establishing ownership 中文意思是什麼

All the civil law countries not prohibiting establishing multi - hypothec on the same stake, when the discussed situation comes into being, once the prior hypothec confused with the ownership, it is possible that the benefit balance between the owner and the subordinate lien obligee will be broken because of the sequence and the impartibility of the exertion of hypothec

大陸法系國家的民法都不禁止在同一物上設定多個抵押權，當多個抵押權竟存於同一物上時，由於抵押權的行使具有次序性和不可分性，在先次序抵押權與所有權混同時，可能會導致所有權人和后次序抵寸甲權人之間的利益失衡。

The next in order, about the whole efficiency of the company management construction, it think that in the process of establishing with chinese and characteristic socialism market economy, on one hand, it is necessary to reform ownership of share construction of the company with high liabilities rate and the low liabilities, on the other hand, the company with just right rate of debt can take suitable management construction mode according to our country ' s state of the nation

其次，對于公司治理結構的整體效率，認為在建立和規范有中國特色社會主義市場經濟的過程中，一方面，要借鑒國外的股東主權型治理結構模式和共同治理型治理結構模式，對我國高負債率公司和低負債率公司的股權結構進行改造，另一方面，也要結合我國的國情，對于資產負債率適中的公司採用相機治理結構模式。

Establishing of excutive stock ownership incentive mechanism and correct handling of eight major relationships

股權激勵機制的理論基礎及效應分析

The second part profoundly analyzes the rationality and feasibility of parallel construction of reduction of state - owned stocks and establishing incentive mechanism of stock ownership for managers

第二部分深入分析了國有股減持與經營者股權激勵機制構建并行的合理性和可行性。

Article 2 in establishing a contractual joint venture, the chinese and foreign parties shall, in accordance with the provisions of this law, prescribe in their contractual joint venture contract such matters as the investment or conditions for cooperation, the distribution of earnings or products, the sharing of risks and losses, the manners of operation and management and the ownership of the property at the time of the termination of the contractual joint venture

第二條中外合作者舉辦合作企業，應當依照本法的規定，在合作企業合同中約定投資或者合作條件、收益或者產品的分配、風險和虧損的分擔、經營管理的方式和合作企業終止時財產的歸屬等事項。

The article has researched the intention of agricultural industrialization which is guided by market and mainstay enterprises, based on agricultural product base organized by a lot of families, and characterized by joint management and mutual benefit. it also realized production specialization, product commercialization, service socialization and etc. the article has also researched the existing conditions of agricultural industrialization both at home and abroad. although it is different in national conditions and actual practice, the developed countries follows the market economic law and naturally steps on the road of agricultural industrialization. as the continuous reforming and opening up, china actively explores and enhances the management level of agricultural industrialization. the writer uses system changing theory, scale management theory, trade expense theory. market system theory and industrial economics theory, to put forward the main type of mainstay enterprises, which is divided by ownership, organization form, contact form and product. the writer thinks that development of mainstay enterprises can promote effective joining between small production and big market, the developing of high - benefit agriculture, establishing trade / industry / agriculture operation system, region economics and joining process between urban area and rural area. the existing conditions in strengthening the mainstay enterprises in zhaoyuan embodies continuous expanding in scale. continuous widening in fields, continuous enhancing in benefits, continuous improving in techology and quality. by finding the problem and shortage in product quality, developing ability and scale strength, the article has put forward the following views : face to market and enhance quality and techological content of agricultural products ; enforce flexible policy and investments ; establish fair and reasonable benefits joining system. the article has also put forward the countermeasures and suggestions on enhancing the enterprises ' management level

文章研究了農業產業化經營的內涵，明確其以市場為導向、以龍頭企業為依託、以一大批農戶組成的農產品生產基地為基礎，形成農工商有機結合、風險共擔、利益均沾的本質特點，表現出生產專業化、經營一體化、企業規模化、產品商品化、服務社會化等特徵。分析了國內外產業化經營的現狀，認為盡管各國的國情不同，具體的做法和叫法不盡相同，但是經濟發達國家都遵循市場經濟規律，很自然走上了農業產業化經營的道路，發展中國家紛紛仿效，中國也隨著改革開放不斷深入，積極探索發展提高農業產業化經營水平。作者運用制度變遷理論、規模經營理論、交易費用理論、市場機制理論和產業經濟學理論，提出了龍頭企業從所有制形式、從組織形式、從聯系方式及從產品上劃分的主要類型；認為發展龍頭企業有促進小生產與大市場的有效對接、推動優質高效農業縱深發展、建立貿工農一體化運行機制、振興區域經濟、加速城鄉一體化進程等作用；考察了招遠市壯大龍頭企業推進農業產業化的現狀，表現在規模不斷擴大、領域不斷拓寬、效益不斷提高、技術不斷改進、質量不斷提高等方面；找出了龍頭企業產品質量上、開發能力上、規模實力上和行業自律上的問題和差距，提出了要面向市場，努力提高農產品的質量和科技含量，多策並舉，搞活投入機制，建立公平合理的利益聯結機制，加強行業自律，提高企業經營管理水平等對策和建議。

2. adopting measure of china ' s stated - owned enterprise institution innovation is : ( 1 ) it must be establishing a fairly and competing economic institution, in which different ownership enterprises can compete on an equal footing, in order to improve its macro - efficiency

因此，創造多種所有制企業公平競爭的經濟體制環境是國有企業提高效率、消除預算軟約束的關鍵。 （ 2 ）國有企業效率低下的中觀因素在於產業區位錯位。

Along the way what the system analyses, this paper is at first in analyzing the existed researching results in category of concept, nature, component of water resource fee etc., defines the intension of water resource fee in " land rent theory " of marxism, and clarifies the relation of water resource fee with the related concepts such as water rate, water right price etc. on this basis, from five respects proves the reason of establishing the charging system of water resource fee in our country, that is : to replying the shortage trend of water resource day by day ; to realizing the national ownership of water resource ; to promoting using water in save and with plan ; to compensating the expenses in the survey, evaluate, protects of water resource ; to using the economic law distributing water resource rationally

沿著制度分析的進路，本文首先在梳理現有研究成果的基礎上，對水資源費的概念、性質、構成等范疇的內涵予以界定，並運用馬克思主義地租理論對水資源費「租」的性質進行論證，釐清了水資源費與相關概念諸如資源稅、水費、水權價格等的關系。在此基礎上，從應對水資源日益短缺趨勢、實現水資源國家所有權、促進節約用水與計劃用水、補償水資源勘測、評價、保護費用、運用經濟規律合理配置水資源等五個方面全面分析了我國確立水資源費徵收制度的合理性。

Employee stock ownership plans ( esops ) is of great significance in coordinating benefits between the labor and management, improving corporate governance, establishing efficacious encouraging mechanism, perfecting welfare level for the staff and even in the reform of the state - owned enterprise and economical and political reform

職工持股在協調勞資利益、改善公司治理、建立有效的激勵機制、提高職工福利水平以及對我國國企改革乃至經濟、政治體制改革方面具有重大的意義。

( 2 ) the representatives of state ownership should exercise their rights within the framework of corporate governance mechanism, and focus on the index of firm performance when they evaluate their appointment. ( 3 ) when establishing a company, we should avoid forming a superficially diversified ownership structure. ( 4 ) through introducing the independent directors and representatives of the institution investors, who have the governance ability, to the board, we will be able to improve the performance of listed companies

在此基礎上，作者認為：不能人為地規定上市公司的股權集中度；國有股權的代表應在公司治理機制的框架內行使權利，在評價任免經理時應注重業績指標；在股份公司（尤其是國有控股公司）設立時，建議引入實質意義上的多元化股東，避免以行政手段促成表面上的多元化的股權結構；目前，通過引入獨立董事、引進有治理能力的機構投資者等手段，可以改進上市公司的治理。

Finally, it brings up suggestions in some aspects summarily, for example, establishing mechanism to punish the failure behavior ; solving agency cost of government ownership ; enhancing function of board of directors ; guaranteeing right of shareholder ; develop capital market ; start every kind mechanism of company management

第五，總結性的對建立現代公司治理制度在一些方面提出了建議，如建立對失敗行為有效懲罰的市場機制；解決全民所有權的代理成本；加強董事會的作用；保障股東權利；發展資本市場；加強各種公司治理機制的協調統一。

The difference between the law and the fact property right, enterprise ' s distribution ca n ' t embody the income of human capital property right ), and it also puts forward some shortages existed in traditional enterprise ' s administrative pattern - neglecting h uman capital property right. on this base, the article discusses the necessities of establishing the property right of enterprise ' s human capital in details from the theory ( the necessary demands of modern enterprise ' s system, the unfavorable influence from the uncompleted property right structure of enterprises, human capital - is a kind of rare capital, enterprise ' s decisive capital and it is the essential manifestation of public - owned economic relations ). in practice, it initially analyses the possibility of human capital property right ' s practice ( i. e. policy guide, practical turning point, practical base ) and its basic forms ( share ownership, optional institution )

在此基礎上，從理論上詳細討論了建立企業人力資本產權的必要性（現代企業制度的必然要求、殘缺的產權結構對企業的不利影響、人力資本是一種稀缺資本、人力資本是企業的決定性資本、人力資本產權是公有制經濟關系的本質體現等） ；從實踐上，對人力資本產權實踐的可行性（政策導向、實踐契機、實踐基礎等） 、企業人力資本產權實踐的基本形式（股權化、期權制度）進行了初步分析，認為企業激勵制度設計中，人力資本產權激勵是重要的方式，在目前的經濟條件下，採取人力資本股權化的形式，具有較強的現實可行性；對那些擁有市場需求大、稀缺性程度高、可替代性程度低的人力資本（要素）的所有者，股票期權制度是人力資本產權實踐發展的基本方向。

It is now taking active steps to assist departments in establishing their own it management units to assume greater ownership of it and blend it with their core support services

與此同時，資訊科技署現正積極協助多個部門設立資訊科技管理組，使部門在使用資訊科技方面作出較大的承擔，並把資訊科技融合於其核心支援服務。

We find that the basic reason is that the government which represents the owner of state - owned assets, can not use the ownership properly and efficiently. and we put forward a new design, which will contribute to establishing a new state - owned assets management system

在本屆政府實施的政企分開的機構改革完成之後，其管理對象應逐步集中到國有資產授權經營主體的產權和主要經營者上，並依據履行職能和管理對象的需要，確定國有資產管理委員會的組成人員。

Moreover, eight detailed measures are set forth : updating our ideas and grasping opportunities ; defining objectives and carrying out enterprise development strategy ; deepening reform of internal management system and paying attention to system innovation ; establishing ownership system of modern enterprises and fostering qualified market main bodies ; setting up a production and business mode suitable for international engineering companies ; increasing technology investment and enhancing technology innovation ability ; establishing a beneficent system of personnel circulation ; and attaching importance to mutual supplement of advantages and strengthening associated recombination

同時，提出了八項具體措施：一是更新觀念，抓住機遇；二是明確目標，實施企業發展戰略；三是加快建立國際型工程公司的生產經營模式；四是深化內部管理制度改革，強化制度創新；五是建立現代企業制度，培育合格市場主體；六是加大科技投入，提高科技創新能力；七是建立人才資源良性循環系統；八是注重優勢互補，實行強強聯合。

Systematic and technic barriers in establishing share ownership inspiring mechanism by stock company

證券公司實施股權激勵的制度與技術障礙