history and system of law 中文意思是什麼
history and system of law
解釋
法學史及法律系統-
It expounds the origin of bankruptcy administrator system, gives a general introduction to specific bankruptcy administrator system of such countries like germany, japan, us and uk, etc, and makes summaries and comments on the history and status quo of our bankruptcy administrator system, thus it provides a solid theoretical foundation for the following discussion. in the second section, the author discusses the nature and status of bankruptcy administrator. on the basis of introduction, comparison and evaluation of various theories of legal systems of civil law and common law, this paper comes up with the view point that it is appropriate for china to establish the bankruptcy administrator system with the trustee system as its core, it redefines the bankruptcy administrator and provides theoretical base point for the perfection of the bankruptcy administrator system in china
本文的第一部分從考察破產管理人制度的歷史沿革入手，在闡釋了破產管理人制度的起源之後對德、日、美、英等國各具特色的破產管理人制度進行了總體的介紹，並對我國破產管理人制度的歷史和現狀進行了綜述和評介，為展開後文的論述提供了深厚的理論背景；文章的第二部分就破產管理人的性質和地位問題展開討論，在介紹、比較和評價大陸法系與英美法系關于該問題的各種學說基礎上，提出了我國宜以信託制度為核心，確立破產管理人制度的觀點，對破產管理人進行了定位，從而為後文完善我國破產管理人制度的構想提供了理論基點；最後，文章就如何完善我國破產管理人制度提出了一些構想，主要對破產管理人的選任和撤換、破產管理人的權利和義務、對破產管理人的監督機制等方面的制度建構和完善提出了一些具有現實意義的設想和建議。 -
Qing dynasty is the last feudatories dynasty of our history, and it has perfect feudatories law system, and it is the interim from the feudatories law to the semi - colonial and semi - feudal law. since qing dynasty went through two different phases, it is a connecting link of the chinese civil law development of preceding and the following
清朝的民事法律制度經歷了兩個不同的階段，比較清代的民事法律制度與現代民事法律制度的異同，對於我們研究現代民事法律制度發展的進程以及其淵源，都有一定的幫助作用。 -
With the combination of logic and history as the methodology, the second chapter applies the general property right theory to analyze the origins, functions and efficiency of the property right system and to reveal the primary law and trend of the evolution and formation of the system
第二章就是運用產權的一般理論，通過歷史的和邏輯相結合的方法分析產權制度的起源、功能及效率，揭示產權制度形成和演進的基本規律和趨勢。 -
There are some useful experiences for taking - off of chinese market in the history of the global main markets : it ' s the specific cause of development that determines the transplanting mode of securitization system of a specific country ; there would be little successful markets without effective push from local governments ; banks are always main participants in the markets and play an important role in the development of a market ; civil - law countries should make necessary reform to their current legal systems to sustain development of their markets
考察從美國到全球的主要證券化市場發展歷史，可以得到以下足為我國證券化市場與制度建設之鏡鑒的經驗與教訓：發展動因上的區別影響引入證券化制度的模式和路徑；大多數證券化市場的成功起飛離不開政府積極有效的推動；銀行作為證券化市場的主力參與者，決定著一個證券化市場發展的道路與程度；民法法系國家應立足於自己的法律文化和制度體系，改革固有的法律制度以為證券化市場提供製度支持。 -
For the model of fact - founding, there has been a different history in the common law system and the continental law system, but the result has a resembled appearance
就案件真相的發現模式而言，英美法系和大陸法系雖然發展歷程彼此相異，但卻殊途同歸。 -
This text is main from the right independent directors and the companies of appearing on the market of three aspects to manage the construction to proceed the treatise : the first part, introduced the law meaning, the job and function, the history background and development trend of the independent directors ; part of the second, ami at the preparation of the theories and policy of independent directors system in the current our country, it was analyzed to the practice and problem of the companies of appearing on the market and expounded the important function of independent directors to perfect company manage construction ; part of the third, point out the problem of a few keys of developments of independent directors system which current influence the companies of appearing on the market in our country, bring up some speculation to perfect the independent directors of the companies of appearing on the market in our country, try hard to regulate the independent directors system from law, policy, system. . etc.,
同時，分析獨立董事發揮作用的特定環境與條件，逐步完善有關的政策法規，解決影響我國上市公司獨立董事發揮作用的幾個關鍵問題，加快相關法制、政策與制度建設是推行上市公司獨立董事建設的當務之急。本文主要從三個方面對獨立董事與上市公司治理結構進行論述：第一部分，介紹了獨立董事的法律含義、獨立董事的職責與作用、產生的歷史背景與發展趨勢；第二部分，針對目前我國獨立董事制度建設的理論與政策準備，分析了上市公司獨立董事的實踐與存在的問題、闡述了獨立董事對完善公司治理結構的重要作用；第三部分，重點就目前影響我國上市公司獨立董事制度建設的幾個關鍵問題，提出了完善我國上市公司獨立董事制度的若干構想，力求從法律、政策、制度等方面規范獨立董事制度，促進我國上市公司治理結構的完善。 -
China has along history of rule by man, and we have made great fault in legal system construction in planning system. the present legal systems are also not prefect. in a word, our state is short of ideas of rule of law in administration
總體言之，我國行政人員的法治觀念淡薄，這與我國久遠的人治傳統、計劃體制下法治建設的偏頗和現行法律制度的不完善有著重要的聯系。 -
This dissertation is aiming to obtain something good to develop and improve our taxation legal system, with the comparison of the two tax law of the two nations, which is more significant for our china, which has short history of the legal system of taxation. it consists five parts. in the former four parts, it offers the comparative research of the two nations in building taxation law, tax administration system, taxation system, distribution via taxation respectively
本論文正文共分五個部分，第一部分從模式和內容方面對中美稅收法律建設進行比較；第二部分對兩國稅收法製作用下的稅收管理體制進行比較，主要從管理機構、征管模式、分稅制進行比較；第三部分對中美稅制進行比較，主要在稅制結構、稅負以及稅種結構；第四部分中美稅收分配關系比較，主要從其作用結果比較，對三種主要的稅法予以比較。 -
First, the introduction of this article partially briefs the research background ? the research situation at present and the research significance which this article has needed to study about issues of the guarantee clause and reciprocal loans between enterprises, as to clarify the research direction and the academic value. second, the outline of the first chapter of the joint management system, mainly takes the history of a development of the joint management system as the background, states the origin and the historical function of the joint management system, and compares the joint management system with the modern law system of the joint management system as to analyze the malpractice and issues of preservation
二、本文第一章聯營制度概述，主要是以聯營制度發展的歷史為背景，考察聯營制度的成因及歷史作用，並將聯營制度與現代法律制度相比較對聯營制度的弊端及聯營存廢問題予以剖析，明確聯營三種類型在現代法律制度體系中的歸屬問題，從而解決在聯營糾紛中適用法律的困惑，為本文關于保底條款問題及企業借貸問題的論述進行鋪墊。 -
Though the history of the research on chinese administrative law is just in her juvenile, with the practice of the policy of reformation and opening, and the establishment of grand general plan on ruling by law. research on system of administrative law is running higher and higher and theoretical achievement richer
我國行政法學研究的歷史雖然尚處青少年階段，但隨著我國改革開放政策的實行和依法治國宏偉方略的奠立，行政法制度的研究一浪高過一浪，理論成果日益豐富。 -
The dissertation refers to comparatively full literatures in the field of vsc, and the development history and characteristics of vsc are summarized, and the elementary concepts, elementary definitions, elementary properties, elementary principles and design methods are particularly introduced, and the causes of the chattering phenomenon are systematically analysed, and the study status of the chattering phenomenon and the main methods to eliminate the chattering are elaborated. for the deficiencies of traditionary methods, three improved methods are developed, which are improved exponent reaching law solution, variable boundary layer solution and the solution by adding an auxiliary continuous control term. for uncertain linear systems, an adaptive fuzzy integral variable structure control stategy ( afivsc ) is put forward to eliminate the chattering around the sliding plane, which introduces fuzzy logic to soften the non - linear discontinuous sig nal in the control variable and utilizes adaptive theory to adjust output membership function according to how much the uncertainty of the system is
比較全面地查閱了關于變結構控制理論的文獻，總結了滑模變結構控制的發展歷史和特點，詳細介紹了變結構控制的基本概念、基本定義、基本性質、基本原理以及設計方法；系統分析了變結構控制系統抖振產生的機理，並闡述了國內外目前對抖振問題的研究現狀以及消除抖振的主要方法；針對傳統抑制和消除抖振方法的不足，改進了傳統方法，得到了三種新的消除抖振的方法? ?即改進的指數趨近律法、可變邊界層法和附加連續項法；針對不確定性線性系統，在變結構控制策略中引入模糊邏輯和自適應理論來消除滑動平面上的抖振，提出了一種自適應模糊積分變結構控制方案（ afivsc ） ，利用模糊邏輯來柔化控制量中非線性不連續部分，採用自適應理論，根據系統不確定性大小在線調整模糊輸出量的隸屬函數，另外，鑒于模糊控制本質上是有靜差的，所以本文選擇了帶積分項的切換函數，由於積分項的存在使系統較正為無靜差系統。 -
This paper gives a close analysis of how to reform and improve the people jury system with the help of the present situation in our country. it first gives a brief introduction about the history of the development of jury system, and then gives a close analysis of the background of how the politics, economy and law of the people jury system is carried out in our country, and explicates the features of the people jury system, finding that the defects of the people jury system of the present situation brings the people jury system to a situation in which it exists in name
根據當今世界各國施行陪審制度的不同情況，將陪審制度分為兩種不同的模式，即英美法系的陪審團制和大陸法系的參審制，並分析了兩種不同模式的區別以及成因。然後對我國施行人民陪審員制度的政治、經濟及法律文化等背景特點作了分析，並進而闡述了我國人民陪審員制度的特點，著重分析了我國現行人民陪審員制度的缺陷，正是由於這些缺陷的存在，我國的人民陪審員制度在司法實際上處於一種名存實亡的困境。 -
Chapter two reviews the history of security of right, and makes comparison among different countries of civil law jurisdiction, so as to make a clear view on the current legal system of security of right
第二章通過對權利擔保的歷史沿革以及當前大陸法系各國的立法規定的比較，對現行的權利擔保制度進行了考察。 -
Part ii retrospects the history evolvement and construes the value of the system which include justice and efficiency. part hi reviews the system of alteration of action in our civil procedure law
本部分回顧了羅馬法系和普通法系中訴之變更m到寬的發展史，並指出這些變遷無不體橢該制度不同價值取向之問的沖突和平衡。 -
The main innovation of this essay includes : through the discussion of information asymmetry, externality, effective prevention, effective trust, the rule paradox of responsibility of independent auditing is made from the perspective of efficiency ; through the research on the implement of contract system, the structure of all types of independent auditing responsibility and their scope are probed ; the evolution of responsibility structure from ethics orientation to law orientation is analyzed by citing the related history of u. s. a and u. k to prove the point that the structure of the independent auditing responsibilities should reflect the rights and responsibilities of social economy and its change ; the structure unbalance of the independent auditing responsibilities in our country is analyzed. the problem of unbalance includes three aspects, which are the obscure scope of responsibility or non - responsibilities, the lack of moral responsibility, and the structure unbalance of legal duty system
本文的主要創新在於：通過對信息不對稱、外部性、有效預防與有效信賴的研究，從效率的角度提出了獨立審計責任規則悖論；通過對獨立審計履約機制研究探討獨立審計責任類型構成及其各自的范圍；以英美為例通過分析獨立審計責任結構由道德責任為主向法律責任為主的演變，印證獨立審計責任結構應當反映社會經濟權責結構及其變化，揭示獨立審計責任結構之變遷；分析了中國獨立審計責任存在結構性失衡問題，主要體現在責與非責、道德責任缺失以及法律責任體系結構失衡三個方面，並從獨立審計需求角度著手思考與獨立審計責任結構有關的責任安排。 -
Chapter one is the foundation of bank insolvency law system, which including five parts : the meaning of bank insolvency, the history of bank insolvency, insolvency ability of bank, the possibility and influence of bank insolvency and the particularity of bank insolvency
因此，構建一套充分考慮銀行業特殊性的破產法律框架已經近在迫在眉睫。研究銀行業破產法律制度，不是為了促使銀行破產，而是為了預防銀行破產，及時拯救那些處于破產邊緣的銀行，維護金融體系的穩定。 -
The system of option will be taken into the law. thus cso will be standarded by law. after long - term law practice, we realize that when preparing to establish a new system, we should make a thorough research on its facture, history, basic condition and corresponding measures in advance
多年的法律實踐告訴我們，要建立一項新的制度，應當首先對它的基本特徵、歷史沿革、設立條件、配套措施進行深入的研究，並且在這種認識的基礎上建立起清晰透明的法律框架，然後有序地展開。 -
History and evolvement of the institution of the real right ' s shift in the continental law system
大陸法系物權移轉制度的歷史與演變 -
Therefore, we cannot sedulously imitate and blindly copy modern enterprise system of western countries when choosing enterprise ' s control mode. only this kind of enterprise control mode, well meeting such environmental factions as the politics, the law, economy, history and culture of our country, can bring the best control efficiency
因而我們在選擇企業治理模式時絕不能刻意模仿和盲目照搬，只有很好地適應我國政治、法律、經濟、歷史、文化等環境因素的企業治理模式才可能發揮最佳治理效率。 -
This article is divided into three main parts, introduction made by the first article to address the problem that our current commercial housing mortgage existence of the de jure applicability of the relevant norms, and therefore the need for the introduction of civil security system. in the first chapter, introduced to the history and evolution of the security system, the relevant provisions of civil law countries, common law mortgage system, and commercial housing mortgage on the country ' s current situation. chapter ii with the guarantee system to allow specific content to do a more detailed introduction
筆者認為讓與擔保的定義應對讓與擔保的當事人、目的、讓與標的及當事人之間的法律關系作出較明確的說明並將讓與擔保界定為:讓與擔保是指債務人或第三人為擔保債務人的債務，將擔保標物的權利移轉于債權人，于債務清償后，標的物的權利應返于債務人或第三人，于債務不履行時，擔保權人可就擔保物優先受償的制度。
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