informal system 中文意思是什麼
informal system
解釋
非規范化管理-
Institution must follow the law of the development of hi - tech industry, relying on the founding of market system, making full use of the results of technological innovation. development of hi - tech industry in china should have an institution innovation frame, dominated by the government, that is to say, as the government being the dominator, enterprise being the main body, market being the guidance, with the combination of innovation of supply guidance and demand inducement, formal and informal institution arrangements, as well as the combination of institution and technology innovation, to realize the rational division of technological resources, to promote the development of hi - tech industry
制度創新必須遵循高新技術產業發展的規律，必須依賴市場機制的建立，必須充分利用技術創新的成果；我國高新技術產業發展應建立政府主導型的制度創新框架，即以政府為主導，以企業為主體，以市場為導向，供西北大學經管學院搏士學位論文給主導型創新和需求誘致型創新相結合，正式制度安排與非正式制度安排相結合，制度創新與技術創新相結合，實現科技資源的優化配置，推動高新技術產業發展。 -
The creative standpoint of this paper is to build a model to describe the science information communication system in the network - publishing environment. then it systematically analyzes the impact of network publishing on the science information communication, including : first, the development of the network publishing thoroughly changes the basic concepts of traditional science information communication. the boundary of formal and informal processes becomes obscure, and the channels of the informal process have changed
本文的創新點在於構築了網路出版環境中科學情報交流系統的模式，在對該模式的直觀描述的基礎上，系統地分析了網路出版對科學情報交流各個方面的影響，包括：第一，網路出版的發展徹底改變了傳統科學情報交流體系中概念區分的依據，使正式交流和非正式交流的界限模糊了，非正式交流的渠道發生了變化，這種變化帶來了積極的影響。 -
Based on the present conditions of automobile industry in china, the thesis aims at using positive and normative analysis approach to study the three main factors that have important effect on development. these factors are : supplier system, manufacturing abilities and informal communication. the conclusions point out clear direction for the improvement of r & d levels of chinese automobile industry
本文立足於中國汽車產品研發的現狀，運用實證和規范相結合的分析方法，通過中日汽車產品研發的對比分析，主要從三個方面研究了汽車產品研發績效的影響因素：第一，零部件供應商體系，第二，製造能力，第三，非正式交流，為提高我國汽車研發的管理水平指明了方向。 -
Reasons of the moral crisis of li individual agents have been elaborated from two viewpoints, i. e. formal and informal constraints respectively, the discrepancies of formal constraints such as salary assignment system, training system and qualified identification system have been explored firstly, and then some deeper reasons originated from those informal constraints such as culture, religion belief, contractual concepts, individualism and collectivism etc. have been analyzed
從正式約束和非正式約束兩方面闡述了壽險個人代理人失信行為的根源。在正式約束中，主要分析了薪酬分配製度、培訓體系、資格認定體系等存在的缺陷；在非正式約束中則從文化、宗教、契約觀、個人主義和集體主義來分析壽險個人代理人存在失信行為的深層次原因。 -
The informal subjective test in real - time processing indicates that the synthetic speech quality of amr vocoder is better than it of rpe - ltp in gsm system, achieving toll quality, that can apply to devices employing the amr vocoder within the 3gpp system in terms of software and hardware
實時處理的非正式主觀測試表明，合成語音質量優于gsm的rpe - ltp的語音質量，達到長途語音質量，完全可以實際應用，為第三代移動通信中聲碼器設備的研製奠定了良好的軟體和硬體基礎。 -
Summary account of the informal commercial system initiated by shanxi merchants
晉商非正式制度簡析 -
The final chapter of the thesis puts forward countermeasures to resolve problems the informal subnational tax competition has brought, using the foreign successful experience of tax harmonization for reference and consulting to the necessary conditions fiscal scholars have set to a perfect subnational tax competition, which includes the transformation of government function to set up a administrative system ruling by law accord with market economy ; deepening the reform of tax - divided system to regulate intergovernmental fiscal relationship ; improving the management of taxation planning to make it subordinated to economic tax resource ; creating fundamental conditions beneficial to subnational tax competition and so on
第三部分針對我國政府間稅收競爭存在的問題，借鑒有關國家協調稅收競爭的方法，參照財政學者關于稅收競爭的假設條件，提出了規范我國政府間稅收競爭的相應對策。包括：轉變政府職能，建立市場經濟下的法治政府；深化分稅制改革，規范政府間財政關系；改進稅收計劃管理，使稅收計劃服從經濟稅源；創造規范政府間稅收競爭的基礎條件。 -
By using the principle of the redundant system design in the engineering field and based on the multi - channel electronic model, this paper constructed a new kind of redundant multi - payment electronic payment model that has both high transaction efficiency and good reliability, analyzed the channel selecting method by combining the traits of the electronic payment and wireless communication technology, designed the corresponding user operation flow, worked out the calculation formula of different payment informal ion arrival rate by different redundant design methods and effects on the perceived risk and acceptance degree of the end - user, compared the integrated performance of different kinds of payment models, and solved the decreasing problem of transaction efficiency in the multi - channel payment model
摘要利用工程領域的冗餘設計原理，在多通道電子支付模型的基礎上構建了同時具備高交易效率和高安全性的冗餘多通道電子支付模型，結合電子支付及無線通信技術的特點分析了冗餘通道的選擇方法，設計了相應的用戶操作流程，給出了不同的冗餘情形下的支付信息到達率計算公式、以及對用戶感知風險和接受度的影響，對比了各種支付方式的綜合性能，解決了在多通道支付模型中出現的交易效率降低的問題。 -
An informal system whereby persons having common interests or concerns assist each other, as in the exchange of information or the development of professional contacts
人際網由具有共同興趣或愛好的人組成的非正式體系。人們互相幫助、互相交換信息或工作聯系的進展 -
From macroscopic visual angle, the emergence and development of informal employment have some reasons. in china, the factor of the system of organization is the most important one ; from microscopic visual angle, informal employment can take place of formal employment : as to the employer, informal employment brings more benefit ; in addition, informal employment brings more employment posts on the basis of same employment cost
從宏觀層面上看，非正規就業是有其產生和發展的內在機制的，在我國，體制性因素是影響其產生和發展的最重要因素之一;從微觀層面上看，非正規就業對正規就業具有替代效應:對用人單位而言，非正規就業能夠帶來更多的經濟效益;在相同的雇傭成本下，非正規就業可以增加更多的就業崗位。 -
What is your performance testing system ? do we use formal and / or informal assessment methods and measures to determine employee well - being, satisfaction, and motivation
目前的績效考評系統？我們是否使用正式的和/或非正式的評估和測量方法，以確定員工的福利、滿意度和動力？ -
Using the internal equilibrium of the system, as well as the theory of aoki masahiko and leonid hurwicz, the informal institutions are modeled and defined as the collection of behaviors of the participants of the evolutionary game contrary to official formal institutions
從制度的可實施性角度出發，本文將非正式制度「表型化」 ，定義為博弈方在博弈中可以採取的行動集，相對于官方制定並頒布的正式制度。 -
The internal factors which restrain the sustainable development of the mutton sheep industry are the sick operational model and the informal management system in the mutton sheep pen besides the external factors such as, technology, system and workers quality. they have being restrained the further development of the mutton sheep industry in hebei province
得出的結論是：除技術、體制、人員素質等是制約河北省肉羊業再升級的外部因素外，肉羊養殖企業內部不健全的經營模式和不規范的管理制度是制約肉羊業持續、穩定發展的內部因素。 -
Thinking the issue of informal system lack during the period of transform economy
經濟轉型時期的非正式制度缺失 -
From the perspective of informal system transformation on government with performance - audited system
從非正式制度變遷的視角審視政府問責制 -
At the end of this chapter, the author analyzed the influence of informal system arrangement on accounting reform
最後，我們分析了非正式制度安排對會計改革的影響。 -
Enterprisers " growing system is the one to help the productions and growth of enterprisers, which includes formal and informal system, involving such aspects as laws, economy, politics and culture
企業家成長制度就是有利於企業家產生和成長的制度。這種制度包括正式制度和非正式制度，涉及法律、經濟、政治、文化各個方面。 -
The government model should be the key to the models with proper introduction of market rules. beginning with the economic analysis on the incompleteness of the internal control system, the author probed the incompleteness of the environment and the present situation during the implementation of the internal control system ; and pointed out its intrinsic reason about the present situation of the internal control system. finally, based on the elementary theory of the system movement, the author describe the implementation safeguard mechanism of the internal control system from five aspects : strengthening correlation system ; constructing and perfecting formal system ; emphasizing the informal system ; establishing the penalty mechanism, the enlightenment of game theory in perfecting the internal control system
本文借鑒經濟學的相關理論，對內部控制制度的基本內涵進行了擴展，認為它是指由企業利益相關者為確保資產完整、信息真實可靠，提高企業經營效率，保證既定的管理政策得以實施而採取的所有制度;在對內部控制制度傳統功能分析的基礎上，重點剖析了內部控制制度在節約企業內部交易成本，彌補企業契約的不完備性和降低代理成本方面的經濟學功能;從制度供給的角度出發指出了我國內部控制制度制定模式必須朝著「以政府為導向，引入市場規則」的模式發展;以對內部控制制度的不完全性進行經濟學分析為起點，探討了其實施環境與實施現狀的不完全性，指出令人堪憂的內部控制現狀有其內在的理由;最後以制度運行的基本理論為基礎，從內部控制相關制度的加強，正式制度的建設完善，非正式制度的重視，懲罰機制的設立，博弈論對健全內部控制制度的啟示五個角度論述了內部控制制度實施的保障機制。 -
In which the ethical feature shows that accounting ethics is necessary and feasible, and the accounting feature shows that accounting ethics has the economic consequence which serves as procedural rationality. its ultimate objectives are to achieve the rationality of outcome of accounting objectives. from the aspect of economical features, accounting ethics has the features of property system, the informal system of change, informational mechanism and repeated game
會計倫理的倫理學特徵說明會計倫理既有必要存在，也有可能實現；其會計學特徵說明，作為一種程序理性的會計倫理具有經濟後果，其最終目標是為了實現會計目標的結果理性；從經濟學特徵來看，會計倫理具有產權制度特徵、變遷的非正式制度特徵、信息機制特徵和重復博弈特徵；作為一種控制機制而存在是會計倫理的管理學特徵。 -
According to the function organization system can be divided into bearing management function, bearing service function, having supervise function and the support organization ; the equipment system is constructed in two fields of the welfare hard equipment and the form of welfare service ; and norm system is divided into unrecorded informal system and recorded formal system. furthermore it particularly points out the importance to establish flexible management systems and operation mechanisms
對組織系統根據各組織承擔的功能不同劃分為承擔管理職能的組織、承擔福利服務職能的組織、承擔監督職能的組織和承擔支援職能的組織四種類型；從福利的硬體設施和福利服務形式兩個方面對設備系統進行建構；而把規范系統分為不成文的非正式的規范系統和成文的正式的規范系統兩部分進行了分析。
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