energy of activation 中文意思是什麼

Catalysts that lower markedly the activation energy of the reactions are required.

需要顯著降低反應活化能的催化劑。

A reliability experiment of thermal aging was carried out for the two types of joints, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x - ray spectrometer and micro x - ray diffractomer were adopted to investigate the interfacial evolution behavior of joints, and kinetics model of imc formation was established. the results show that imc growth follows the parabolic law as a function of aging time at certain aging temperature, imc growth is more sensitive to the aging temperature than the aging time, the activation energy of cu - al imc growth is 97. 1kj / mol and the major forming cu - al imc are cual2 and cu9al4, the activation energy of au - al imc growth is 40. 1kj / mol and the main au - al imc are au4al and au5al2, with au2al and aual at the interfacial periphery of joints, the rate of cu - al imc growth is about 1000 times slower than that of au - al imc, and kirkendall voids and cracks are easily appeared during thermal aging in gold ball bonds while voids and cracks are absent in copper ball bonds even after aging at 200 for 2900 hours and 250 for 169 hours

研究結果表明:金屬間化合物厚度與老化時間的關系符合拋物線法則，金屬間化合物的生長對老化溫度比老化時間更加敏感; cu - al金屬間化合物生長的激活能為97 . 1kj / mol ，老化后金屬間化合物呈層狀分佈，主要相為cual2和cu9al4 ; au - al金屬間化合物生長的激活能為40 . 1kj / mol ，主要相為au4al和au5al2 ，同時在界面周邊區域生成了au2al和aual ;老化過程中cu - al金屬間化合物生長速率比au - al金屬間化合物生長速率小103數量級;金絲球鍵合點200老化96小時出現了明顯的kirkendall空洞和裂紋，但銅絲球鍵合點200老化2900小時和250老化169小時都沒有形成空洞和裂紋。

The energy of activation is the minimum energy level that two colliding molecules must possess in order to undergo a given chemical reaction.

激活能就是使兩個碰撞分子得以進行某特定的化學反應所必須具有的最低能級。

A new method of measuring activation energy of amorphous alloy

測量鐵磁非晶合金激活能的新方法

The apparent activation energy of jd and ty materials are 162 - 174kj / mol and 208 - 235 kj / mol, respectively

由線性回歸分析計算出jd材料的燒結激活能為162 174kj mol ， ty材料的燒結激活能為208 235kj mol 。

But the activation energy of water quenching samples are very different at different aging temperature, the lowest is 1. 27ev and the highest is 2. 4 lev

而水淬試樣在不同的時效溫度下激活能計算的結果有很大的不同，激活能最低為1 . 27ev ，最高為2 . 4lev 。

The activation energy of the tpl peak is calculated being about 1. 5 ev for four heat treated samples ( furnace cooling, air cooling, dry ice quenching, liquid nitrogen quenching ), and it is near the self diffuse activation energy of aluminum 1. 45ev

爐冷、空冷、乾冰冷和液氮冷四種熱處理制度根據幾，峰峰溫數據計算的激活能的結果約為1 ? sev ，接近於鋁的自擴散激活能1 . 45ev 。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

The reaction order and apparent activation energy of nanocomposites by emulsion and bulk methods are obviously increased. this also shows that the thermal stability of nanocomposites is much better than pure pmma, which is also confirmed by doyle method

Freeman - carroll差減微分法結果表明：本體法及乳液法復合材料的熱分解反應級數和表觀活化能均明顯高於純pmma ； doyle積分法佐證了這一點。

The presence of nanometer montmorillonite in the composite makes the crystallization temperature and crystallization velocity rise. activation energy of crystallization increases firstly, and then drops with augment of montmorillonite content

發現蒙脫上納米片層的存在使尼龍66結晶溫度和結晶速率提高，結晶活化能隨蒙脫土含量的增加先增大，后減小。

The wxrd characterization showed that o - mmt possessed obvious nucleation effect on the crystallization process of b - pp. jeziorny and mo methods were used to study the non - isothermal crystallization process. the obtained value of kinetics parameters such as tp, n, zc, t1 / 2, a h, f ( t ), e showed that the o - mmt has nucleation effect in crystallization of pp and can increases the crystallization temperature of pp, quickens the crystall ization velocity, decreases the crystallization activation energy of pp but decreases the crystallization degree of pp at the same time

運用jeziorny法和mo法研究了聚丙烯和復合材料的非等溫結晶過程，所得到的非等溫結晶過程動力學參數t _ p ， n ， z _ c ， t _ （ 1 / 2 ） ， h ， f （ t ） ， e的數值表明，有機蒙脫土的加入可以起到異相成核的作用，從而提高pp的結晶溫度，加快pp的結晶速率，降低pp的結晶活化能，但同時也會降低pp的結晶度。

Study on the thermal decomposition mechanism and activation energy of complex monovaline - hexaquo - gadolinium

三氯化纈氨酸六水合釓配合物的熱分解機理與活化能研究

Mol l, artemisinin can be reduced via the hemin - catalysis and its original cathodic peak at - 1. 08v completely disappeared. the cathodic overpotential of artemisinin is decreased ca. 600mv. this process is verified by the fact that complex edta - fe can also promote the artemisinin reduction with decreasing the cathodic overpotential of artemisinin for 590mv. these results show that the reduction of artemisinin at the glassy carbon electrode is a catalytic process with the aids of hemin. hemin can greatly decrease the cathodic activation energy of the reduction of artemisinin and promote the decomposition of artemisinin

Mol l氯化血紅素存在下，青蒿素仍可被催化還原，陰極過電位降低了600mv 。配合物edta - fe具有類似氯化血紅素的催化性質，它降低了qhs陰極過電位590mv 。在這個體系中，青蒿素在碳電極上的還原是一個藉助于氯化血紅素催化的還原過程，氯化血紅素的存在降低了青蒿素還原活化能，促進了青蒿素的分解。

The process of in situ synthesis in salt activated by ma is discussed, and the separation of activation and reaction during ma is investigated. the ti - c mixtures with elevated system energy from mechanical activation occur due to thermal activation from in salt bath

在「機械激活鹽浴合成」工藝中，將高放熱體系在普通反應研磨工藝中所存在的孕育期與反應期分離，利用初始ti - c混粉在孕育期中所積累的儲存能和高溫熔鹽反應介質所提供的熱激活作用來促發粉體中的合成反應。

Combining quantum chemistry calculation with experimental evaluation, the activation energies of possible interfacial reaction were calculated. it is shown that the first step in which the atomic ti, c and si were decomposed from ti matrices and fiber, respectively, is a rate - controlling step because the activation energy of the step is larger than second one

量子化學計算與經驗估算相結合，求出了可能發生的界面反應的活化能，表明第一步驟的活化能遠大於第二步驟的活化能，因而第一步驟是反應的動力學控制因素，在這一步驟中，原子態的ti 、 si 、 c分別從基體鈦合金和纖維中分解出來。

The law on component change of carbocoal from different temperature pyrolysis of yanzhou bituminous coal in ordinary pressure fluidized bed in nitrogen atmosphere is analyzed, especial change law of sulfur, and activation energy of pyrolysis carbocoal in different temperature is analyzed in thermogravimetric analyzer, it is found that activation decreases with pyrolysis temperature increasing

摘要利用兗州煙煤在不同溫度下常壓流化床氮氣氣氛的熱解半焦作為樣品，分析了半焦成分變化的規律，特別是硫的變化規律，並利用熱重分析儀分析了不同溫度下熱解半焦的活化能，研究表明隨著熱解溫度的升高，活化能逐漸降低。

In summary, fir ( far infrared ) has three main characteristics which namely are radiation, permeation and resonance absorption to form the energy of activation to benefit the health of human body

整體來說，遠紅外線具有三個主要特性，亦即放射，滲透力以及共i鳴吸收，以致形成活性化能量，有益身體健康。

The thermal decompostion kinetics of up / montmorillonite nanocomposites under nitrogen was studied. the reaction order and apparent activation energy of nanocomposites were obtained by freeman - carroll method. the results indicate the thermal stability of nanocomposites is higher than pure up ' s

研究了氮氣氣氛下不飽和聚酯蒙脫土納米復合材料的熱分解動力學，用freeman - carroll法確定了復合材料的反應級數n和表觀反應活化能e 。

An apparent activation energy of 182. 35kj / mol was obtained for the range of 1250 c to 1350 c, and that of 82. 32kj / mol for the range of 1350 c to 1400 c. at the same time, the relation between reaction velocity and reaction time is linear in the range of 1250 c to 1350 c, but it is a parabola curve in the range of 1350 c to 1400 c. so it can be concluded that the process undergone in the range of 1250 c to 1350 c is controlled by chemical reaction while that in the range of 1350 c to 1400 c by diffusion

本實驗採用的試樣是以鈦白粉和活性碳按1 ： 30的比例混合料為原料，在6mp下成型為37 . 2 26mm的柱形樣塊，分別在1250 、 1350和1400于氮化爐中測定反應速率與時間的關系。當反應在1250 1350時，表觀活化能為182 . 35kj mol 160kj mol ，反應速率與時間的關系是線性的，說明此階段反應由化學反應控制。當反應在1350 1400時，表觀活化能為82 . 32kj mol 160kj mol ，反應速率與時間的關系符合拋物線方程，說明此階段反應由擴散控制。

To produce the " effect " by changing the structure of electric double layer and influence the surface concentration of reaction particle and activation energy of interface reaction, thus affecting the speed of electrode reaction ; c

通過改變雙電層結構產生「 _ 1效應」 ，影響反應粒子的表面濃度及界面反應的活化能，從而影響電極反? ?西安理工大學碩士學位論文應速度； c