the geographical feature of the factor which effect the development of regional economy as theoretical rational factor, takes regional sustainable development system as stop point, takes ev - r - ec i - o model as the tools, takes industrial adjustment as method and takes improving the economy development rapidly, steadily and harmony as main goal to theoretical and demonstration research

    為探索區域可持續發展系統的結構關系，本文綜合環境經濟學，資源經濟學，可持續發展理論，區域經濟學，產業經濟學，計量經濟學等多學科的理論預備知識;以可持續發展思想為指導，以區域經濟發展條件中的環境、資源可持續性對經濟發展的影響，以及可持發展系統要素的地域性為理論依據;以區域可持續發展系統為立足點;以ev - r - ec投入產出模型為分析工具;以產業結構調整為手段，以促進現階段區域經濟快速，平穩，協調發展的目標，進行了理論和實證研究。
  18. From the analysis of traffic flow of huang - huang expressway, the paper reveals the problems of operating administration and trends of traffic flow of huang - huang expressway, reviews and references the advanced experiences of expressway operating administration of national expressway department and overseas, studies and sums the problems including of operating environment, traffic accident, roll standard, system of perform laws, population of environment, scale of the service zone and " holiday economics ", puts forward the suggestion of perfecting operating system, reforming roll manner and practicing comprehensive performing laws

    本文從黃黃高速公路交通流特性分析角度出發，分析了黃黃公路運營管理的現狀、存在的問題和未來發展趨勢，在總結和借鑒國內國外高速公路運營管理經驗的基礎上，對高速公路運營環境、交通事故、收費標準、執法體制、環境污染、服務區規模以及在國家經濟運行中新出現的經濟現象如「假日經濟」等若干運營管理問題進行較深入地研究和探討。提出了完善運行保障系統、改革收費標準制定模式、實行綜合執法等建議。
  19. This is a study on how system of law affects allocation of resources and leading reform and perfect economy system in market allocation of resources. it set up a set of environment of effective allocation resources through law and economics in mdrket allocation of resources

    資源市場化配置的法學分析是研究法律制度如何對資源配置活動產生影響，以引導改革和完善資源配置的經濟制度，把資源配置活動建立在有效的運行環境之中。
  20. Integrating political economics, economics of environment, ecological economics, economics of development, institutional economics, circulate economics, the strategy of sustainable development, green economics and other theories concerning economic development, environmental protection and government action. . etc, using the method combined with the normal analysis and demonstration, and

    （ 4 ）環境管理的新模式是發揮政府主導地位的同時，重視利用市場經濟手段和公眾參與的作用，形成政府引導、市場推動、公眾廣泛參與的新環保體制。
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