ecosystem 中文意思是什麼

The concept of the ecosystem differs from that of the community in that more emphasis is placed on abiotic factors

生態系統的概念不同於群落，群落更強調非生命的因素。

They are jinfo mountain in nanchuan county ( natural protection section ), wuling mountain in qianjiang county ( national emphases forest demonstration county which forest cover rate is beyond 50 % ) and zhongliang mountain in beibei county ( artificial destruction is very grave ). some main land use patterns i. e. woodland, garden, infield, abandon infield, shrub and grassplot are selected in those three sample sites. four aspects on soil fertility index of karst environment under different land use patterns in these three sample sites, are revealed in this paper, by using the field test, indoor measure and analysis, outdoor experiment and field investigation, and the knowledge and technique of soil, ecology, physics and chemistry etc. they are physical characteristic ( effective soil thickness, organic layer thickness, soil texture, water - stable aggregate and soil water etc. ), chemical fertility ( organism, omni - n, omni - p, omni - k, alkali - nitrogen, available p, available k and rapid available k etc. ), soil animalcule ( bacteria, fungi, actinomyces and their grosses ) and soil - seed - pool ( plant community diversity index ) in karst ecosystem

本研究以重慶市的南川金佛山（自然保護區） 、黔江武陵山（國家重點退耕還林示範縣，森林覆蓋率50以上）和北碚中梁山（遭人為破壞嚴重）典型巖溶區為對象，選擇了幾種重要的利用方式，包括林地、果園、耕地、棄耕地和灌草坡，採用野外巖溶生態調查和室內試驗測量分析相結合的方法，以不同土地利用方式巖溶土壤肥力為重點，對不同土地利用方式土壤肥力特徵進行量化分析，找出巖溶土壤肥力差異的主要方面及其根本原因，論文主要從土壤剖面物理退化指標（有效土層厚度、有機質層厚度、質地、團聚體、水分含量等） ，化學肥力退化指標（有機質、全n 、全p 、全k 、堿解n 、速效p和速效k等） ，樣地土壤微生物指標（細菌、真菌、放線菌數量及總量）以及樣地土壤種子庫植物群落多樣性等4個方面對重慶典型巖溶區的土壤肥力特徵進行了較為詳細的分析研究，為巖溶地區士壤資源的合理利用及結構的調控管理提供依據。

The nitrogen fixation in alpine meadow ecosystem is mainly accomplished by anaerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria. both ammonification and nitrification are the highest in 0 cm 10 cm soil depth

從不同植被類型土壤的表層中各生理群菌數的平均值來看，反硝化細菌的數量最高，嫌氣性自生固氮菌次之，再次為氨化菌和硝化菌。

The population distribution of physiological groups of bacteria ， including ammonifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, nitrobacteria and nitroso bacteria, organic phosphate dissolving bacteria and inorganic phosphate dissolving bacteria in water body and sediment of suzhou creek are studied with mpn and flat account method from jan. 2002 to mar. 2003. the role of these physiological groups of bacteria in suzhou creek aquatic ecosystem is discussed

用最大可能數（ mpn ）法和平板計數法，於2002年1月2003年3月對蘇州河水體和底泥中的主要微生物功能菌群? ?包括有機磷分解菌、無機磷分解菌、氨化菌、亞硝化菌、硝化菌和反硝化菌等進行了生態調查，並分析探討了它們在蘇州河水生態系統中的作用。

Using cd, cu, zn and cr as experimental toxicants and crucian as experimental creature, we employed the environmental biotechniques ( flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the method of improved pyrogallol autoxidation and electron microscopy ) to study the acute toxicity and secure concentrations of heavy metals to crucian ; the accumulation and distribution of mixed heavy metals to fingling crucian ; the activities of superoxide dismutase ( sod ) of gill and liver tissues and the hispathological and ultrastructural change of superfine structure of liver and kidney of crucian after cadmium exposure. through which, we intended to fully and systemically study the toxic influence of heavy metals to fish, and preliminarily discuss the influence of heavy metals pollution to the diversified level of fish such as individual, organ, tissue, cell and molecule. thus we tried to provide scientific evidence to establish preventative management measures, avoid and relieve the harm of heavy metals pollution to aquicolous ecosystem in time

隨后以這幾種重金屬作為實驗毒物，以鯽魚為實驗動物，應用環境生物技術、火焰原子吸收分光光度法、鄰苯三酚自氧化法、透射電鏡等技術研究了重金屬cu 、 zn 、 cd和cr對鯽魚的急性毒性及其安全濃度評價、混合重金屬在鯽魚幼體組織內的積累和分佈、 cd對鯽魚鰓和肝臟中sod活性的影響、 cd對鯽魚肝細胞和腎細胞超微結構的影響等，全面和系統地研究了水環境中重金屬暴露對魚類的毒性影響，初步探討了重金屬污染對魚類的個體? ?器官? ?組織? ?細胞? ?分子等各水平層次的影響，為制定漁業生產上預防性的管理措施提供科學依據，及時避免或減輕重金屬污染對水生生態系統造成的損害。

The severe sand dust not only has great effects on the quality of atmosphere environment in cities and on people ' s health, but also can be transported by northwest current to the sea, and exert baneful effects on marine ecosystem

強沙塵天氣不僅對城市大氣環境質量和人體健康產生影響，而且會經西北氣流向海洋輸送和沉降，對海洋中營養鹽的供給和海洋生態系統造成影響。

And the benthos ecosystem also shows a seasonal cycle. the biomass of macrobenthos is higher in autumn while that of meiobenthos tends to be higher in both spring and autumn

黃海冷水團水域大型底棲動物生物量秋季比較大，而小型底棲動物生物量存在春、秋兩季的高值。

The understanding of biogeochemical cycle of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur elements in nature ecosystem have increased substantially in the past two decades owing to the improvement of gas isotope ratio mass spectrometer and the wide application of isotopic studies with these elements

摘要近20年由於氣相同位素比值質譜儀的改良和氫、氧、碳、氮和硫等穩定同位素的廣泛研究，穩定同位素的研究技術已實質增加我們對于這些元素在自然生態系中生地化循環的了解。

Regional ecosystem types, such as grass land, desert, and deciduous forest, are called biomes.

地區的生態系統，例如草原、荒漠和落葉林又被稱為生物帶。

We use integrated research approach combining studies of ecosystem processes, remote sensing, gis, and computer modeling, to analyze and quantify ecosystem dynamics of major biomes of china in the context of global change. our researches are multidisciplinary, and focusing on terrestrial ecosystem processes at multiple - scales

以陸地生態系統學為指導學科，綜合多尺度生態系統過程檢測與分析、遙感和gis技術應用、計算機模型模擬，研究和預測全球變化背景下區域生態系統結構及其功能的變化趨勢。

" longdao no. 3 " bred from offspring of " shangyu 397 ( mudanjiang 19 zhongguo 91 ) " through several years ' selection combination of bulk selection method, pedigree selection method and ecosystem selection method

摘要龍稻3號是從上育397 （牡丹江19中國91 ）的後代經多年運用集團選擇、系譜選擇和生態壓力選擇相結合的方法選育而成。

Constructing forest ecosystem of taihang mountain plays an important role in protecting ecology safety and improving manufacturing and life environment of campagna of north - china and the area of beijing and tianjin

太行山雄居華北平原西緣，是海河的發源地。建設太行山森林生態體系，對華北平原及京津地區生態安全和改善老區生產生活環境十分重要。

The role of an organism in nutrient and energy flow within an ecosystem ( e. g., herbivore, carnivore, decomposer )

有機體之營養和能源攝取模式（如肉食、草食、分解者等） 。

In this paper, two major types, the natural vegetation and crop vegetation in luota are studied. we can gain the different distributive area by remote sensing technology, in accordance with conifer forest, broadleaf forest, thick shrub forest, shrub forest, herbs shrub forest, herbs naked rock and crop vegetation. the valuation of the output of standing trees, water conserbancy, soil conserbation to control erosion and purify the air is the main basis which is used to value the functions of the forest ecosystem of the conifer forest and broadleaf forest of luotathe result reveal that the total ecological function value of the forest which area is 1388. 8 hm2 is estimated up to 18. 36 million yuan per annum. the synthetic valuation system of luota vegetation is put forward by the valuation of per hm2 in evergreen - deciduous forest, conifer forest, conifer and broadleaf forest, broadleaf forest, scatteredtree - shrub forest, coppice - shrub forest, herbs shrub forest, econamic crop and cereal crops. the plant resources is valued according to the ornamental and green plant. lumber trees and medical plant. ornamental plant includes hosta plantaginea. lilium brownii van viridulum, spiraea cantomiensis and so on. lumber tuees includes zzzelkova schneideriana, emmenopterys henryi, catalpa fargesii and so on

本文把洛塔現存植被分為自然植被與栽培植被兩大類進行研究，通過遙感技術對現存植被按針葉林、闊葉林、密灌、灌叢、草灌、荒草裸巖、農作物植被等類型進行分佈面積的統計，在此基礎上，以林產品價值、涵養水源價值、保護土壤價值和凈化空氣價值作為估算的主要參考依據，對已成林的針葉林與闊葉林進行森林生態系統的價值估算，得出面積為1388 . 8hm ~ 2的針葉闊葉林的森林生態價值為1836 . 37萬元，參照這一生態價值量，把洛塔植被按常綠落葉林、針葉林、針闊混交林、闊葉林、疏林?灌叢、矮灌叢、荒草灌叢、經濟作物和糧食作物，以每hm ~ 2的價值量提出了洛塔植被的綜合價值體系。

To be a key station of the chinese ecosystem research network cern in 1992

年成為中國生態研究網路重點站之一

With the development of the citifying and modern city, the construction and coordinative development of urban ecosystem has become the important research field of ecology and many other subject, such as environmental economics, urban planning, urban economics

隨著城市化和現代城市的發展，城市生態系統建設及其協調發展已成為生態學的重要研究內容，也是環境經濟學、城市規劃學、城市經濟學等眾多學科的重點研究領域。

Evaluation result is that city ecosystem colligate index of zhengzhou is the tiptop in central plains city but is quite low compared with import ecosystem cities in our country

評價結果是：鄭州市在中原城市群中雖城市生態系統綜合指標值最高，但與國內重要生態城市相比差距很大。

The car emitted a large quantity of deleterious exhaust gas in the megalopolis and at the building or mineral sites, which threatens badly the somatopsychic health of inhabitant and breaks the ecosystem equilibrium. being a flowing contaminative source, the automotive vehicles have become the " chief criminal " of air pollution

汽車作為一個流動的污染源，在人口密集的城市和交通發達的工礦地區，到處散發著大量廢氣，嚴重威脅著居民的身心健康，破壞著生態平衡，成為大氣污染的「罪魁禍首」 。

Until now there are contradictorily results regarding the dominant soc stabilization mechanisms, possibly depending on factors, such as ecosystem and soil type, soil depth, soil managements, as well as soil biological activity and community composition

至今，有機碳穩定性的主導機制尚不清楚，但影響因素與生態系統類型、土壤類型、土層深度、土壤管理措施、土壤生物活性及群落組成等有關。

First, we take the historic district into urban ecosystem to analyze its advantages and shortcomings on macroscopical level, to introduce active factors activating the commercial atmosphere ; then, deepen the discussion into building - unit and details. referring to a lot of convictive examples, we probe into the design elements, the methods of new space recreation and the continuity of historic information thoroughly. in the end, systematically analyze the " xin tian di " project in shanghai, china, we reiterate the major idea of this paper : only when the historic buildings and their environments have displayed corresponding " faces " the time endows them, they are animated

論文首先從宏觀入手，將歷史街區放入城市生態大系統中，從整體上分析能強化歷史街區商業區位與商業價值的相關因素，提出進行商業環境更新的指導原則，進而闡述增強商業環境活性的具體更新手法；其次，深化到歷史建築及其細部設計的中、微觀層面，結合國內外優秀改建實例，對歷史建築適應商業新功能的改建要素、室內空間更新手法以及在商業環境中創造歷史關聯性等各方面進行了深入探討。