et al 中文意思是什麼

et al 解釋
等人
  • et : ET =eastern time 〈美國〉東部時間。〈拉丁語〉 和,以及 (=and)。 et al 1 =et alibi 2 =et ali...
  • al : 1. Arab League 阿拉伯聯盟。2. American Legion 美國軍團。
  1. Tetranychus viennensis zacher in trunk were concentrated in old crack barks and girdling cracks. tetranychus viennensis zacher in first and second limbs were concentrated in the boundary of axial shoot and stem, axial shoot and center trunk, girdling cracks, pruning wound and aerial roots et al. these tetranychus viennensis zacher were distributed mainly in the shady side of the branch

    主幹上的山楂紅蜘蛛主要集中在老翹皮下及環剝裂縫內,分佈於第1 、 2層主枝上的紅蜘蛛主要集中在主枝與主幹、主枝與中心干交界處、環剝裂縫、剪鋸口、氣生根等處,且主要分佈在枝條的背陰面(下部) 。
  2. Carnaghan et al(1967)and smith and hamiltion(1970)have described marked strain variations in susceptibility of chickens to aflatoxin.

    Carnaghan等(1967)以及Smith和Hanilton(1970)曾描述雞對黃麴黴素的敏感性方面顯著化品性變異。
  3. T crowe, et al. effect of spin on the internal ballistics of a solid - propellant motor r. aiaa 66 523

    曹泰岳,常顯奇,等.固體火箭發動機燃燒過程理論基礎m .長沙:國防科技大學出版社
  4. C t crowe, et al. effect of spin on the internal ballistics of a solid - propellant motor r. aiaa 66 523

    曹泰岳,常顯奇,等.固體火箭發動機燃燒過程理論基礎m .長沙:國防科技大學出版社
  5. Now we must cope with a wide array of environmental pollutants including gases, particulates, sewage and et al.

    現在我們必須對付很多種環境污染物,包括氣體、顆粒物、陰溝污物等等。
  6. Schnurrenberger et al offered serologic evidence of infections with the swine influenza virus among swine producers, veterinarians, and slaughter house workers.

    Schnurrenberger等提出了養豬人、獸醫和屠宰場工人中感染豬流感病毒的血清學根據。
  7. The total rna was isolated from pokeweed ( phytolacca americana ) leaves using the method of guanidine isothiocyante and used as template to amplify the total length and deleted mutant pokeweed antiviral protein ( pap ) gene by rt - pcr and then the pap gene was cloned into pgem - t vector. the sequencing results showed that pap gene had 99. 9 % identity comparing with the pap gene nucleotide sequence reported by lin et al ( 1991 ). the iptg - inducible expression vector containing the pap gene was constructed and transferred into e. coli bl21 ( de3 ) - plyss

    將缺失型pap基因克隆到植物表達載體pbi121中,通過液氮冷凍法將重組質粒轉入農桿菌lba4404細胞中,然後採用葉盤法,在該農桿菌的介導下將pap基因導入普通煙草中,經過卡那黴素抗性篩選,最後獲得了轉pap基因的工程煙草植株,摩擦接種煙草花葉病毒( tmv ) ,與非轉基因煙草相比,能夠推遲癥狀表現達2月之久,說明pap基因能夠在其它植物體內產生有活性的高抗病毒的蛋白質。
  8. Leyva f, anker sd, godsland if, et al. uric acid in chronic heart failure : a marker of chronic inflammation. eur heart j, 1998, 19 : 1814

    楊麗霞,祝善俊,王先梅,等.心力衰竭患者細胞因子網路及內源性調控的變化.中華內科雜志, 2001 , 40 ( 10 ) : 660
  9. Vergoz et al. ( p. 348 see the perspective by galizia ) found that exposure to queen pheromone leads to a reduction in aversive learning but not a reduction in appetitive learning in young honeybees

    蜂后能分泌一種生化信息素,它能降低工蜂的親疏能力但並不降低他們的生產能力,即讓別人的孩子認她為親,為她幹活。
  10. Reprinted from hunder gg, bloch da, michel ba, et al. the american college of rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis. arthritis rheum, 1990, 33 : 1122 - 1128

    A在分類診斷時,符合上述五條標準中的至少三條可診斷為巨細胞(顳)動脈炎,按此標準診斷的敏感性是93 . 5 % ,特異性是91 . 2 % 。
  11. With the development of space geodesy techniques ( vlbi, llr, slr and gps, et al. ), the application of classical geodesy and astrometry became less and less in application, but it is indispensability technique in absolute orientation of geodesy, launch of mid and long - distance arms, and in other scientific domains

    隨著空間大地測量技術( vlbi 、 llr 、 slr和gps等)的發展,雖然天文測量在應用上有所減少,但在大地測量的絕對定位和中遠程武器的發射等領域中仍然是不可替代的技術。
  12. Human augmenter of liver regeneration ( halr ) is a novel cytokine which stimulates specifically hepatic cell proliferation and is able to rescue acute liver failure caused by hepatotoxin for example carbon tetrachloride and galactosan amine et al

    人肝再生增強因子( humanaugmenterofliverregeneration , halr )是一種新的細胞因子,能特異性地刺激肝源細胞的增殖,並對四氯化碳、半乳糖胺等肝毒劑引起的肝損傷有治療作用。
  13. Zheng baolai , yang lan , yang dehua , kuang bangyu , wang zuxiang * , li dehao * et al. , 1985 fauna sinica aves vol. 8 : passeriformes ( eurylaimidae and irenidae ). science press , beijing , china

    9鄭寶賚、楊嵐、楊德華、匡邦郁、王祖祥* 、李德浩*等1985中國動物志,鳥綱,第八卷:雀形目(闊嘴鳥科,和平鳥科) 。科學出版社,北京。
  14. Yang lan et al. , 1995 the avifauna of yunnan china , vol. i : non - passeriformes. yunnan science and technology press , kunming , china

    27楊君興、陳銀瑞1995撫仙湖魚類生物學和資源利用。雲南科技出版社。
  15. Toouli j, brooke - smith m, bassi c, et al. guideline for the management of acute pancreatitis. j gastroenterol hepatol 2002 ; 17 : s15 - 39

    黃志強.急性壞死性胰腺炎的危險因素分析.中華外科雜志1992 ; 30 : 27
  16. Begum n, song y, rienzie j, et al. vascular smooth muscle cell growth and insulin regulation of mitogen - activated protein kinase in hypertension j. am j physiol 1998, 275 : c42

    李田昌田青趙冬,等.腎上腺髓質素抑制內皮素的促血管平滑肌細胞增殖作用j高血壓雜志1996 , 4 : 171
  17. Jimenez jj, bernal jl, novo m, et al. determination of rotenone residues in raw honey by solid - phase extraction and high - performance liquid chromatography [ j ]. j chromatogr a, 2000, 871 ( 1 ) : 67

    李雲鵬,董兆君,王仕麗,等.重復注射魚藤酮對中樞多巴胺神經元的毒性作用[ j ] .第三軍醫大學學報, 2003 , 25 ( 13 ) : 1123
  18. Its editorial committee is composed of well - known scholars, noted specialists et al. in the bme field in china so as to guarantee the qualities of the published papers

    本刊主要報導醫療器械和生物醫學工程的開發、進展、研製、生產、臨床應用和管理、維修等方面的信息。
  19. The development of an atypical hirnantia - brachiopod fauna and the onset of glaciation in the late ordovician of gondwana / owen e. sutcliffe. . [ et al. ]

    岡瓦納古陸晚奧陶統一個典型的赫南特貝屬-腕足動物群的發育和冰川作用的開始
  20. Reading was first viewed as a rather passive decoding process. later, people find that reading is not a passive decoding process, but an active " psycholinguistic guessing game " ( goodman, 1997 : 135 ) and an " interactive " process ( carrell et al, 1988 )

    古德曼( goodman )和其他理論家對此提出批評,他們認為閱讀是一種積極的,主動的「心理猜謎活動」 ,是一種「相互交流」的過程( carrelletal , 1998 ) 。
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