fiscal function 中文意思是什麼
fiscal function
解釋
財政功能-
For the especial political regime in our nation avianizes the rural fiscal system of inward function, which induce phenomena as follows, during producing or providing public products as the deputy of rural residents ( mostly, peasantry ), whose are the village and town governments and their superior governments ( from the clientage aspect ). not only the substitutive costs from the village and town governments represent their revenue and expenditure, and that from superior governments transfer to it by the stimulant mode of them and their superior governments, but also the governments show the substitutive costs from their superior governments transferring as the form of the rural expenditure, which will increase their revenue and expenditure. it is village and town indebtedness of inherent mechanism
由於我國特殊的政治體制弱化了農村財政體制應有的功能，致使作為鄉鎮居民（主要為農民）代理人的鄉鎮政府及上級政府（從委託? ?代理關系的角度看）在生產或提供農村公共品時會產生以下現象：不僅鄉鎮政府產生的代理成本表現為鄉鎮支出，上級政府產生的代理成本會通過上級政府與鄉鎮政府激勵相容的方式而層層轉嫁給鄉鎮政府，而且鄉鎮政府有著將上級政府所轉嫁的代理成本進一步以鄉鎮支出的形式表現出來的激勵，從而加大了鄉鎮支出，這是鄉鎮負債產生的內在機理。 -
Fiscal cash register - part 4 : specification of device with eft function
稅控收款機第4部分:銀行卡受理設備規范 -
On the basis of which, the basic thought of controlling and resolving finance risk is brought forward. such as the conversion of financial function, the establishment of public finance and defensive mechanism of finance risk, the transaction of financial distribution relation, deepening the reformation of fiscal charges, strengthening supervisory legislation finance, finally keeping away and resolving finance risk
然後，分析了我國財政風險的一般形成機制和現實成因，並在此基礎上提出了我國財政風險的控制與化解的基本思路：轉變財政職能，建立公共財政；建立財政風險防範機制；理順財政分配關系，深化財稅改革；加強財政監督立法，最終防範和化解財政風險。 -
At first, analyze township scale change with two provinces and advantages and disadvantages of specific township financial system forms. secondly, analyze the quality and quantity of township financial revenue, study the historic developing locus of township financial system, and its function and the proper scope, holding the quantitative description of in - budget, off - budget and off - system financial funds. thirdly, it has a quantitative analysis of township fiscal expenditure duties rights, explicit educational duties rights and administrative management duties rights, having the elasticity analysis of educational expenditure administrative management expenditure
研究是按照如下分析邏輯展開：以鄉鎮財政的供給與需求為切入點，首先對鄉鎮規模變動進行分省區分析，並從鄉鎮財政體制的具體形式存在的利弊進行了分析；其次對鄉鎮財政收入體制進行了質量和數量分析，研究了鄉鎮財政體制形式的歷史發展軌跡，分析其作用和適宜范圍，對預算內、預算外和制度外三塊資金的變動規律進行了定量描述；再次，對鄉鎮財政支出事權進行了定量分析，明確了鄉鎮財政支出事權重點是教育事權和行政管理事權；對教育支出和行政管理支出彈性分析。 -
On the one hand, it " s imperative to change the current structure, to hand to market the products and services what market can provide efficiently to change the current distribution situation and increase the fiscal expenditure that market can " t do actively for the sake of good solution to " beyond its duty " and " not yet finish its duty ". on the other hand, fiscal expenditure should embody its function to promote a country ' s development and it ' s necessary to increase constructional expenditure such as fiscal investment in agriculture, back bone enterprises of state - owned economy, pillar industries, guiding industries, basic industries and so on to ensure the rapid and all - round development of our country
即一方面要改變現有的財政支出結構，按照公共產品理論把市場能夠有效提供的產品和服務交給市場以改變國家財政包攬過多的分配局面，加大市場不能有效供給產業的財政支出，解決好財政「缺位」和「越位」的問題；另一方面，要根據中國的國情，財政支出應該體現財政的促進發展的職能，增加經濟建設支出，特別是農業、國有經濟的骨幹企業、國家支柱產業、先導產業、基礎產業等的財政投資，確保國家快速、全面發展。 -
The accountant is supervised is fiscal one of basic function, also be the main component of supervisory system of our country economy
會計監督是會計的基本職能之一，也是我國經濟監督制度的重要組成部分。 -
From 1992 to 2000, while the elasticity of the country ' s administrative expenditure and of the sampled provinces is larger than 1 in 6 years, the elasticity of the nonprofit institution maintenance expenditure is larger than 1 in 2 years of the whole country, and in 4 years of the sampled provinces ; ( 5 ) the local fiscal expenditure structures are differentiated among the different regions, with the characteristic of the different local fiscal expenditure quotas per capita ; ( 6 ) the supply mechanism of the local finances is out of performance, and the resource allocation function of the local finances is obscure, with the functional scope and expenditure responsibility not adapted to the market economy ; ( 7 ) the problems of local public finance sustaining agriculture investment are as follows : first, the gross of the fund that local public finance sustaining agriculture is shortage
1992 ? 2000年，全國地方財政行政管理費（含公檢法支出）支出彈性， 9年的數值有6年在1以上；樣本省區9年的平均數值有6年在1以上。全國地方財政各類事業費支出彈性， 9年的數值僅有2年在1以上；樣本省區9年的平均數值有4年在1以上。 （ 5 ）不同地區財政支出結構差異大，主要表現在地方財政支出水平在不5 、論文針對實現地方對政支出結構持續優化的預期目標的需要，系統地研究提出了適宜的政策措施『所提出的政策措施主要是: （ 1 ）轉換政府職能，調整地方財政使用方向。 -
The discuss starts from the " positive externalities " of tech - research and development, pointing out that the products of tech - research and development somewhat has the property of " public good ". without < wp = 8 > government ' s interfere, the intensity of tech - research and development by private section ca n ' t meet the need of " pareto optism " because of the " positive externalities ", as a result, the items of venture capital are insufficient and the development of venture captal will be pull back. rational policies of government expediture can internalize the " positive externalities " - transforming them to more revenue or less cost of the tech - research and development private suppliers. be feared of the high risk at the beginning of venture capital, the private section ca n ' t provide enough capital, the " capital gap " should be fetched up by government with equity capital, creditor ' s right capital, subcidy, at the same time, some other means, such as government purchase, credit guarantee, capital insurance, tax expenditure can promte private capital, is also important. in this part, the function of the above means, the establishment and enforcment of them are breafly discussed. because tax policies play a critical role in fiscal policy, r - y chart is used to analyse the relation between tax and venture capital, at last, a conclution is drawn : tax expenditure can promote venture capital
這部分論述從科技研發成果的「外溢性」入手，指出科技研發成果在不同程度上具有「公共品」性質，這種外溢性使得在純市場條件下，私人部門研發活動強度達不到社會資源配置最優的要求，也使風險投資項目來源不足， < wp = 6 >阻礙風險投資的發展。合理的政府財政支出政策可以使「外溢性」內部化。之後，論述了風險投資資本來源與政府財政支出政策的關系，由於風險投資尤其是其初期的高風險性，民間風險資本不足，應由政府以股權及債權投資、補助等財政直接支出方式彌補資本缺口，運用政府采購、財政擔保、保險、貼息、稅收優惠等間接支出方式，鼓勵民間資本進入風險投資領域也同樣重要。 -
In the model of islm, we redraw the fiscal multiplier function, denoting that crowd - out effect anti - acts the multiplier effect, due to the rate of interest
首先在islm模型中，重新推導了財政支出乘數，指出由於利率的影響，擠出效應減弱了乘數效應。 -
The reformation of fiscal system makes the most importance in the management of government incomes and expenditures, improving the efficiency of fiscal funds, transforming the function of government, strengthening the market sense of the government ' s enterprise, regulating the content of industry
財政體制改革的深入開展，在規范財政收支管理，提高財政資金的使用效率，促進政府職能轉變，增強企業特別是國有企業的市場意識，促進產業結構調整等方面發揮了非常重要的作用。 -
The tax revenue is checked and works to increasing the tax revenues and fiscal revenues, optimize the environment of paying taxes, increase the consciousness of paying taxes that the taxpayer pays taxes consciously, attack and involve in the tax and breaks laws and commit the crime etc. and giving play to important irreplaceable function
稅收對國家的重要性可見一斑。要確保國家的稅收收入和，有賴于稅收稽查工作的鼎立相助。稅收稽查工作對增加稅收收入和，優化納稅環境、增迦納稅人自覺納稅的納稅意識，打擊涉稅違法犯罪等發揮著重要的不可替代的作用。 -
A moderate separation of the decision - making power is needed so as to meet the demands of the localities. as a necessary component of environmental and institutional construction, the government should take into consideration how to define government function in alleviating poverty under the market economy system and how to reform the fiscal and tax system and the financial transfer payment system. the application range of the poverty - reduction model should also be distinctly defined
此外，作為模式運行的配套環境和制度建設，本文著重提出：要明確市場經濟條件下政府反貧困職能的定位；進一步完善財稅體制和財政間轉移支付制度；要明確界定開發式扶貧模式的適用范圍，按照統籌城鄉經濟社會發展的思路，逐步建立中國農村基本社會保障制度，以提高扶貧整體成效。 -
Nowadays there are still a lot of problems in the expenditure structure of jilin province : first, the contradiction of too fast - increasing expenditure total amount and insufficient in total amount ; second, the coexistence of off side " and " omission " in supplied financial fund ; third, the serious support burden and fund waste of finance etc. the causes are the incomplete government function range, unclear duties of all level inter - governmental segregation and imperfect fiscal expenditure management system etc. all these obstacles in expenditure structure reduced the benefit of expenditure structure greatly
然而當前吉林省財政支出結構存在著許多問題：第一，支出總量增長過快與支出總量不足的矛盾；第二，財政資金供給「越位」與「缺位」並存；第三，財政供養負擔過重，資金浪費嚴重等等。究其原因歸結為政府職能范圍調整不到位、各級政府間職責劃分不清以及支出管理制度不完善，水平低下等。支出結構存在的問題大大降低了財政支出效益。 -
Thus, when functions and incomes can not be peer to peer, or local governments encounter fiscal gap inevitably, we need more detailed distinction to ensure the rationality of function that local governments take on, and we need transfer payment to realizes upright equilibrium and horizon equilibrium, ensuring inhabitants in different areas can enjoy fundamental or approximately equivalent public services
因此，在事權財權無法對等的情況，在地方政府不可避免存在財政缺口的情況，我們需要對支出職能更加詳細的劃分確保地方政府所承擔支出職能的合理性；我們需要依靠轉移支付來實現縱向平衡和橫向平衡，保證不同地區的居民都能享受到最基本或大體相當的公共服務。 -
As the junction of fiscal and monetarial policy, the nb has the double function ; regarding with the tax, as sort of fiscal revenue, and with the liquditlity, rate of interest, as sort of quasi - monetary
一方面為財政支出籌集資金，這就涉及了國債與稅收之間關系；另一方面國債做為一種「準貨幣」 ，這又就涉及到了流動性、利率以及對貨幣量擴張的影響。 -
Rethinking about fiscal function : a discussion with prof. yang canming
兼與楊燦明教授商榷 -
But under the condition of planned economy, to meet the special needs, the four banks have taken the form of state - owned property right and acted as the fiscal function of government
而在計劃經濟條件下，為符合當時特定的歷史需要，四家銀行採取國有獨資的產權形式，充當政府財政職能。 -
The action of formulary standard treasurer that the demand that the accountant monitors is according to law, monitor the economic activity of the unit through fiscal function action, make sure accountant data is true, complete, strengthen economic management and financial management, uphold economic order
會計監督的要求就是依照法律的規定規范會計行為，通過會計的職能作用監督單位的經濟活動，保證會計資料真實、完整，加強經濟治理和財務治理，維護經濟秩序。 -
Fiscal function inherently belongs to a government and should change accordingly with the change of governmental function. the fiscal expenditure structure of a government embodies its fiscal function. therefore, it ' s the first step to clarify the fiscal policy objective and properly define the fundamental content of the fiscal function
財政職能是政府活動所固有的經濟活動，隨著政府職能的轉變，與其相適應的財政職能也應該轉變，一個國家財政支出結構是其財政職能的具體體現，因此，要研究財政支出結構，首先必須弄清政府在一定時期的財政政策目標取向，合理界定財政職能的基本內容。 -
The thesis consists of four parts : the first part : theoretic analysis of government roles in higher education. based on the schools of public goods and fiscal function, the author analyzes the reasons, areas and ability of government roles in the field of higher education, and analyzes the models government could choose to affect higher education at last
文章分為四部分：第一部分高等教育領域政府作用的理論分析以公共產品論、財政職能論為基礎，分析了政府作用於高等教育領域的原內容提要因、領域和能力，最後分析了政府干預高等教育的模式選擇。
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