fourth market 中文意思是什麼
fourth market
解釋
〈美國〉第四市場〈投資者之間直接進行的末掛牌證券的交易〉。-
Four aspects are summed up : construction of new plantation production system according to the market ' s demand ; formation of industrial advantage by developing region agriculture, scale management and specialized production level ; change from the direct trade to processing trade of agricultural products ; attaching great importance to barley production, thus promoting the development of feed processing and food industrial. in the fourth chapter, the dissertation poses some necessary measures of the adjustment and escalation of hubei rural industrial structure. it mainly includes : deepening the property right system reform of rural land ; blazing new trails in the system ; reforming the rural science and technology mamgement system ; enhancing macroscopic regulation ; carrying out the cities and towns strategy ; reconstructing the structure of the agricultural development according to the comparative advantage law
第四章，提出了湖北農村產業結構調整升級的配套措施，主要包括：深化農村土地產權制度改革，促進農業生產要素合理流動與優化配置；實行制度創新，促進農村資本市場發育，為農村產業結構調整升級提供資金保證；改革企業科技管理體制，用高新科技改造和武裝農業，為農村產業結構調整升級提供技術支撐；加強宏觀調控力度，為農村產業結構調整升級提供正確導向和有力指導；實施城鎮化戰略，促進農村產業結構整體優化；搞好農業市場定位，按比較優勢原則，重構農業發展格局。 -
Six foundation works : first, projects to prevent flood, avoiding huai river overflow again ; second, projects of comprehensive traffic, perfecting the highway, railway, waterway and aviating traffic network ; third, ecological environmental protection project to improve peoples living conditions and strengthen environmental ecological construction progressively ; fourth, construction of " digital fuyang ", realizing datamation of product design, automation of production process, and electronization of commercial market ; fifth, sincere project of fuyang, advancing all kinds of sincere institutional improvement of same trade, forming morals based on sincerity, and personal integrity ; sixth, talents market project, developing human resources diversely
六項基礎工程：一是防洪保安工程，切實根除淮河心腹之患；二是綜合交通工程，完善公、鐵、水、空綜合交通網路；三是生態環保工程，改善人居生活條件，加強環境生態建設；四是數字阜陽工程， .逐步實現產品設計數據化、生產過程自動化、營銷商務電子化；五是誠信阜陽工程，推進各類同業誠信制度建設，形成誠信為本、操守為重的社會風尚；六是人才強市工程，多方位開發人力資源。 -
The fourth charter research the withdraw law system of listed company in developed countries and districts including america, japan and hong kong district in china and get many benefic remark building our own stock market, as a result, we found that improvement of a mature stock market must emphasis on the withdraw law system of listed company in order to make it play an essence role in stock market, the formulation of the withdraw law system of listed company should accord with the rule and trait of market economy, at the same time, we must pay attention to its responding accessorily measures
第四章為成熟證券市場上上市公司退市法律制度研究。主要介紹了美國、日本、香港證券市場的退市法律制度。並從中得到啟示：一個有效完整的證券市場必須重視退市法律制度的作用，而退市制度應當符合市場發展的本質和內在規律，且有相應的配套制度作為鋪墊。 -
China has become malaysia ' s largest export market of palm oil and caoutchouc, and the fourth largest export market of the latter ' s electronic products
中國已成為馬來西亞棕櫚油和天然橡膠的最大出口市場和電子產品第四大出口市場。 -
Because of imperfect in regulation, laws and market, the model brings out lots of problems such as insider - control, excessive freedom for large stockholder, no efficiency of supervisory, hollowing out the listed firm, etc. the fourth chapter : to solve the problems of corporate governance in china, we must do these things as follow : to diminish the difference of currency stock and incurrence stock, to realize that common stocks have common rights, to perfect the stimulation and control mechanism, to perfect the - structure of the board of the directors through introducing independent directors, to perfect market system and law system
4 、研究問題的目的是為了解決問題，而要解決我國公司治理中的問題，不但要克服制度構造的缺陷，逐步縮小流通股與非流通股的利益差別，實現同股同權：要完善公司的激勵、約柬機制，改善董事會的結構，引進獨立董事，加強公司對其他利益相關者利益的考慮：而且還要建立和完善市場體系，加強法律和執法體系的建設，使外部治理市場和法律、法規在公司治理中發揮強勢的監督和約柬功能，最終形成公司治理的良勝生態環境。 -
The fourth section look back the past developed stratagem of changhong, introduce priding singleton - policy and flattop - theory making changhong grandness, set up stably and citadel sale stratagem and market stratagem, have a theoretic cognition to developing course of changhong
介紹了長虹引以為豪的「獨生子女」政策，使長虹發展壯大的航空母艦理論，建立鞏固根據地的銷售戰略和進攻性的市場戰略。通過對過去戰略的回顧，對長虹的發展過程有一個理論上的認識。 -
There is also a “ third market ” which is the over - the - counter trading of listed stocks and a “ fourth market ” where large institutions trade directly with each other without going through brokers
「三級市場」也進行上市股票的場外交易，大型機構在「四級市場」直接交易而不通過經紀人。 -
The third, it analyzes some question about feasibility analysis and provides some means to solve theses question. the fourth, it studies some important problem about real estate feasibility analyzing such as : the market segment and market position of real estate, consumer market and consumer buying action analyzing, the financial evaluation of real estate project, the analysis of risk of real estate project, the indefiniteness analyzing of real estate project. in the part of feasibility analyzing of s real estate project, it analyzes the feasibility of the s project from three aspects including marketing feasibility, engineering and technology feasibility, economical feasibility, then makes a conclusion of feasibility analyzing of s project, together with some suggestion to the problem of s project
第四，對房地產開發項目可行性分析中應重點關注的一些問題進行了較為深入的探討，具體包括：準確地進行房地產市場細分與定位：房地產市場細分的準則，房地產市場定位的任務，房地產市場定位的誤區與對策；認真研究消費者市場及消費者購買行為：影響消費者購買行為的因素，消費者購買決策過程分析，消費者購買行為分析，消費者分析通常應涉及的問題；科學地進行開發項目的財務評價：靜態評價及其優缺點，動態評價及其優缺點；加強開發項目的風險分析：房地產開發項目風險的特點類型，風險的總體狀況及變化趨勢，開發項目風險的防範策略；重視開發項目的不確定性分析：盈虧平衡分析，敏感性分析，概率分析。 -
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。 -
According to the consultant report " 2001 - 2002 china it market report " issued by ccid consulting co., ltd., the most authoritative information industry supervisory institute in the prc, dawning has taken the top and fourth position in market lead for total sales of risc server and ia server in the prc and is the third leading brand in the country s league for all brand names of servers for the year 2001, with an overall market share of 17. 5 %
根據國內權威信息發展監察機構賽迪諮詢顧問有限公司《 2001 - 2002年中國it市場報告》指出，曙光信息在國內的risc服務器和ia服務器的銷售額，分別居於首位及第四名，並且是2001年國內服務器市場綜合品牌的第三大品牌，占市場份額17 -
At last, the author discussed the approach of releasing the two types of risk, pointing out that it must be the only outlet to breaking the path dependence effect and pushing the institutional bifurcation. the innovativeness of the dissertation was manifested in the following facets : first, the two heterodox paradigms were concluded after a thorough and systematical retrospect ; second, a brand - new framework was established by embracing the two paradigms ; third, the concepts of risk and financial risk, especially their information and institutional contains, were expatiated under the framework ; fourth, the characteristics of china ' s economic structure and financial structure and their theoretical meanings were well concluded ; fifth, the commercial banking systematical risk and the stock market systematical risk of china were well explored and explained, and some solutions were reached
文章創新之處主要體現在以下幾點：通過對既有文獻的廣泛深入了解，歸納出兩個可能對主流經濟學形成挑戰的經濟學研究範式；通過模型化模擬，探討了將兩個範式相互融會貫通、從而建立起具有更好解釋能力和預測能力的理論體系的可能；在上述理論體系下對風險與金融風險進行了經濟理論和經濟史理論層面上的闡釋；以上述闡釋為基礎，對我國經濟結構與金融結構特點進行了理論歸納，對我國目前的商業銀行系統風險與股票市場系統風險進行了深入剖析，並總結出可行的化解途徑。 -
The four major reasons can be concluded as following, the first is the lack of individual credit system ; the second is the low reputation of individual credit ; the third reason is the huge enterprise operation risk caused by distemperedness of market rules ; and the fourth one is the low anti - risk ability of chinese commercial bank
但是，由於我國個人信用制度的缺失、個人信用度低下、市場規則不健全導致的企業經營風險過大（尤其是房地產業）以及我國商業銀行本身抗風險能力不足等原因，使銀行在消費信貸業務上面臨著極大的風險。 -
This paper includes five parts. the first is to review the study on the subject ; the second is to discuss the characteristic of chian ' s stock market. the change of money - admitted policy and the questions on the study. the third is to verify the size effect in china ' s stock market by using correlation test and regression test on the bases of four different criterions, each criterion will be applied with two time - series methods. the fourth is to summary the main character of four different criterions, and apply joint test to the criterions that were proved the best concerning the size effect. the illiquidity risk was introduced to the study, the indexes of turn - over rate and the fluctuation of turn - over were used here. however, other factors that may influence the invest return rate as circulating rate and size were also included. according to the result, the size effect will be interpreted. the fifth is to summary the size effect and its explaination, and then to provide some useful invest strategies based on the conc lusion above
論文分五部分，第一部分對小公司效應的有關研究文獻進行回顧;第二部分我國股票市場的狀況、資金供給政策的變化和我國股票市場實證的相關問題進行論述;第三部分對我國股票市場的小公司效應按照四種不同的規模標準分類，每一種標準均分兩種不同的統計周期分段標準進行實證分析;第四部分小結不同的規模分類、不同統計周期分段的統計結果特徵，然後對小公司效應最明顯的規模分類標準進行多因子聯合回歸分析，這里引入了流動性風險因素，其用換手率和換手率波動指標來衡量，還分別引入了其它影響投資收益率的因子，分別是規模、流通比例。 -
The dissertation is divided into four parts : the first part differentiates and analyses three concepts related to high - tech products, and introduces home and international methods of ascertaining high - tech products and their characteristics ; the second one synopsizes the traditional methods of pricing common commodities and means of evaluating immaterial assets and these methods " inapplicability contrasted to high - tech products ; the third one summarizes the main factors of affecting the high - tech products price and principles that should be followed ; the fourth one puts forward different pricing methods based on different market structures
本文共分為四部分：第一部分主要辨析與高新技術產品相關的三個概念，並介紹了目前國內外確定高新技術產品的方法及高新技術產品的特點；第二部分對一般產品的定價方法和技術型無形資產的評估方法進行簡要的描述，並闡述了它們對高新技術產品定價的不適用性以及可借鑒之處；第三部分在第二部分的基礎上，總結出高新技術產品定價的影響因素及定價原則；第四部分在前面的基礎上提出基於各種市場結構的高新技術產品定價方法。 -
First, far away from the floating population area ; second, through the strict measure of disinfecting ; third, the only family of only door, does not interfere with each other ; fourth, can cook by oneself ( depend on the distance ftom the market ) ; fifth, better than the facility and condition of the hotel ; sixth, economical and practical
一是遠離流動人口區域；二是經過嚴格的消毒措施；三是獨門獨戶，互不干擾；四是可自己做飯（靠市場近） ；五是比賓館的設施和條件好；六是經濟實惠。 -
Goes to the farthest one, the farthest one, the far end. there are many other methods, if you choose to experience, you can choose. there are many in the market : some go to the astral world, some go to the, third or the fourth, but not many can go to the fifth
如果你要體驗的話，在市面上有許多的法門讓你選擇，有些可到阿修羅世界，有些可到第二世界，有些去更遠的世界如第三界或第四界，但可到達第五界的並不多。 -
There are many other methods, if you choose to experience, you can choose. there are many in the market : some go to the astral world, some go to the, third or the fourth, but not many can go to the fifth. so, our method, our practice is to take you to the fifth before we set you free
如果你要體驗的話，在市面上有許多的法門讓你選擇，有些可到阿修羅世界，有些可到第二世界，有些去更遠的世界?如第三界或第四界，但可到達第五界的並不多。 -
The main body, which includes 5 parts : in the conception section, first, it reknew the conception of both culture tourism and marketing position, in order to clear the concept and made it a guide of the whole article ; in the marketing section, next, it has studied on the world tourism market for its developing tendency and distinctive feature. it analyzed the present conditions of chongqing cultural market and also made prediction about it ; third, in the resources section, in the light of diversity, this part made a clear classification on chongqing cultural resources according to their characteristics ; the fourth part, in the product section, it give a position analysis about two things : the overall image, and the products of chongqing cultural tourism, and also made correlative strategies of them ; in the communicating section, fmally, it is mainly about how to communicate with tourism consumers, how to build up a good image of cq cultural tourism in their minds, and let them have a good understanding
正文部分分為五個問題進行論述：首先對文化旅遊與市場定位的定義進行了重新認識，以求清晰概念，指導研究；第二，對世界旅遊市場發展的趨勢、特點和重慶地區文化旅遊市場發育現狀及開發前景進行分析和預測；第三，以差異化為劃分依據，對重慶地區的人文旅遊資源按其資源特色進行歸類簡括梳理：第四，對重慶文化旅遊的總體形象與重慶文化旅遊產品進行定位分析，提出了形象概念和產品定位的相關策略；最後，對如何利用有效溝通手段，在旅遊消費者心目中建立對重慶文化旅遊形象與重慶文化旅遊產品的良好認知，進行具體分析。 -
By contrast, private sector construction boosted by the buoyant property market, expanded robustly in the first three quarters of 1997, before slowing towards the fourth quarter as interest rates rose chart 2
相反，由於一九九七年首三季物業市場交投暢旺，私營機構建設活動蓬勃發展，到了第四季才因利率上升而放緩圖二。 -
In the fourth chapter, by the theoretic and comparison, a series of methods improving the venture capital mechanism in china have been put forward, such as : enlarging the financing source, setting up the multi - level financing system, developing more efficient and incentive organization form such as. fund form and limited partnership form. improving the risk control and strengthening management after investment. besides these methods, we should develop different way to reclaim the capital, such as going on the stock market through purchasing or borrowing stock shell and enterprise repurchase, the property exchange market and otc market are also considerable
如：進一步擴大風險資本來源，建立多層次的資本來源體系；在組織形式上，目前以公司制為主，待條件成熟時積極發展運作效率更高、激勵機制更強的基金制和有限合夥制；加強投資后的管理，改善對投資風險的控制；在退出機制上，提出了應積極發展買殼上市和借殼上市、企業回購、通過產權交易市場和場外交易市場退出等多種退出方式。
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