expense of supervision 中文意思是什麼
expense of supervision
解釋
管理費用- expense : n. 1. （時間、精力、金錢等的）消耗，花消，消費。2. （無形的）損失；犧牲。3. 〈常 pl. 〉費用；（額外）開支。4. 費錢的東西。
- of : OF ＝Old French 古法語。
- supervision : n. 監督；管理。 under the supervision of 在…監督下。
-
For example, the administratively monopolized access regulation that caused the upper section ( railway network operation ) and lower section ( the transportation businesses ) integrated ; the relatively closed investment mechanism that at first mainly depended on government allocation, then mainly relied on railway ' s building fund ; the price regulation that controls the right of price setting strictly and keeps a low price level for a long time ; the income distribution regulation that with its income and expense carried out in two separate ways ; finally, the regulation framework that with the roles wrongly arranged and with inadequate supervision and lagged legislation
由此可以看出，我國鐵路規制體制的計劃經濟痕跡非常明顯：在進入上，實行「上下一體」的行政性壟斷；在投資上，實行先以國家為主而後以鐵路建設基金為主的相對封閉的投資體制；在運價上，國家嚴格控制定價權，並長期以來保持低價位；在收益分配上，實行收支兩條線的清算制度；最後，在規制的組織架構方面，不僅角色錯位，而且缺乏監督，立法滯后。
分享友人