ex ante 中文意思是什麼
ex ante
解釋
採取措施前-
The ex ante perspective is forward looking
「事先」視角乃是向前看的。 -
In general jurisprudence, we might associate the ex ante perspective with legal instrumentalism ( or legal realism )
在一般法理學領域內，我們可能會將事先視角與法律工具主義（或者法律現實主義）聯系在一起。 -
Amnesties do encourage violation of tax and other laws, and ex ante are undesirable
推行赦免政策會鼓勵違反稅法及其它破壞法律的行為，而且事先就預期到赦免讓人難以接受。 -
Based on the cases analysis in chapter four, this paper divides the opportunism in franchising relationship into two parts : one is ex ante adverse selection and the other is ex post moral hazard. for the former, this paper suggests regulating the franchisor ’ s qualification and relevant information disclosure ; for the later, this paper suggests setting up “ reputation incentive mechanism ” and “ discredit penalty mechanism ”, or enhancing both parties ’ asset specialization
契約前逆向選擇問題的治理可以通過特許方的資格審核和規范信息披露機制來實現;通過對特許雙方的博弈分析本文認為對雙方的契約后的道德風險問題的治理可以通過建立「信譽激勵機制」和「失信懲罰機制」 ，以及提高雙方合作的專用性等方式來實現。 -
The ex ante perspective in legal theory is loosely connected with consequentialist ( or utilitarian or welfarist ) approaches to moral theory
法律理論中的事後的視角與道德理論中的結果論（或者說是功利主義、福利主義）存在一定鬆散的關聯。 -
While economists designing plans may worry about ex ante welfare costs, public or private plan administrators may also worry about ex post regret - the after - the - fact costs of a decision
經濟學家在制訂退休金計劃時，事先福利成本是個難以解決的問題。而對公眾或私人計劃的管理人來說，他們所要操心的還有後悔成本，即在知道結果后的成本。 -
For instance, for someone with minimal risk aversion, investing too little in equities can lead to large " ex ante welfare costs, " or the anticipated costs of making a decision before the outcome is known
例如，有人規避風險的心理不怎麼強，如果他在股票中投入的比例太低，就會產生大量「事先福利成本」 ，即在知道結果前先做決定的預期成本。 -
In chapter seven, we analyze mainly the positive influence on security market about the " insider " trade information disclosure. on the base of kyle ' s two - stage batch trade model, we analyze ex post and ante post pattern of the trade information disclosure respectively, and prove that each disclosure pattern is helpful to reduce " insider " ' s dominance of private information
第七章則主要分析了「內部人」交易信息披露對證券市場的正面影響，在凱爾兩階段批量交易模型的基礎上，分別對「內部人」交易信息披露的事後和事前模式進行了分析，進而證明了兩種披露模式都有助於降低「內部人」擁有的私人信息優勢，從而減少內幕交易的發生。 -
We favour ex ante funding i. e. funding up front over ex post funding and this is also the view of the majority of those who have responded to our consultation
：我們認為事先籌集資金的方法比事後籌集資金方法可取，大部分收到的意見也認同這個構思。 -
Again, roughly speaking we associate the ex ante perspective with policy and welfare
大致上，我們把事後視角與政策和福利聯系在一起。 -
Will the rule produce good consequences ( as compared to the alternatives ) from an ex ante perspective
從事先視角出發，這一規則是否會帶來好的結果（與另一可替代的規則相比） ？ -
Managerially, the results suggest that clients should use more ex ante control to govern highly creative tasks
從管理的角度看，這些結果意味著客戶應該更多地運用事前控制，從而更好的控制和管理高度創新性的任務。 -
What seems clear is that there has been greater ex ante demand to exchange hong kong dollars into foreign currencies than the other way round
現時頗明顯的是，以交易前可預計的情況來看，港元兌換外幣的需求比外幣兌換港元的需求為大。 -
Behaviorally, clients exercise less control both ex ante and ex post in relationships in which the outsourced task requires a high degree of creativity on the part of the supplier
行為上，在這種對供應商有很高的創新性要求的外包任務中，客戶很少實施事前和事後控制。 -
Long - time practice used to cope with drought risk by farm households has resulted in the set of ex ante and ex post coping mechanisms, and researches show that those coping mechanisms are wise in terms of their own resources, it is however not true in terms of the social or macro - utilization of resources
農戶在長期對付乾旱風險的實踐中形成了事前、事後處理策略，國外相關農戶研究表明相對農戶自身所擁有的資源而言，這些處理策略是理性的，雖然從社會或宏觀的資源利用角度而言，可能並非如此。
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