first-order approximation 中文意思是什麼

first-order approximation 解釋
一次近似
  • first : adj 1 最初的，最早的。2 最上等的，第一流的。3 基本的，概要的。4 高音（調）的。n 1 最初，第一；第...
  • order : n 1 次序，順序；整齊；（社會）秩序，治安；狀況，常態；健康狀態；條理；會場秩序；議事程序，日程；...
  • approximation : n. 1. 接近；近似。2. 【數學】近似值。3. 概算，略計。
  1. This paper starts with interrogatory with capm ; analyzes the most basic risk concept, the risk expression method ; clarify the concept of systematic risk with idiosyncratic risk ; questions about marketing portfolio, diversification investment. then, we accept the capm as a reasonable first order approximation

    本文的思路是先破后立，將研究的起點放在對capm的質疑上，從分析最基本的風險概念、風險的表示方法入手，層層抽絲撥繭，對系統性風險與非系統性風險的劃分、市場組合、組合投資等概念提出疑問。
  2. A monotone approximation for a prey - predator system of first order

    被捕食系統的單調方法
  3. The first order weakly - guiding approximation for the eigenvalue equation of hybrid modes in a step - index optical fiber

    階躍光纖中混合模式特徵方程的一階弱導近似
  4. In soft - photon approximation, the average excitation energy only appears in the first and second order terms of field frequency

    在軟光子近似下，平均激發能僅出現在光場頻率的一階和二階項上。
  5. Secondly, the effectiveness and limitation of the classical perturbation, such as the method of multiple scales and the poincare - lindstedt method, are discussed in detail through a duffing oscillator with delayed velocity feedback. it is shown that the two perturbation methods are effective only in solving the approximate solution of the first two orders. an ambiguity or paradox will be encountered when they are used to seeking for the third or higher order approximation of solution

    其次，以一具有時滯速度反饋的duffing系統為例，研究了經典攝動法如多尺度法， poincar - lindstedt法等在求解時滯微分方程級數解時的適用性和局限性問題，指出利用這些方法只能有效求得系統的前兩階近似解，而在求系統的三次以上近似解時會出現矛盾或二義性。
  6. Absorbing the idea of the reference [ 3 ] and based on paper [ 2 ], the approximation theories of the global and pointwise of r + s order derivatives are obtained in the first part ; in the second part, the inequality of stechkin - marchaud type of generalized baskakov is studied

    第一節吸收[ 3 ]的思想，在[ 2 ]的基礎上得到了廣義baskakov運算元r + s階導數的點態和整體的逼近定理；第二節研究了廣義baskakov運算元的stechkin ? marchaud型不等式。
  7. The results of numerical experiments, using the four - dimensional variational data assimilation system of the nonhydrostatic mesoscale model mm5, show that : the tangent linear model and adjoint model conducted by keeping the " on - off " switches the same as the basic state, can provide a good approximation of the first - order information to the nlm perturbation and a good descent direction for the minimization procedure ; switching on and off at every other time step in the kuo cumulus parameterization scheme do n ' t impact the convergence rate of cost function ; the existence of the switches do n ' t impact improvement to the mm5 model rainfall prediction because that not only specific humidity, but also wind, temperature and pressure are assimilated into the model

    非靜力中尺度數值模式mm5的四維變分資料同化系統進行的數值試驗結果表明： 「開關」變量保持與基態一致，所構造的切向線性模式能夠提供關于非線性模式擾動的一階近似，伴隨模式所計算的梯度值能夠為最小化過程提供較好的下降方向；郭氏降水參數化方案中對流每隔一個積分步的交替發生並不影響目標函數最小化的收斂速度； 「開關」變量的存在也不影響將風、溫度、氣壓和比濕結合起來同化對mm5降水預報準確性的提高。
  8. After probable damage location through msecr, the method based on the sensitivity of orthogonality conditions gives good predictions of damage. this method overcomes the natural defect of the concept first order approximation of the ordinary sensitivity analysis method. but this method needs complete measured modes

    為克服靈敏度分析法一階近似的本質缺陷，基於正交條件靈敏度分析法，利用msecr對結構的損傷進行粗略定位后，給出了準確的識別結果，但這種方法的缺點是需要完備的實測振型。
  9. The main research work involves : ( 1 ) based on first order ode ( ordinary differential equation ) approximation theory and hopf bifurcation theory, the nonlinear motion stability of the train is studied emphatically

    本文所做的主要工作有： （ 1 ）基於常微分方程的一次近似理論和hopf分叉理論，重點研究了列車（車輛）系統的非線性運動穩定性。
  10. In addition, we formulated measures of ga - hardness for gas with real - valued encoding, and advanced the method of the first order function approximation

    對實數編碼遺傳演算法困難度的測試方法進行了分析，提出了一階函數逼近測試法。
  11. In this paper, we prove that for a three - level atom in a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, there is a coherent superposed state of its two states such that when the atom is initially in the state, under the zero - order approximation, the atom is always in the state hereafter, while the occupation probabilities that the atom is in other states are zero ; under the first - order approximation, the atom is nearly in the state, while the occupation probabilities that the atom is in other states near zero

    本文證明：對圓極化光中的三能級原子，存在著由它其中的兩個態構造的一個特殊的相干疊加態，當原子最初處于這個態時，它以後將總是幾乎處于這個態，而原子處于其他態的概率接近於零。
  12. 3. based on the characteristic of the sensor distribution inside a platform, a sensor registration model for single - platform alignment is given. with the taylor series, we can get the first - order approximation of the registration model

    根據平臺內傳感器空間布局特點給出平臺級傳感器的配準模型，並對配準模型進行一階近似，最後通過kalman濾波演算法求出系統偏差的估計。
  13. The stress and local stability constraints are transformed into movable lower bounds of sizes. an inverse variable xt = ? is inducted, and the objective function is expanded as second order taylor approximation while the displacement constriction is expanded as first order taylor approximation. the lemke algorithm is used to get the final design result

    把復雜的應力約束和局部穩定約束轉化為動態尺寸約束，引入倒變量x _ i 1 / a _ i將目標函數展開為二階近似，將位移約束用莫爾積分化為一階近似，用對偶規劃方法將原問題化為等價的二次規劃問題，調用lemke演算法，求得最優設計結果。
  14. ( 2 ) based on the phase space model of the zeroth and first order approximation, a regression - autoregression model and a regression - local linear regression model are proposed, which provided new method for dam safety monitoring

    在此基礎上，提出了逐步回歸?自回歸、逐步回歸?局域線性回歸等大壩觀測序列相空間模型，為大壩安全監控模型的建立與預測提供了新的思路與方法。
  15. In this paper, we study the periodic solutions of the impact oscillator with damping. first part, using continuation lemma and approximation method, we prove the existence of 2 - periodic admissible solutions for a class of second order bouncing differencial equations with damping

    在第一部分里，我們運用延拓引理與逼近框架，對於一類帶阻尼的二階碰撞方程，證明了2 -周期碰撞允許（ admissible ）解的存在性。
  16. After the compensation based on the rule of the minimum entropy, the resolution of the cross - range image is lower as the large size and non - uniform rotation, which cause the image to be not right at all sometimes. in order to eliminate effect of the non - stationary rotation, the first order approximation and relax algorithm are adopted to search the initial frequency, amplitude, frequency modulation rate and obtain the dynamic image of the target at any time

    分析了低分辯雷達的成像演算法，建立在最小熵補償基礎上的演算法得到的橫向像的解析度仍然比較低，尤其對大的目標和機動目標，為此我們採取了一階近似的relax演算法搜索目標的初始頻率、幅度、解調率從而獲得目標的動態一維像，模擬數據和試驗結果證明該方法是有效的。
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