end-pumping 中文意思是什麼

According to the guidline, two nd : yag lasers have been designed and set up, one is end - pumped by lower output power ld using a selfoc micro lens, and the other is end - pumped by high output power ld using a pair of lenses are designed, and the characteristics such as output power and power stabilization of both solid - state lasers are investigated. thirdly, when an empty liquid crystal cell is inserted in the cavity of the nd : yag laser pumped by high power ld, the laser can operates in single axial mode. finally, according to the relationship between the laser output power and the longnitudinal a ld - end - pumped nd : yag laser sensor for displacement measurement has been investigated theoretically and demonstrated experimently, the results indicate that when the mean radius of pumping inside the laser cavity is far less than that of the oscilating laser mode, the exponential of the output power is a gauss function of the longitudinal positon of focused spot of ld pumping beam, both the measurement range and the sensitivity are dependent on the incident pumping power, as the incident pumping power is increased, the measurement range is enlarged and the sensitivity is improve d

本文首先介紹了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的發展狀況、主要特性及其應用，從四能級速率方程出發，推導了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的閾值、輸出功率和斜效率的表達式，並簡述了激光器的工作原理、結構型式和倍頻方法；其次，以空間相關的速率方程為基礎，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光器的設計方法，給出了一定泵浦耦合方式下，振蕩光模尺寸、最佳輸出耦合率、泵浦光模尺寸、泵浦光焦斑位置等參數的選取依據，以此為依據，設計了自聚焦透鏡耦合小功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器和透鏡組耦合高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器，對激光器的輸出功率和功率穩定性等特性進行了實驗研究；再次，在帶尾纖輸出的高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光腔內插入一隻空液晶盒，觀察到了激光器以單縱模運轉；最後，根據泵浦光焦斑端面位置對激光輸出功率的影響規律，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光位移傳感新方法，並進行了理論和實驗研究，研究結果表明：當激光晶體內泵浦光平均光斑半徑遠小於振西安理工大學碩士學位論文蕩光束腰半徑時，激光輸出功率的自然指數與泵浦光焦斑的縱向位置成高斯變化規律，測量范圍和靈敏度依賴于泵浦功率，隨著泵浦功率的增加，測量范圍擴大，靈敏度提高，當端面泵浦功率為7 . 24w （最大輸出功率為1 . 926w ）時，激光位移傳感器的測量范圍和靈敏度分別是13 . 045mm和0 . 148mw / pm 。

On the point of system, this paper mainly studies the optimal distribution of load in the machines of irrigation and drainage pumping station, the mathematical model and it ' s solution are studied among the machines in pumping station with two types of axial pump : full regulation or semi - regulation. this paper also studies the problems of the optimal day - operation of pumping station and the economical operation of grading pumping station. at the end, jiangdu pumping station is taken as a practical example to show the theory on economical operation of irrigation and drainage pumping station

本文從系統的觀點出發，以排灌站機組間負荷的優化分配研究為主，分別對全調節和半調節軸流泵兩種泵型的排灌站機組間負荷優化分配的數學模型及其求解方法進行了研究，同時對排灌站最優日運行方式及梯級泵站的經濟運行也進行了初步探索，最後以江都排灌站為例，建立了排灌站經濟運行的實用模型。

Mr albert cheng wai - shing, a chartered engineer from black veatch hong kong limited : " the continued adoption of seawater cooling is a logical technical solution for the end users as there will be minimum interruption to the formal operation of existing pumping stations during the reprovisioning works.

-博威工程顧問有限公司特許工程師鄭偉成先生： "在技術上，繼續採用海水冷卻系統對最終用戶來說是合理的解決方法，因為在重置工程期間，對現有抽水站的運作所造成的干擾可減至最少。

With the using of microsoft visual basic 6. 0, a multimedia computer - aided design system of small type pumping irrigation district is developed in this paper. provided with the live multimedia messages as well as a good man - machine conversation mechanism, this system can help the user to finish the planning of an pumping irrigated area such as the layout of canal system, the selection of pump models, the establishment of the irrigation program, the calculating of canals " parameters, the estimate of the project magnitude, the selection of the field constructions, the economic analysis of the project, the output of results, etc, a new oo ( object oriented ) programming method is adopted in this system, various softwares are integrated in this systems as well by the " automation " technic provided by vb, in addition, the multimedia technic is applied to this system for the first time, it makes the system easy to ope rate. as for the optimization of the canals " section, a new optimization method is adopted based on the existing theories about the canals " section, and in this way, with the purpose of minimizing the project ' s investment as well as a stalized canal, limited by the longituding slope, the canals " best feasible parameters can be deduced. furthermore, a integral method to reckon the earth work is developed in this paper, by this way, the estimate precision of the earthwork is enhanced notably. this paper includes the particular illumination for the developing procedure of each systems " segment, and in the end, the directions of the system are demonstrated in a sample area which lies in the zhaija village, taizhou city, jiangsu province, the running results showed that the initial purposes are achieved effectively, and it has a preferable practicability

在渠道縱橫斷面優化方面，本文在利用已經比較成熟的縱橫斷面優化理論的基礎上，提出以工程總費用最小為目標函數，以渠道縱坡i為控制變量，以渠道不沖不淤流速及灌區允許地面比降為約束條件，通過縱橫斷面聯動優化的方法得到渠道的最佳工程可行的斷面參數。另外，針對部分地區的取土困難的狀況，本文採用積分法計算渠道工程土方量，從而大大提高了土方量的估算精度，有助於準確控制工程投資規模及資金投向。本文詳細闡述了該系統所採用的編程方法、系統構成、系統各組成模塊的開發過程以及灌區規劃所採用的優化方法及原理，最後應用本系統對泰州市翟家村機電灌區進行規劃設計，運行結果證明其操作比較簡便，界面友好，運行速度快，規劃成果合理，基本達到了系統預定的要求，具備較強的實用性。

The cause of vacuum degree formation under groundwater table is discussed in the paper. the testing results show that vacuum degree above the groundwater table is produced directly by pumping air, and that vacuum degree below groundwater table is produced mainly by dewatering and by escaping of sealed air from the end of flexible pipe. based on the bernoulli equation, the limit lowering of groundwater table is analyzed, which is about 5 ~ 7m. the effective influence depth of vacuum preloading has relationship with pvds depth and can be more than 10m

對地下水位線以下的真空度成因進行了分析，結果表明，地下水位線以下測到的真空度是由於測試軟管中水位下降或部分封存氣體從軟管末端逃逸引起的，與地下水位線以上的真空度由抽氣直接形成在成因上存在不同；根據伯努俐方程，對地下水位下降的極限深度進行了分析，得出真空預壓中地下水位的極限下降深度為5 7m ；對有效影響深度的分析結果表明，真空預壓的有效影響深度與塑料排水板的打設深度具備一定關系，有效影響深度可以超過10m 。

In fast axis the divergentce of each beam is 0. 28o, in slow axis is 1. 4o, the area of field from the end of ld stack 20cm is 42 25mm2, average wave is 9. 3 %. so, it can meet the requirement of pumping, and the effect is fairly good

具體數據為:各輸出光束在快軸方向的發散角為0 . 28o ，在慢軸方向的發散角為1 . 4o ，輸出光場在距ld面陣發射端面20cm處的面積為42 25mm2 ，平均波紋起伏為9 . 3 % ，可見整形效果較好

The dissertation gives a profound and extensive theoretic research of starting process, causes of fall - out and damages caused by fall - out as well as the electromagnetic process in large pumping station. the ? qual area criterion ? is used in this research to analyze the stability limitation of the synchromotors fall - out in detail. in the end, the study also puts forward a couple of practical methods to prevent synchromotors from fall - out and corresponding solutions to the fall - out

本文主要內容是：圍繞大泵站同步電機起動過程、運行中的失步機理及危害、失步時電磁物理過程等方面進行了細致深入的理論研究；用「等面積定則」分析大泵站同步電機失步的穩定界限並提出求解方法；提出預防同步電機失步的措施。

Based on the rate - equation theory of four - level system, the expressions of threshold pump power, output power and slope efficiency are given. the influence of space distribution of pump light ( the position of focusing point, dimension of pumping light and divergence angle ) to the output characteristics are also discussed. then, by investigating the effects of thermal effect of laser crystal on the size of laser cavity mode, we obtain the mode - matching principle of high power laser diode end - pumped solid - state lasers

其中，在泵浦光的空間分佈變量中我們分別考慮了泵浦光聚焦后的腰斑大小、聚焦腰斑在增益介質中的位置以及泵浦光在介質中發散角的影響；然後我們研究了在高泵浦功率下激光晶體因吸收泵浦光而產生的熱效應所導致的熱透鏡效應以及熱致衍射損耗，通過分析它們對振蕩激光腔模尺寸的影響，得到了高功率半導體激光二極體端面泵浦固體激光器模式匹配的要求，為高功率連續單頻nd ： yvo _ 4激光器的優化設計提供了理論依據。

Sunrise in the timor sea has a reserve of more than 9 trillion cubic feet. operators of the projects, including woodside and chevrontexaco, are pitching the gas in the fast growing lng markets of china, north america, japan and south korea. don woelte, chief executive officer and managing director of woodside, told reporters that the company expects to conclude the lng sales of the browse project before it starts pumping the gas at the end of 2007

根據上海brt項目概念性報告中的規劃，到2010年，上海中心城區將建成30至50公里左右的brt系統，配合300公里長的軌道交通網路，形成330至350公里的快速客運網路屆時郊區也將建成70至100公里brt ，承擔市區通郊區新城之間以及新城內的主要客運任務。

A theoretical study of input and output properties of four - level solid laser was performed according to the velocity equation, and the important role of the overlap integral j, was noticed and made a fully usage in optimizing the end - pumping solid state laser parameters such as : rod length > pump position pumping and oscillating beam waist size

從四能級速率方程出發，理論推導了ld端面泵浦的固體激光器的輸入輸出特性，並指出重疊積分j _ 1對激光器輸出特性的極大影響，從而對其在不同泵浦條件下進行分析並以此得到端面泵浦條件下固體激光器的最優化設計參數的選取方法。