ill-structured 中文意思是什麼
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Managers face well - and ill - structured problems
管理者會面臨較好結構的問題和較差結構的問題。 -
Ill - structured problem
結構不完善的問題 -
Ill - structured problems are new or unusual, involve ambiguous or incomplete information, and are solved using nonprogrammed decisions
結構不良是新出現的，而且不尋常的，解決含糊的或不完全的信息，沒有項目決策可以利用。 -
So, it is very important to understand physics problem - solving instruction correctly and to seek a sort of equilibrium between the well - structured problem and the ill - structured problem
因此，正確理解物理問題解決，在結構良好問題與結構不良問題之間尋求一種平衡則是十分重要的。 -
Futher research led the author to hold about the existence of multi - attributes characteristic of decision making criteria, fuzziness of decision making environment, ill - structured of decision making problems, and group decision making in the agricultural project investment decision making
農業項目投資決策普遍存在決策準則的多屬性、決策環境的模糊性、決策問題的結構不良性以及決策者的群體性等特點。 -
Through analysis, the results are as the following : ( 1 ) to prove have uncoordinated phenomenon, between the basic research for design policy and the knowledge introduction of the functionaries. ( 2 ) the most decision types of the design policy ' s functionary are messenger, and sequences are evaluator. ( 3 ) the personal knowledge backgrounds of the design policy ' s functionary influence the design policymaking. ( 4 ) the issues of the design policy belong to " ill - structured problems ", which affects the contextuality of policy knowledge
所得資料經統計分析后，研究結果得知我國設計政策制定： （ 1 ）基礎研究與任職者所引用知識之間，存在著不能配合的現象； （ 2 ）任職者知識引用的決策型態僅以訊息傳遞為最多； （ 3 ）任職者個人的知識偏好，影響設計政策制定於不完全知識下進行決策； （ 4 ）設計政策屬于結構不良的政策問題，影響著政策知識環境系絡的發展。 -
Put above hypotheses together we can propose a comprehensive solving alternative to in hence decision making effectiveness for agricultural project investment : to build fuzzy analysis hierarchy process based on entropy and fuzzy multi - attributes decision making models in the model base of agricultural project investment gdss. we can to adopt group advices and experiences, promote the opinion integration and improve the solving methods of ill - structured problems that supported by group decision support system
按照這一概念框架，作者提出提高農業項目投資群體決策效果的整體解決思路：建立基於熵權的模糊層次分析法，以及模糊多屬性群體決策模型的農業項目投資群體決策支持系統模型庫；通過群體決策支持系統的支持，充分考慮決策群體的決策思想及經驗，促進意見集結，改進結構不良問題的解決。 -
The main characteristics of problem - based learning are : ( 1 ) learning is student - centered ( 2 ) learning occurs in small student groups ( 3 ) teachers are facilitators or guiders ( 4 ) problems form the organizing focus and stimulus for learning ( 5 ) problems are authentic and ill - structured ( 6 ) problems are a vehicle for the development of real - world problem - solving skills ( 7 ) new information is acquired and skills are trained through problem - solving process ( 8 ) evaluation is authentic and performance - based. after describing the features of problem - based learning, this thesis compares problem - based learning with other instruction models - lecture, direct instruction, case methods, discover - based inquiry, problem - centered learning, simulation and gaming and mantle of the expert ( roles ) on three aspects : ro
這種教學模式的基本特徵是： （ 1 ）是一種以學生為中心的教學方法； （ 2 ）學習形式是以一個學生小組為單位； （ 3 ）教師是輔助者、引導者； （ 4 ）以問題為中心組織教學並作為學習的驅動力； （ 5 ）問題是真實的、劣構的； （ 6 ）問題是發展學生實際解決問題能力的手段； （ 7 ）在問題解決的過程中獲得新的知識、培養能力； （ 8 ）真實的、基於績效的評價。 -
Problem - knowledge environment, where based on solving ill - structured problems, students may construct mathematics. by " doing mathematics " or exploring " mathematics experiment ", they may invent or discover some new mathematics knowledge by themselves. this is a challenge to traditional learning, which belongs to innovative learning. in microcosmic aspects, based on broad sense of knowledge idea, we make id for primary adaptive learning environment, while based on cognitive flexibility theory, we make id for senior adaptive learning environment
高級學習環境是一個再發現、再創造、建構數學知識的環境，其主要作用是促進學生基於數學問題解決，通過「做數學」 、探究「數學實驗」而進行再發現、再創造和建構新的數學知識和數學模式，這是一個數學創新學習的環境。 -
Applying fuzzy decision making methods may solve the fuzziness of decision environment in agricultural project investment. solving ill - structured problems by group decision support systems, inducing decision makers to present and understand the problems by the use interacts with the computer system, improving the decision making effectiveness by electronic meeting. these measures may enhance the decision effectiveness in agricultural project investment
針對上述問題，作者提出：用層次分析法處理農業項目投資多屬性決策問題；用模糊決策方法解決決策環境的模糊性；用群體決策支持系統解決結構不良問題，通過人?機對話系統引導決策者對問題的表達和理解，通過電子會議改進群體決策效果。
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