expenditure level 中文意思是什麼

expenditure level 解釋
支出數額
  • expenditure : n. 1. （時間、勞力、金錢等的）支出，花費。2. 消費；開銷；費用，經費。3. 支出額，消費額。
  • level : n 1 水平儀，水準儀；水準測量。2 水平線，水平面；水平狀態；平面，平地。3 水平，水準；水位；標準；...
  1. The afterheat, which is collected by recovery devices, in winter can be used as the low level thermal source of heat pump, and in summer can preheat feed water, thus equivalent an economizer. because energy flows in the system so reasonably that energy is used to the most, therefore, its energy conservation effect is significant, and the operating expenditure declines consequently. the sewage can be reused after due treatment, thua it has a certain social and ecological benefit, too

    本研究中選用分離式熱管裝置提供洗浴用水，利用水源熱泵裝置，一機兩用，進行空間供熱和製冷，並通過余熱回收器對系統內的余熱進行回收，冬季可作為水源熱泵的低位熱源，夏季可對鍋爐給水進行預熱，起到「省煤器」的作用。這樣實現系統內的能量合理流動，從而達到節能的目的，同時洗浴污水經適當的處理后可以回用，因而還具有一定的社會和生態效益。
  2. Therefore, the paper expanded eles, namely, turned the above assumption into the following : all the consumers in the same income level have the identical marginal budget share or the identical marginal propensity to consume when consuming certain goods, but consumers in different income level have not and the paper, by defining and introducing the nominal variable of income level - a variable of the marginal propensity to consume only resulting from the change of consumers " ( rural residents ) income level, with which the standard income level was compared, adopted to expand again the extended eles model, exploited the surveying household data in 2001 by liaoning statistics bureau, caculated ( 1 ) the marginal propensity to consume, real expenditure structure, real propensity to consume and marginal budget share of main consumer goods of rural residents in different income levels ; ( 2 ) the proportion of the basic demand quantity, the basic demand structure, the basic demand of main consumer goods in real expenditure of livelihood consumption ; ( 3 ) the income elasticity of demand, the expenditure elasticity of consumption, the price elasticity of demand and the cross price elasticity of demand of main consumer goods ; finally, came the following conclusions : 1

    故本論文採用對擴展的線性支出系統進行再擴展，即將上述假定改為： 「對某類消費品的邊際預算份額或邊際消費傾向，對于同一收入等級的所有消費者均相同，但對于不同收入等級的消費者則有可能不同。 」並通過定義和在模型中引入收入等級虛變量，藉以代表與基準的收入等級相比，消費者（農民）僅僅由於其所處的收入等級變化所導致的邊際消費傾向的變化量。本論文採用對擴展的eles模型的再擴展，利用遼寧省統計局農調總隊的2001年農村住戶調查分戶資料（共1890戶） ，計算了（ 1 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的邊際消費傾向、實際支出結構、實際消費傾向、邊際預算份額； （ 2 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的基本需求量、基本需求結構、基本需求占實際生活消費支出比重； （ 3 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類摘要型消費品的需求收入彈性、消費支出彈性、需求自價格彈性、需求的交叉價格彈性。
  3. Abstract : physical activity has been defined as " any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure ". it is strongly endorsed as a means of staying healthy and an important avenue for social contact. although in australia, some studies have been conducted into the levels of physical activity in some ethnic communities, there has been a tendency to adopt a homogeneous view of culturally and linguistically diverse ( cald ) people rather than an ethno - specific perspective that recognises differing cultural beliefs and practices between and across language groups. this paper reports on a study that aimed to explore the concepts of, and attitudes towards, physical activity among older hong kong chinese australians resident in nsw. this study involved individual in - depth interviews and the use of open - ended questions. a total of 22 informants was recruited for the study. the findings revealed that most informants did not have a clear idea about what was meant by the term physical activity. " physical activity " tended to be a confusing and complicated term to this group. in addition, attitudes towards physical activity among this group reflect their cultural and health beliefs in preventive health care. to increase the physical activity level among older hong kong chinese australians, culturally - specific health promotion strategies might be needed to tackle the misconception about and specific attitudes towards physical activity, as well as to match the holistic chinese oncept of health maintenance

    文摘:身體活動指"由骨骼肌產生的體能消耗運動" ，是保持身體健康、增進社會交往的重要方式和途徑.在澳大利亞，雖然有研究調查民族群體身體活動的各個層面，但總體而言，多數研究更側重於民族群體的同質性，而忽視了其異質性.本研究探討在新南威爾士州居住的澳籍香港老年華人對身體活動的概念理解及對身體活動的態度.研究使用開放性問卷進行個體深度訪談，受訪者22人.研究發現，大多數受訪者不清楚"身體活動"這一術語的含義，對他們來說， "身體活動"是一個模糊的、復雜的術語.該群體對身體活動的態度反映了他們在預防性衛生保健方面的文化和健康觀念.顯然，提升澳籍香港老年華人的身體活動水平，需要一種基於文化特殊性的健康促進策略以解決對身體活動的誤解，同時也需要具體的身體活動態度與華人整體性保健觀念相匹配
  4. Physical activity has been defined as " any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure ". it is strongly endorsed as a means of staying healthy and an important avenue for social contact. although in australia, some studies have been conducted into the levels of physical activity in some ethnic communities, there has been a tendency to adopt a homogeneous view of culturally and linguistically diverse ( cald ) people rather than an ethno - specific perspective that recognises differing cultural beliefs and practices between and across language groups. this paper reports on a study that aimed to explore the concepts of, and attitudes towards, physical activity among older hong kong chinese australians resident in nsw. this study involved individual in - depth interviews and the use of open - ended questions. a total of 22 informants was recruited for the study. the findings revealed that most informants did not have a clear idea about what was meant by the term physical activity. " physical activity " tended to be a confusing and complicated term to this group. in addition, attitudes towards physical activity among this group reflect their cultural and health beliefs in preventive health care. to increase the physical activity level among older hong kong chinese australians, culturally - specific health promotion strategies might be needed to tackle the misconception about and specific attitudes towards physical activity, as well as to match the holistic chinese oncept of health maintenance

    身體活動指"由骨骼肌產生的體能消耗運動" ，是保持身體健康、增進社會交往的重要方式和途徑.在澳大利亞，雖然有研究調查民族群體身體活動的各個層面，但總體而言，多數研究更側重於民族群體的同質性，而忽視了其異質性.本研究探討在新南威爾士州居住的澳籍香港老年華人對身體活動的概念理解及對身體活動的態度.研究使用開放性問卷進行個體深度訪談，受訪者22人.研究發現，大多數受訪者不清楚"身體活動"這一術語的含義，對他們來說， "身體活動"是一個模糊的、復雜的術語.該群體對身體活動的態度反映了他們在預防性衛生保健方面的文化和健康觀念.顯然，提升澳籍香港老年華人的身體活動水平，需要一種基於文化特殊性的健康促進策略以解決對身體活動的誤解，同時也需要具體的身體活動態度與華人整體性保健觀念相匹配
  5. Last year i demanded specifically that the government maintain a level of reserves equivalent to a year s public expenditure and return the rest to the people of hong kong through the setting up of different foundation funds

    去年本人明目實價，建議政府保留一年儲備，並將餘款善用，通過設立基金，還富於民。
  6. Under the opening economy condition, the exchange rate not only is a variable that affects the trade revenue and expenditure, but also becomes an important variable that affects macroeconomic policy of a country, international balances of payments, the domestic price level and the employment. exchange rate system influences monetary policy ultimate objective, and the currency supplies are not easy to control because that our country forces to complete a sale collects and the maintains exchange rate stably

    在開放經濟條件下，匯率不僅是影響貿易收支的變量，而且成為影響一國宏觀經濟政策、國際收支平衡、國內物價水平和就業的重要變量。匯率制度影響貨幣政策最終目標，而且由於強制結售匯制度和維持匯率的穩定造成了貨幣中介目標貨幣供給量的內生性增強，外匯占款成為貨幣供給的主要渠道，大量外匯占款還改變了貨幣供給結構和貨幣政策傳導過程，加大了貨幣政策的操作難度。
  7. Economical responsibility audit, refer in particular to a higher level supervise activity of auditing authority or other auditing organization, accepting the commission of the relevant department, according to national laws and regulations and relevant policies, auditing the authenticity, legitimacy and benefit nature of financial revenue and expenditure of the department or unit when leading cadre holding a post, and the responsibility to relevant economic activity the leading cadre should shoulder, and apprising the economic duty how the leading cadre fulfil

    經濟責任審計，是特指審計機關或其他審計組織，接受有關部門的委託，依據國家法律法規和有關政策，審計領導幹部任職期間所在部門、單位財政收支、財務收支真實性、合法性和效益性，以及領導幹部本人對有關經濟活動應當負有的責任，包括主管責任和直接責任，藉以評價領導幹部履行經濟職責情況的較高層次的經濟監督活動。
  8. However, excessive tax competition may weaken the effectiveness of the tax incentives, hence incuring welfare loss ; ( ii ) in a non - cooperation tax competition equilibrium, it turns out that tax rates are set too low to fiance an efficient level of public expenditure, especially lowers the provision of the public goods benefiting residents ; ( iii ) competition for capital means the revenue from capital income taxation declines. in order to maintain the necessary public expenditure, the government would shift tax burden towards the more immobile labor, which may arouse the inequity issues on redistribution. chapter 3 : " the strategy of international tax competition and optimal capital taxation.

    但過度的稅收競爭反而會減弱稅收激勵政策的有效性，降低一國福利水平；其二，在非合作均衡狀態下，國際稅收競爭使所有國家的資本課稅都維持在缺乏效率的低稅率狀態，從而不能獲取足夠的財政收入，導致公共產品提供不足；其三，旨在吸引資本流入的稅收競爭，普遍降低了對資本所得的課稅，但政府為了獲取足夠的財政收入以維持正常的支出，會將本來由資本承擔的一部分稅負轉移到流動性較弱的勞動力身上。
  9. In a word, the consumption level and composition of rural households in jiangxi province is changing from the stage of dressing warmly and eating their fill to comfortably well - off. chapter five : analyzing consumption composition of urban and rural households by suing econometric model. the author studys consumption of urban and rural households in jiangxi province by using extended linear expenditure system ( eles ) model

    為了深入地了解江西城鄉居民的消費投向、基本消費需求、收入變動的影響、價格變動的影響，本文採用可擴展的線性支出系統，利用縱向時間序列和橫向橫截面的數據，對江西城鄉居民的消費需求結構進行了數量分析。
  10. Financial system, namely financial administrative system, shows the financial relations between the different levels of the government. it ' s basic parts include the position and responsibility of the government on each level in financial activities, the allocation of the financial revenue and expenditure and the settlement of monetary transfer between the different levels of government, and the integration of each independent parts into a complete whole

    財政體制，亦稱財政管理體制，它反映的是對政府間多層次的財政關系的處理，內容包括確定各級政府在整個財政活動中的地位和職責，在各級政府間劃分財政收入和支出，安排和處理它們之間的財力轉移關系，以及使這些各自行事的部分組成一個有機統一體。
  11. The main reasons of china ' s low household consumption rate for a long time are that : the too - high rate of investment directly leads to the low final consumption rate and extends to the low household consumption rate ; the overall low level of residents " income obstacles the final consumption expenditure and income - gap influence the consumption ratio ; the instabilities of the income anticipation is becoming stronger and the expenditure anticipation is increasing

    我國居民消費率長期偏低的主要原因有：投資率過高直接導致最終消費率偏低，從而使居民消費率偏低；居民整體收入水平不高，收入差距過大影響居民消費傾向；收入預期的不確定性增強，支出預期的增加，商品的供給結構不合理，消費環境中還存在諸多問題等。
  12. The expenditure of the local governments includes mainly the administrative expenses and various operating expenses at the level of local governments, expenditure for supporting rural production, expenditure for city maintenance and construction and expenditure for price subsidies, etc

    地方財政支出主要包括地方行政管理和各項事業費，地方統籌的基本建設、技術改造支出，支援農村生產支出，城市維護和建設經費，價格補貼支出等。
  13. Its primary task would be to define the level - not the structure - of taxation needed to finance expenditure decisions

    這個委員會主要負責確定稅收水平，而非稅收結構，以滿足支出決策的資金需要。
  14. We need to maintain the share of public expenditure in gdp at a low level in order to secure the health of our public finances

    我們有需要把公共開支所佔的比重保持在低水平，以確保公共財政穩健。
  15. Nowadays there are still a lot of problems in the expenditure structure of jilin province : first, the contradiction of too fast - increasing expenditure total amount and insufficient in total amount ; second, the coexistence of off side " and " omission " in supplied financial fund ; third, the serious support burden and fund waste of finance etc. the causes are the incomplete government function range, unclear duties of all level inter - governmental segregation and imperfect fiscal expenditure management system etc. all these obstacles in expenditure structure reduced the benefit of expenditure structure greatly

    然而當前吉林省財政支出結構存在著許多問題：第一，支出總量增長過快與支出總量不足的矛盾；第二，財政資金供給「越位」與「缺位」並存；第三，財政供養負擔過重，資金浪費嚴重等等。究其原因歸結為政府職能范圍調整不到位、各級政府間職責劃分不清以及支出管理制度不完善，水平低下等。支出結構存在的問題大大降低了財政支出效益。
  16. Although the studies about apparel expenditure in the world have reached a high level, it has still rare research in this field by data mining technique

    在研究中發現，盡管國際上家庭服裝消費研究在服裝支出領域己經達到了相當高的水準，但是在這一領域進行的數據挖掘技術的研究仍然幾乎是空白。
  17. Measuring analysis of social security expenditure level of china

    我國社會保障支出水平的測度分析
  18. Estimated to be $ 1. 6 per square foot ( gross floor area ) in accordance with the expenditure level of 1998

    以一九九八年當時之物價水平釐定，每平方尺之管理費約港幣
  19. However, even budgeting for the latest forecast expenditure level, the government will still record an operating deficit of 15. 4 billion

    個。不過，政府在新的開支預算下仍有
  20. The 35 - percentile household expenditure " is currently adopted as the standard personal allowance deductible in order to reflect more realistically the basic need of our target group of legal aid, i. e. households in the lower middle class and below, in terms of the household expenditure level

    現時採用「住戶開支第35個百分值」作為可扣除的標準個人開支豁免額，目的是更如實反映法律援助的服務對象即以住戶開支水平為準的中低階層及以下的住戶的基本需要。
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