gray market 中文意思是什麼
gray market
解釋
灰市〈私人輸入商品之市場〉。-
Our company is losing a lot of money to similar products being sold on the gray market
由於類似產品在灰色市場上銷售，我們公司損失很大。 -
Flickinger said he suspects that the fdas actions willmainlyaffect the so - called gray market of consumer products
弗里金格說，他想fda的上述行動主要會影響所謂「灰色市場」 。 -
Okay, the first matter at hand : gray market goods. as if i needed to say it again. the purchase of human articles from the gopher underground is strictly prohibited
好，手頭上的第一件事:水貨問題。似乎我有必要重申一點：任何從非法的地下市場購買人用物品的行為都是嚴格禁止的。 -
Northeastern also received a grant from the national institute of justice to educate students about al - qaeda banking and the " gray market, " the practice of transferring money from abroad to other countries, possibly to finance illicit activities
該大學還得到了全國司法研究所的撥款，就「基地」組織的資金運作以及「灰色市場」 （將資金從海外轉移到其他國家，並可能用於資助非法活動的行為）等內容對學生進行培訓。 -
The 35n12 series products ( commonly called as widenning 153 ) are the alloy gray casting iron brake drum that our company and bridge limited company of the east windmill jointly developed, it has such a series of superior performance as wear - resisting decreasing, heat resistant splitting, high strength, balances well, dispels the heat fast, longe - livedding, etc., formed a complete set extensivly and original packaging on a lot of domestic famous luxurious motor buses ( the occupation rate of market above 70 % ), for example it is gold for dragon, the coherent in space, ann triumphant, fei shen, daewoo, the capital, tai hu, it is the wild for japan, in majestic, the changjiang river, explaining fertile
35n12系列產品（俗稱加寬153 ）是我公司與東風車橋有限公司聯合研製開發的合金灰鑄鐵制動鼓，它具有耐磨損、抗熱裂、高強度、平衡好、散熱快、壽命長等一系列優越性能，被廣泛原裝配套于國內許多著名豪華大客車上（市場佔有率在70 %以上） ，比如金龍、宇通、安凱、沈飛、大宇、京華、太湖、日野、中威、長江、申沃等。 -
With experiences of taking part in air - logistics market ' s investigating in shenzhen airport and ningbo air - port, and on the basis of gathering and analyzing the materials, the main aim of this paper is to study developing strategy in air - logistics of chinese airport in whole made a analysis of our airport present situation. then, on the point of airport, the author propose a theory including constructing air - logistics net and airport logistics center, enjoying airport code together, developing these airport with better conditions and the frame on how to construct air - logistics information system etc. in addition, the author predicts indexes related to air - logistics through utilizing two kinds of quantitative analysis methods, namely linear regression and gray - system
通過參加深圳機場物流園區市場調研課題及到寧波機場貨運公司市場部參加兩個月的寧波空運市場調研，收集和分析第一手資料，結合調研過程中所獲取的認識，本論文進而對我國機場的全局物流發展戰略進行研究，綜合分析我國機場現狀，站在機場角度，對我國航空物流的總體發展戰略提出構造航空物流網路、建設機場物流配送中心、機場代碼共享、優先發展條件優越機場、航空物流信息系統體系構造模式等策略。 -
However, our listed companies of state - owned exist the serious insider control problem, for example making use of the job power to take the gray income, incumbency to consume to inflate etc. these activities violated the shareholder rights seriously, affecting the company oneself contain the preface movement, breaking the investment environment of china, also resulting the healthy development of stock market in endanger
然而，我國國有控股上市公司內卻存在著嚴重的內部人控制問題，如利用職權牟取灰色收入、在職消費膨脹等。這些活動嚴重侵害了股東權益，影響了公司自身的有序運行，破壞了中國的投資環境，也給證券市場健康發展造成危害。 -
The thesis summarizes the basic theories of price discrimination, expatiated on the multi - class differential pricing method and dynamic differential pricing theory ; concludes the factors that have impacts on tickets - price, analyses and classfies the factors ; brings forward a canonical method of market segmentation, introduces the process of market segmentation based on the model of gray relative level, discusses the idiographic measure of ticket - price control ; improves the academic achievements of former scholars, puts forward a model of multi - class dynamic differential pricing for the air passenger transport, which is based on the maximum revenue for the airline industry, and gives a approximate arithmetic of the model, then showes the application of the model and its feasibility on increasing airline industry ’ s revenue by 25 models
在對民航定價的國內外研究現狀進行綜述的基礎上，從經濟學角度介紹差別定價的基本理論，闡述民航客運的多等級差別定價理論和動態差別定價理論;對民航票價的影響因素進行分類說明;作為多等級定價的基礎，提出市場細分的標準和方法，用灰色關聯度模型解決航空旅客市場細分問題，並提出票價控制的具體措施;引入一種旅客到達頻率預測的統計方法，以航空公司收益最大化為目標，建立基於多等級定價基礎上的動態差別定價模型，即多等級動態差別定價模型，給出模型的遞歸演算法，通過對動態差別定價模型的運行結果進行分析，建立模型的一種近似模型，並且用25個簡單算例說明模型的用法以及在提高航空公司收益方面的可行性。 -
On the analysis of the aging. chapter one expounds the foreground of the gray - headed market according as the theory " business opportunities is the integration of population, supply & demand and purchasing power ". chapter two describes the current situation of the gray - headed market, briefly analyzes the causes concerning markrting and recognizes the senior market. the main point of chapter three is about the consuming motivation, the mental and behaviorial characters of senior consumers. chapter four is the key part of this thesis, mainly dissertating the marketing tactics focusing on the gray - headed market
第二部分對我國老年市場的現狀進行了描述，重點分析了市場營銷方面的原因，並且對我國老年市場作了重新認識。第三部分重點研究了我國老年消費者的消費動機、消費心理特徵和消費行為特徵。第四部分是本文的重點，論述了面對老年市場我國企業如何採取正確的市場營銷策略。 -
We consider gray income as part of the manager ' s income and define the generalized “ career concern ”, and give up the assumption of completely competitive market
本文明確引入「灰色收入」作為企業營者收入一部分，定義廣義的「職業生涯考慮」 ，同時，放棄了完全競爭市場的假設。 -
Above mentioned many of the measures added advanced plc and computer control enable the machine had excellent comprehensive function, the current is one of the forst selections in our domestic market for customers in knitted gray dyeing
以上所述多種措施加上先進的plc及電腦控制，使該機綜合性能優異，是當前國內用戶針織類坯布染色的首選設備之一。 -
With the increasing number of the elderly. the gray - headed market has become an inportant subdivisional market many merchants must attach great importance to
隨著人類社會的老齡化程度的不斷加深，老年市場已經成為商家進行市場營銷時無法忽視的一個細分市場。 -
But there are still theories that have n ' t been systemicly introduced, such as the foreground of the gray - headed market, the characters of senior consumers and the marketing tactics towards the senior market. this thesis focuses on the above mentioned theories
本文對老年市場存在的一些問題從理論上進行了系統性的研究。本文共分為四部分。第一部分在分析我國老齡化特徵的基礎上，詳細分析了我國老年市場的前景。 -
Combining the traditional methods of market demand forecasts, such as linear regression, gray system, generalized weighted proportional combination forecasting, the author also have analysed and forecasted the actual example in this paper, which clearly response the applied logic of using petri net model to resolve the question of market demand forecasts. the founded model of petri net in resolving market demand forecasts has the characteristic of pertinence and universality. the key issue of those important problems often occurred in marketing is the market mix decision and regulate - control analysis and the question of how to enhance the market share of products is the foundation to resolve this issue
論文還結合線性回歸、灰色系統、廣義加權平均組合預測等傳統市場預測方法對實例進行了分析和預測，充分清楚地反映了應用petri網模型進行市場營銷需求預測的應用邏輯，所建模型對于解決市場需求預測問題具有較強的針對性和普遍性；市場營銷組合決策和調控分析是市場營銷眾多問題中的一個重點，如何有效提高產品的市場佔有率是該問題的出發點。 -
Gray system model of market segmentation
市場細分的灰色系統模型 -
Firstly, aiming the marketing of hydroelectricity, that is, under the situation of separated plant and network, and entering the market by the competition of price, the author analyzed the advantages of the development of hydroelectricity. secondly the author made a medium - long - period forecast and evaluation of the electric load of the accepting - electricity area by gray - and - nerve network matrix
首先針對水電市場化問題，即在廠網分家、竟價上網的形勢下，水電發展的優勢何在進行了探討；其次應用灰色與神經網路模型對受電區電力負荷進行了中長期預測與評價；通過梯級開發順序的基本理論與方法研究，得出黃河上游水電梯級開發順序的兩個備選方案。 -
In the first stage, p coefficient is computed with time serial method ; and in the second stage, as the regressions are cross section by nature, after the linear fitting of stock values on the market to the stock values being assessed, and after the statistical tests, the relations between them are analyzed with the method of gray - related - degree, besides, on the basis of choosing model parameter rationally, the suitability of dcf to chinese capital market is testified as well
本文實證研究採用了雙程回歸技術和灰色關聯度分析方法，第一程是用時間序列求系數；第二程回歸在性質上是橫截面的，通過對股權評估價值與股權市場價值的線性擬合，對其進行統計檢驗；最後，通過灰色關聯度分析方法，分析了二者的關聯關系，檢驗了在合理選擇模型參數的基礎上， dcf方法在我國資本市場上的適用性。 -
By the analysis of the present electro - market in handan, this dissertation applies the method of gray system to forecast the electro - prospect in this region, and indicates the existing potential of load regulation
論文在對邯鄲地區用電市場現狀分析的基礎上，運用灰色預測方法預測出該地區的供用電前景，並指出存在的調荷潛力。 -
The thesis composed of 10 chapters. the forefront half part of which introduces the demand for energies and it ' s forecast and analysis, and trying to find the defects of the power market in weixian county, gray model system and monopoly line recurrence are used in the problem of analysis and forecast
全文共分十章，一到五章主要是魏縣地區能源需求和預測分析，從中找出魏縣地區電力市場的缺陷和不足，主要應用了灰色理論和一元線性回歸預測方法。 -
The new method extends and innovates the fed gray - scale modulating. since now the dedicated fed driver ic is rare in the market, it would be of significance for promoting the development of fed driving - circuit technology
文中子行灰度調制方法的提出是對于fed灰度調制方法的擴展與創新，在目前市場上的fed專用驅動晶元鳳毛麟角的情況下，對推動fed驅動電路技術的發展具有很強的現實意義。
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