grana 中文意思是什麼
grana
解釋
（復）基粒-
Artichoke hearts in oil 285g grana padano 200g
寶麗牌油浸亞支竹心285g -
Changes in chloroplast composition non - leaf organs have fewer and smaller chloroplasts than leaves. glumes and awns are organs directly exposed to light but they contain more grana per chloroplast, bigger granal stacks and more thylakoids per granal stacks and therefore their chloroplasts are more simi
4明顯高於旗葉；若以放氧為標準，比較功能葉和非葉器官的光合活性，發現以葉綠素為單位，非葉器官的放氧速率與旗葉相當，或甚至高於旗葉；以單穗為單位，最高可相當于旗葉的28 。 -
The chloroplasts of the mesophyll, by contrast, appear normal and contain grana, but do not form starch grains
相比較而言，葉肉細胞內的葉綠體數目少、含基粒，但不形成澱粉粒。 -
These stacks of thylakoids are called grana.
這些成堆的類囊體稱為質體基粒。 -
During the process of senescence, the structural abnormality occurred firstly in chloroplast in which chloroplast grana disordered and stromal lamellae twisted and in which starch grains became bigger and osmiophilic granules increased, and then converged into bigger granules
葉綠體最早出現結構異常：基粒結構紊亂，基質內囊體發生扭曲、澱粉粒由小變大、嗜鋨顆粒由少變多再逐漸匯集成大的顆粒。 -
Grana stacks have the interesting property of unfolding in low ionic strength medium.
在低離子強度介質中，基粒垛疊能打開這是一個有意思的性質。 -
When inadequate n was added, the chloroplast structure in mesophyll cell was damaged in ear leaf, the amount of carbohydrate decreased in mestome sheath, and excessive n - redistribution and n - transportation to grain from vegetative mass appeared, which resulted in earlier leaf senescence. excessive n application led to too high activity of nitrate reductase, excessive vigorous nitrogen metabolism and too much exhaustion of carbohydrate in ear leaf, which resulted in the lack of enough carbohydrate in the lower leaf, meanwhile, the expansive chloroplast grana lamellae in leaf mesophyll cell and starch grain without nuclear in mestome sheath cell was observed, which led to the decrease of chlorophyll content and photosythetic capacity in maize leaf, then the early senescence occured
氮肥用量不足導致穗葉葉肉細胞葉綠體結構性差，維管束鞘細胞碳水化合物累積減少，營養體氮素再分配率大而引起葉片早衰；而過量供氮則導致生長後期硝酸還原酶活性過高，氮素代謝過旺，消耗了大量碳水化合物，以致下位葉不能得到充足的碳水化合物供應而提早脫落，同時葉肉細胞葉綠體片層結構膨脹，呈「肉汁化」特徵，維管束鞘細胞澱粉粒大量消耗，無核澱粉粒出現，從而葉片葉綠素含量下降，光合能力降低而出現早衰。 -
With the light microscope these stacks are just visible as grains ( grana )
可以用光學顯微鏡觀察到這些堆積成顆粒狀的物質（質體基粒） 。 -
The stacks of thylakoids are called grana, which are also joined together by membranes
成堆的類囊體叫作質粒，它們之間也是由膜相連的。 -
In all plants except algae, the thylakoids overlap at intervals to form stacks, like piles of coins, called grana
在除了藻類的所有植物中，許多圓盤狀的類囊體疊置成垛，稱為基粒。 -
The cells of the bundle sheath that surround the vascular tissues are large and contain specialized elongated chloroplasts that do not contain grana, but form starch grains
它的特點為：圍繞在維管組織外層的維管束薄壁細胞較大，並含有較大的葉綠體，這些葉綠體中不含基粒，但形成澱粉粒。 -
The author consider that the grana are steroid hormone according to the studies of domestic and overseas scholars, the big grana should be androgens, the small grana should be estrogens
作者結合國內外學者的研究分析，這種顆粒物質是類固醇激素，大顆粒應該是雄性激素，小顆粒應該是雌性激素。 -
In addition, at the ultrastructure scale, there are evident differences in chloroplast. in lower salinity ( 50, 100mm ), the lamellae of stoma and grana in some chloroplast expanded lightly ; the boundary of the chloroplast was dim
在50 、 100mhnacl處理下，細胞中有些葉綠體的基質、基粒片層稍有變形，被膜界限出現模糊現象，類囊體出現膨大。 -
The observation by transmission electron microscope indicated that while a. vera l. had been shaded for six months, it showed decreased chloroplast grana and decreased and loosely arranged thylakoid lamellas in its leaf cells and the starch originally accumulated in its leaf plastids declined until it disappeared, presented such underdeveloped inner - membrane systems as endoplasmic reticula and golgiosomes
電鏡觀察結果表明，遮蔭處理6個月後，庫拉索蘆薈葉片細胞中葉綠體基粒數量減少，類囊體片層數目減少且排列疏鬆，質體中原來積累的澱粉粒逐漸減少直至消失；內質網、高爾基體等內膜系統不發達。
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