groundwater condition 中文意思是什麼

The analysis results show that the technical code for sanitary landfill in china would satisfy the antipollution request of surrounding site and groundwater, on condition that the water level in landfills is limited to a small value

分析結果表明，我國的衛生填埋技術規范對填埋場襯墊的要求是可行的，但還需限制填埋場內的滲濾液浸潤線水頭高度。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

It is also the key factor to improve the highway grade in these areas. the sand harm usually happens and the roadbed is obviously influenced by the sand foundation stability condition and the groundwater if the roadbed earthfill height is low. on the contrary, the wind erosion usually happens if the height is high

公路路基的合理高度是保證沙漠公路不產生沙害的主要因素之一，同時是提高沙漠地區公路等級的關鍵，沙漠公路路基填土高度低，則易出現沙埋病害，路基受沙漠地基穩定狀況及地下水的影響顯著，反之，則易出現風蝕病害，並存在高填方路基和穩定性問題，工程造價相應增加。

The results are as follows : ( 1 ) if we increase the pumping water by 493 x 104m3, the amount of leakage recharge of rubber dam will rise by 231x 104m3 ; which indicates pumping by rubber dam can excite much more surface water infiltrate so as to supply groundwater. thus the utilization ratio of water source is increased, and it provides the reliable guaranty for enough supply of the groundwater storage in wet year. ( 2 ) under the condition of present status, the groundwater exploitable resource in wet year is 3670 104m3

最後，通過數值法反復調算計算出本區地下水的允許開采量，計算結果表明，在現狀開採的條件下，大沽河地下水庫豐水年（ p = 20 ）時地下水允許開采量為13670 10 ~ 4m ~ 3 ，平水年（ p = 50 ）時地下水允許開采量為12054 10 ~ 4m ~ 3 ，枯水年（ p =加% ）時地下水允許開采量為10951xl了砰。

Salt dynamics in soil profiles under condition of different groundwater depths and salinities

地下水作用條件下粉砂壤土鹽分動態研究

Only on the condition that we ascertain reserve of groundwater, mark out and regulate unitedly, prevent water pollution, call for saving water, suggest uni - calling between surface water and groundwater positively, can we exploit and use groundwater rationally

研究表明，只有查明地下水儲量，對地下水實行統一規劃，統一管理，防止水污染，提倡節約用水，積極推行地表水和地下水聯合調度，才能合理開發利用地下水資源。

By analyzing and studying the hydrogeology condition of the reservoir bank, typical zone is selected to build the realistic hydrogeology and mathematic model. the dynamic character of the groundwater seepage field of slopes in fengjie section during the present time, the initial process of storing water and operation of the reservoir, the late process of storing water and operation of the reservoir is imitated with 3d - modflow

通過分析岸坡的水文地質條件，選出典型的代表區域，建立較逼真的水文地質模型和計算模型，運用3d - modflow軟體對庫區岸坡內地下水滲流場在現庫水條件下、水庫首期蓄水及運行過程中、二期蓄水及運行過程中的動態變化特徵進行了模擬研究。

It sets up a evaluated system by analyzing groundwater chemical components, through studying pertinence in water chemical component and soil strength, it also puts forward that water chemical change can map soil strength variation under water - soil interaction. from the theory of the water - soil interaction on, the interrelation of city construction, the variation of groundwater condition and the soil structure strength is analyzed and that the measure of soil structure and the significance which is by the water - soil interaction is studied in this paper. at the same time, in the paper : the recourse of the soil structure strength is summarized ; the physical meaning of soil mini - scale structure is defined ; the measure of soil structure is classified ; the four basis forms of the water - soil interaction is induced ; the chemistry mechanism of the water - soil interaction is discussed

通過水化學組份與土強度間的相關性分析，提出水化學組份的變異可以映射水土作用下土強度的變異；從水土作用的理論出發，分析了域市建設、地下水環境變異與土結構強度間的相互關系，研究了土的結構尺度及其在水土作用中的意義：總結了土的結構強度的來源、定義了土細觀結構的物理涵義井劃分了土的結構尺度及層次、歸納了水土作用的四個基本形式、討論了水土作用的化學作用機理。

Beginning with the analyse of present situation and cause of formation of saline - alkali land, the irrigated area overall water salt trends are analysed, and the irrigated area saline - alkali land and the groundwater level and distribution law of groundwater degree of mineralization are expounded, the trendence of irrigated area saline - alkali land is put forward. then water salt balance model is estanbished according to the relationship of irrigating and drainage. regarding the irrigated area as a balance area, by analysis of mineralization degree of water pumping from the yellow river and drained off water from irrigated area, the change of the draining off water ion is forcasted in water reducing condition

課題研究主要從鹽堿地現狀與成因及灌區總體水鹽動態分析兩方面入手，闡述了灌區鹽堿地、地下水位、地下水礦化度的分佈規律，分析了灌區鹽堿地的成因及變化趨勢；根據灌區灌溉、排水條件與以上各種因素的關系，建立了灌區水鹽均衡模型；把灌區作為一個均衡區，通過對黃河來水礦化度、灌區排水礦化度的分析，預測了在灌溉引水、排水減少時排水離子量的變化；運用灌區水鹽動態模型原理，對灌區現狀（ 1998 、 2000年）與規劃水平年總體水鹽平衡進行了計算；總結分析了灌區水鹽動態變化趨勢，計算並提出了排水控制標準。

The water become groundwater and form dynamic system. under the control of hydrological an geological condition, groundwater which is replenished by wat

因此，研究粉細砂層的取水方法，已成為解決黃泛平原區工農業供水的關鍵問題。

The research result of the paper indicates that utilizing manual soil dealing with rainwater can reach better depurating effect by reasonable designing and controling. in practical project, especially in the condition of soil with badly penetrating ability and lower groundwater level, can adopt about one meter deepness manual soil laying on the greenbelt and can also design special manual soil depurating equipment around building to dealing with rainwater, which not only assures depurating effect but also saves occupying area and improves environment

本論文的研究結果表明，經合理設計控制，利用人工加人細砂的土層處理雨水徑流，可達到較好的處理效果，實際工程中，尤其是在土壤滲透性很差，地下水位較高等情況下，可以在綠地表層採用lm左右的人工土壤層， 『也可在建築物附近設計專門的人工土壤凈化裝置來處理雨水徑流，既可保證處理效果，又可節省佔地和改善環境。

Investigated the water resources volume and quality and exploitation condition, conducted water balance for the present condition at 75 and 95 probability levels, and listed the problems in water resources development and management. 4. two methods, one looked into the percentage of surface water and groundwater ; and the other introduced fuzzy set theory, and took the social economy and water system as one system for analyzing

4 、對全市水資源開發利用程度用兩種方法進行了分析，一是用傳統的方法單一地對地表水、地下水的開發利用量占資源量的百分數進行了分析；二是引入模糊綜合評判的方法，將社會經濟和水資源納入一個系統進行分析研究，較為客觀地評價了水資源的開發利用程度，兩種方法的評價結果基本上是一致的。

On the base of analysis of hydrologic geology from aquifer distribution, boundary conditions and dynamic characters etc. in the research area, the paper sums up the hydrologic geologic condition, builds up the conceptual model of groundwater resource evaluation and presents 2d calculation model, as well as numeric solution and computing flow chart. after introducing general solutions of mathematic models and implementation method of rectangular grid, the paper realizes the automatic technique of spatial dispersion rectangular grid of evaluation models based on gis. finally, the paper fulfills the integration of gis with groundwater resource evaluation models from gis - based basic management information, spatio - temporal dispersion of models, definition of subprogram and visual evaluation of parameters, as well as models simulation etc., and visualizes the results of evaluation models

論文以地下水超采?地下水降落漏斗?地面沉降現象較為嚴重的常州、武進地區作為研究評價區域，在對評價區域的含水層分佈、邊界條件和動態特徵等水文地質條件分析的基礎上，概化了其水文地質條件，構建了相應的地下水資源評價概念模型與數學模型，並給出其數值解法和相應的計算流程；論文在介紹數學模型的兩種常用數值解法和模型空間離散的矩形網格生成技術的基礎上，實現了基於gis的評價模型空間離散矩形網格的自動生成；最後，論文從基於gis的評價模型基本信息管理、模型空間時間離散方法、子程序包與模型計算參數可視化賦值、模型的擬合等方面實現了gis與評價區域的地下水資源評價模型的集成，並將模型評價結果可視化。

The paper selects the subject entitled " the isoparametric finite - element three - dimension groundwater ( fe3dgw ) model for fracture - karst water resources and numerical simulation in jinan springs zone ", which is one sub - task of items on " exploitation and springs protection of jinan fracture - karst water ( no. 200001 ) " in this paper, the following questions are discussed : first, according to the site survey, and other relative datum, the condition of physical geography, geography and hydrogeology are summarized

本文的研究課題? ?濟南市巖溶地下水數值模擬研究是山東省計委計劃項目「濟南市巖溶地下水開發利用與泉群保護研究（ no . 200001 ） 」的子課題。主要研究內容有：第一，在調查和閱讀分析相關資料的基礎上，概要總結和闡述泉群研究區域的自然地理、水文地質條件和地質概況，提出研究區水文地質概念模型，進一步建立濟南泉群研究區非均質各向異性三維非穩定流數學模型，利用等參有限元技術進行數值求解。

After the comprehensive research about watersheds runoff characteristic, artificial regulation condition and dam groundwater reservoir technology, 5 surface water works, 7 groundwater reservoir works and 13 potential groundwater reservoir zones have been proposed

結合流域徑流資源、區域人工控制特點分析，及有壩地下水庫技術研究，篩選設計出5項地表水利工程、 7項地下水庫工程及13處地下水庫潛力區。

Based on analysis of the reasons that cause oasis disintegration such as annual decrease of influx, under groundwater level to annually descend and vegetation descending and their rules, the tendency in the future of the hydrology and oasis under the current condition primarily estimated

對此分析了民勤入境水量的逐年衰減、地下水位持續下降、荒漠草原超載放牧等引起綠洲衰變的主要成因及其變化規律，並初步估算了現狀條件下水文及綠洲未來變化趨勢。

Because gray rock characteristic is asymmetric, the growth of rock dissolve is jolly unbalanced, harbour state of groundwater is very complicated, under the similar geological condition evaluation and optimization of groundwater resource is also difficult, until now there is no scientific solution to this kind of problem

由於灰巖的地質特性為非均質，巖溶發育極不均衡，地下水的蓄存狀況極為復雜，因此類似地質條件下的地下水資源評價和優化管理難度是非常大的，目前國內外尚無很好的辦法解決此類問題。

On the basis of previous research view to the boundary of karst - groundwater system in research area, chapter two starts with the natural geography condition of research area and analyzes the condition of geology and hydrogeology carefully. accordingly, several queries are brought out as follow : is the tertiary system ( n ) confining layer

第二章從研究區自然地理條件入手，結合前人研究區巖溶水系統邊界的研究觀點，對研究區的地質、水文地質條件進行了深入分析之後，提出如下問題：第三系（ n ）地層是否為隔水

On the basis of the analysis of the topography, geomorphology, geological structure of geothermal area and surroundings in fuzhou city, and the survey of hydrogeological condition, and the distribution of geothermal drilling, and the geothermal water exploitation, and the groundwater regime, and the scale and distribution of land subsidence, the relationship between land subsidence and geothermal water regime was discussed. the result showed that land subsidence of geothermal area in fuzhou city was mainly induced by the excessive extraction of geothermal water in the thesis

在分析研究福州市溫泉區及周圍的地形地貌、地質構造、水文地質條件的基礎上，對地熱井分佈、流量、水位、地下熱水開採的歷史與現狀以及對地面沉降的表現、規模、分佈規律進行了深入的調查；分析了地下熱水歷年水位、水量動態變化特徵，並探討地下熱水與地面沉降的相關關系，結果表明過量開采地下熱水是導致福州市溫泉區地面沉降的主要原因。

The difficulties of this problem are as follows : there is a grate discrepancy of geology condition of dike in middle - lower reaches of yangtze river, the facts which affect groundwater power field and water chemistry field not only include geologic structure of dike, topography and river network, precipitation infiltration and evaporation condition, but also are closely related to the design scheme of impermeable wall, construction method and construction quality

本課題研究的難點在於長江中下游堤基工程地質條件差異較大，影響地下水動力場、水化學場的因素不僅與堤基地質結構、地形與河網分佈、降水入滲及蒸發條件，而且與防滲墻的設計方案、施工工法及施工質量等密切相關。